Respectus Philologicus
Not a member yet
631 research outputs found
Sort by
Dimensions of Imagery: Translation Analysis on the Example of “The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe”
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to show how imagery, one of the most important human cognitive abilities, can be expressed. It considers the impact this ability can have on the process of text production and its understanding in translation. The cognitive grammar model by Ronald Wayne Langacker (1987, 1991) has formed the methodological perspective. The application of cognitive translation theory to translation analysis is presented on the example of the novel by Clive Staples Lewis The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and its translation into Polish by Andrzej Polkowski and into German by Lisa Tetzner. First of all, the terms ‘conceptualisation’ and ‘imagery’ are introduced and explained from the cognitive perspective. Then, the dimensions of imagery – selection, abstraction and perspective – are described. Based on this, the examples selected from the novel The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and its Polish and German translations are analysed and the results are discussed
“A Long Interior Journey” of Kate Brown as Border Crossing: Gender, Age, and Class in Doris Lessing’s “The Summer Before the Dark”
Get PDFThe essay collection Doris Lessing: Border Crossings (2009), claims the writer’s persistent impulse to cross borders of all kinds – gender, maternity, class, ideology, geography, etc., and explores the impact it has on Lessing’s novels and autobiography. It therefore offers a new critical and theoretical approach that revises a traditional methodological paradigm of Lessing studies. This article extends the field of exploration by examining the transgressions of borders in the author’s novel of 1973 The Summer Before the Dark. Despite the extensive scholarship on the writer over the last years this novel remains among those which are less explored. However, it is relevant to the new theoretical scheme suggested by the authors of the volume. A central protagonist, Kate Brown, breaks restrictive gender and age codes as she is moving into “the darkness” of her new life order. The controversy of this move is announced in the title of the novel but towards its end the text suggests a transformation that enables the heroine to revise her agency inside and outside the domestic space, at the same time, through a set of narrative techniques and imagery, it problematises such a change
Проблема обоснования ценностей в гуманитаристике: когнитивно-прагматический подход
Get PDFThe main cognitive models of the values supporting reasoning in the discourse of the humanities are identified, the typology of selected schemes is made, their modifications are characterised, the pragmatic differences of the models are determined. Particular attention is paid to the “cause to aim” justification of the value judgments that prevails in the humanities. The regularities of verbal representation of cognitive structures are ascertained, pragmatic properties of argumentative markers are explicated. The author’s typology of tactics that implements rational and emotional value-study strategies is proposed. A number of fallacies in the justification of normative value judgments are revealed, such as “semantic-pragmatic dissonance”, “simulation of reasoning”, “pseudoauthority”, “superfluity of argumentative resource”. The sources of such shortcomings are exemplified by the facts from the evidence base. The conclusion is that the author of the article chooses the cognitive model of argumentation in support of the values, the ways of its verbal presentation and the tactics of reasoning on the basis of pragmatic factors.Выявляются основные когнитивные модели обоснования ценностей в дискурсе гуманитарных наук, производится типология выделенных схем, характеризуются их модификации, определяются прагматические различия. Особое внимание уделяетсяпреобладающему в гуманитаристике причинно-целевому обоснованию ценностных суждений. Устанавливаются закономерности языковой репрезентации когнитивных структур, эксплицируются прагматические свойства аргументативных вербализаторов. Предлагается авторская типология тактических приемов реализации рационально- и эмоционально-ценностной стратегий обоснования. Выявляется ряд погрешностей в обосновании нормативно-оценочных суждений: «семантикопрагматический диссонанс», «симуляция обоснования», «псевдоавторитет», «избыточность аргументативного ресурса». На конкретном фактическом материаледемонстрируются источники таких недочетов. Делается вывод о том, что выбор автором научной статьи когнитивной модели аргументации в поддержку ценно стей, способов ее вербального представления, тактических приемов обоснования детерминирован прагматическими факторами
Linguistic Landscape of Tbilisi: a Case Study of Graffiti
No full textThe article investigates graffiti of Tbilisi, Georgia, as a part of the linguistic landscape of the city. The research is carried out within the theoretical framework of linguistic landscape, based on the works by Landry and Bourhis (1997), Gorter (2006), Jaworski and Thurlow (2010), etc. The aspects of multimodality, multilingualism and sociality are focused on in the research. The graffiti analysed displays the features of multimodality where visual images are used alongside with written texts, thus, adding the element of complexity to the discourse investigated. It must be pointed out that the use of English language for graffiti making prevails. Regarding the social aspect of the linguistic landscape, Tbilisi graffiti shows the engagement of street artists in a socially-relevant discussion tackling both local and state-level problems. The display of Tbilisi graffiti demonstrates the fluidity of this type of narrative: older graffiti are covered with new ones in addition to being cleaned or covered with official or commercial signage
Владимир Маяковский и Демьян Бедный: литература на службе большевистской пропаганды периода Советско-польской войны 1920 года
Get PDFThe year 1920 saw the shaping and crystallisation of stylistic and literary-ideological canon regarding the dispute about Bolshevik Russia’s place in European civilisation. The sides of the Polish-Soviet conