Respectus Philologicus
Not a member yet
631 research outputs found
Sort by
Moteris kaip troškimo įkūnijimas Algirdo Landsbergio novelėse
Full text linkThe woman as the embodiment of desire in the writings of Algirdas Jeronimas Landsbergis (1924–2004) – a Lithuanian expatriate playwright, novelist, editor, and literary and theatre critic – is not an ordinary literary character but symbolises the unique relationship between the rational world of consciousness and the instinctive, primal needs expressed in creative fantasies. The image of the woman-fantasy appears in the author’s short stories. It allows us to explore the inherent egocentricity of desire, the experience of lust that constrains subjectivity. C. G. Jung’s philosophy is used to classify fantasy images and identify their characteristic features, while E. Husserl’s phenomenology of consciousness is applied to the description of the protagonists’ experiences in the process of unique emotional occurrences. Short stories “Duet for Female Voice and Violin in Venice”, “A Long Night”, and “The Second Mountain Range” are analysed as expressions of the experiencing consciousness and the creating unconscious. The desires and fantasies of the protagonists materialise into a woman who is seen as a creation of lust; her body is reified by demonstrating power. However, a phantasmatic metamorphosis of characters is powerless to solve their dilemmas and inner confusion, as lust is based on one-sided, searching, and striving relations with the world in the absence of any answer.Moteris kaip troškimo įkūnijimas Algirdo Jeronimo Landsbergio (1924–2004) – lietuvių išeivijos dramaturgo, prozininko, redaktoriaus, literatūros ir teatro kritiko – tekstuose nėra įprasta veikėja. Ji simbolizuoja išskirtinį ryšį tarp racionalaus sąmonės pasaulio ir kūrybinėmis fantazijomis išreikštų instinktyvių pirmapradžių poreikių. Novelėse atsiskleidžiantis moters-fantazijos vaizdinys leidžia nagrinėti prigimtinį troškimo egocentriškumą, subjektyvumą suvaržančią geismo patirtį. Siekiant suklasifikuoti fantazijos vaizdinius ir išskirti jų bruožus pasitelkta C. G. Jungo filosofija, o protagonistų išgyvenimai patyrimo procese tiriami taikant E. Husserlio sąmonės fenomenologiją. Novelės „Duetas moters balsui ir smuikui Venecijoje“, „Ilgoji naktis“, „Antroji kalnų grandinė“ nagrinėjamos kaip patiriančios sąmonės ir kuriančios pasąmonės išraiška. Protagonistų troškimai ir fantazijos materializuojasi į moterį kaip į geismo kūrinį – jos kūnas sudaiktinamas demonstruojant galios poziciją. Tačiau fantasmatinė veikėjų metamorfozė nepajėgia išspręsti jų dilemų ir vidinio sąmyšio, kadangi geismas grįstas vienpusiu, ieškančiu, siekiančiu, bet atsakymo nesulaukiančiu santykiu su pasauliu
The Pragmatics of Paratextual Apparatus of Contemporary Latvian and American Travelogues
Full text linkThe present research aims at investigating the pragmatic features of paratext and their functions in contemporary American and Latvian travelogues. The presence of numerous paratextual elements in travel writing often helps to differentiate the genre among other literary genres. This, together with the fact that Latvian travelogues are not frequently studied, adds novelty to the present research. In addition, paratextual apparatus plays an essential role in constructing the modality of a travel narrative; moreover, certain paratextual elements (photographs, illustrations, archival documents, etc.) serve as a witness for the veracity and authenticity of narration as well as create a communicative bond with a potential reader. Paratextual apparatus can be viewed from various perspectives due to the fact that its elements bear various functions from informative (preface, postscript, genre specification, etc.) to performative (dedication, epigraph, etc.). The research focuses on such paratextual elements as extended titles, genre specification, dedications, epigraphs, illustrative and archival materials used in several Latvian and American travelogues of 1962–2015. The research methodology was based on the analytical and cultural historical methods, which contributed to the deeper insight into the concept of paratextuality. The pragmatics of paratext in travel writing was investigated by means of synthesising the structural-semiotic method and the method of comparative analysis in the critical perception of travelogues under consideration
Emancipation of the National Identity in Augusts Deglavs’ Novel “Riga”
Full text linkThe article studies the formation of the Latvian national identity as depicted in the cultural and historical novel Riga by the writer Augusts Deglavs. The plot is set in the second half of the 19th century when more and more Latvians from the country started to move to Riga. By applying the context-oriented approach and practices of cultural studies, the New historicism, post-colonialism, separate aspects of the dynamics and context of the relationship between Latvians and Baltic Germans in multicultural Riga have been analysed. In addition, the points where social and national identities contact and cross under the conditions of hermetic and hegemonic German culture, like relations with the German language, acquisition of social practices, emergence of the sense of Latvianness, have also been examined. The article also performs a concise evaluation of the historical importance of the Young Latvians’ movement depicted in the novel as the awakener of the national identity. Based on John Austin’s concept of performative language, in studying the emancipation of national identity, attention was paid to the ability of language “to do things”, which proves that words expressed in certain situations can possibly affect and change the run of historical processes
„Głuszec”, „pieun”, „śpiewak” – nazwy ptaka łownego utrwalone w powieściach Józefa Weyssenhoffa
Full text linkThis article focuses on the names of the game bird (capercaillie) as recorded in two literary works by Józef Weyssenhoff, namely Puszcza and Soból i panna. These novels provide research material regarding the terms used to refer to the wild bird, namely głuszec, pieun, śpiewak. The names, supported by examples from the mentioned texts, were examined in terms of their documentation (formal and semantic), in various sources, such as dictionaries, regionally-derived lexical elements, collections of hunting vocabulary, nature studies and literature. The findings show that the author used not only the wildly known name (głuszec) but also confirmed the presence in the hunting terminology (pieun, śpiewak) with very scant documentation (sometimes only from Weyssenhoff).Przedmiotem opisu w artykule są nazwy łownego ptaka (głuszca) utrwalone w dwóch tekstach Józefa Weyssenhoffa – Puszcza oraz Soból i panna. Powieści te dostarczają materiału badawczego na temat stosowanych przez pisarza określeń dzikiego ptaka – głuszec, pieun, śpiewak. Wynotowane nazwy, poparte egzemplifikacją z badanych utworów, zostały zbadane ze względu na ich dokumentację (formalną i semantyczną) w źródłach słownikowych, niekiedy także pracach poświęconych elementom leksykalnym nacechowanym regionalnie, zbiorach słownictwa myśliwskiego, opracowaniach przyrodniczych i przekazach literackich. Podjęte działania wskazują, że autor powieści prócz rozpowszechnionej nazwy głuszec wprowadził do swoich tekstów znane mu z języka myśliwskiego inne określenia ptaka łownego (pieun, śpiewak) odznaczające się w źródłach badawczych bardzo skromną dokumentacją (niekiedy wyłącznie z Weyssenhoffa)
Optimistic Christian Verticals and Destructive Secular Horizontals in Joachim Ringelnatz’s and Ödön von Horváth’s Experimental Fairy Tales
Full text linkThis article contributes to the discourse on experimental interwar fairy tales as a subgenre that undermines the anachronistic fairy-tale conventions to a selective negation or recontextualization in accordance with a contemporaneous cultural crisis. The contribution consists of demonstrating how fairy tales provide popular interwar religious authors with a platform to parallel the critical mirroring of their secular contemporaneous society with an articulation of a Christian, humanist optimism. A spatially focused comparison of Ödön von Horváth’s cycle of fairy tales Sportmärchen (1924–1926, published posthumously in 1972), and Joachim Ringelnatz’s Nervosipopel: Elf Angelegenheiten (1924) distinguishes the vertical and horizontal textual spaces to demonstrate that both authors reflect their metaphysically uprooted society through a negation of the genre\u27s characteristic orientation toward harmonic equilibriums on a horizontal spatial axis. However, by overlaying destructive horizontals with antinomic, transcendence-signifying Christian verticals, the tales also articulate a modality of nearness to God, even in the secular world. This symbolic and positive vertical motion correlates with preserving the genre\u27s characteristic idealization of a child
Klejnoty i odzież w świetle kobiecych testamentów szlacheckich z terenu Wielkopolski (XVII wiek)
Full text linkDuring the Old Polish period, wills of the nobility were made to transfer property to the beneficiary heirs, revealing evident family relationships. The testators frequently included the record regarding movable possessions, e. g., such as jewels and clothing. The wills of noblewomen show that women had movable assets intended for children, grandchildren, husbands, or siblings. The jewels and clothing mentioned in the records to testified their financial standing. Among the most commonly traded precious items are gold and silver, including chains, pearls, rings, bracelets, and earrings. The wills included various types of outerwear such as coats, cloaks, yupkas, and undergarments such as dresses, skirts and alamodes. Headgear, including caps, hems, and clasps, were also often mentioned in testaments. The testators also had clothing accessories, such as belts, dress sleeves, aprons, cottons, and silver or gilded buttons.W okresie staropolskim testamenty szlacheckie spisywano w celu przepisania majątku na rzecz spadkobierców. Widoczne były także relacje panujące w rodzinie. Testatorki często decydowały się na zapis ruchomości, wśród których znajdowały się m. in. klejnoty i odzież. Testamenty szlachcianek pokazują, że kobiety dysponowały ruchomościami na rzecz dzieci, wnuków, małżonków czy rodzeństwa. Wymieniane w aktach ostatniej woli klejnoty i odzież świadczyły także o ich pozycji majątkowej. Do najczęściej wymienianych klejnotów należą złote i srebrne: łańcuchy, perły, pierścienie, manele i zausznice. Wśród legowanej odzieży wierzchniej znajdowały się płaszcze, szuby, jupki, a z odzieży spodniej zapisywały sukienki, spódnice, alamody. W testamentach pojawiały się także nakrycia głowy, w tym różnego rodzaju czapki, rąbki i podwiki. Testatorki dysponowały również różnego rodzaju dodatkami do odzieży. Wymieniano pasy i paski, rękawy do sukni, fartuchy, bawełnice oraz guzy wykonane zwykle ze srebra lub pozłacane
Environmental Threats in American and Macedonian Dystopian Fiction
Full text linkVarious environmental changes threaten local environments and the world at large. Some of these changes have visible immediate effects on people’s lives, as exemplified by the pollution in the Macedonian capital of Skopje, which for several years has ranked among the world’s most polluted cities. Additionally, global warming is estimated to have devastating consequences for all life on Earth. While American writers have increasingly incorporated discussion of climate change into their fiction, Macedonian literature has rarely delved into environmental issues. Therefore, this article aims to contribute by exploring specific environmental aspects in several previously unexplored Macedonian dystopian works by Branko Prlja, Ivan Šopov and Biljana Crvenkovska. These works are compared to the novel Forty Signs of Rain by the American writer Kim Stanly Robinson, analysing the approaches employed in addressing environmental threats. The comparative view, as well as placing all of these works in the context of existing factual information about climate change and pollution, indicates the cultural differences between the narratives, but also the common ground they share about possible responses that may be undertaken to tackle environmental problems
Dėl teisės terminų pateikimo „Tarptautinių žodžių žodyne“
Full text linkIn order to determine whether the Dictionary of International Words (hereinafter TŽŽ2013) can be used as one of the sources of legal terminology in scientific and practical work, the terms denoting the concepts of law and their potential adjectival components were selected from the TŽŽ2013, the information provided with them was analysed, and the main features of the morphemic structure and semantics of the terms and their components were identified. Of the 676 legal terms found in the dictionary, 65% originate from Latin, 17% from French, 6.5% from Greek and 11% from other languages. The majority of legal noun terms are made up of all compounds with foreign roots, while all of the verb legal terms are to be regarded as hybrids since they are made up of a base with foreign roots and Lithuanian suffixes. 26% of the adjectival compounds are made of a foreign base and international suffixes, and around 70% are considered hybrids. The article also explores the discrepancies between the semantic fields of Lithuanian terms and their English equivalents. The TŽŽ2013, with certain reservations, can be used as one of the sources of legal terminology in law and language sciences as well as in practice.Siekiant įvertinti, ar Tarptautinių žodžių žodynas (toliau TŽŽ2013) moksliniame ir praktiniame darbe gali būti pasitelkiamas kaip vienas iš teisės terminijos šaltinių, iš TŽŽ2013 išrinkti teisės sąvokas įvardijantys terminai ir galimi jų būdvardiniai dėmenys, išanalizuota prie jų pateikiama informacija ir nurodyti pagrindiniai terminų ir jų dėmenų morfeminės sudėties ir semantikos bruožai. Nustatyta, kad 65 proc. iš 676 žodyne aptiktų teisės terminų kilę iš lotynų, 17 proc. – iš prancūzų, 6,5 proc. – iš graikų kalbos, likę 11 proc. – iš kitų kalbų. Daiktavardinius teisės terminus dažniausiai sudaro visi tarptautinės kilmės komponentai, neskaitant galūnės, o visi veiksmažodiniai teisės terminai vertintini kaip hibridai, nes juos sudaro svetimos kilmės pamatas ir lietuviškos priesagos. 26 proc. būdvardinių terminų dėmenų sudaro svetimos kilmės pamatas ir tarptautinės priesagos, apie 70 proc. traktuojami kaip hibridai. Taip pat straipsnyje aptartos lietuvių kalboje vartojamų terminų ir jų angliškų atitikmenų semantinių laukų nesutaptys. Daroma išvada, kad TŽŽ2013 su tam tikromis išlygomis naudotinas tiek teisės ir kalbos mokslų, tiek praktikos srityse kaip vienas iš teisės terminijos šaltinių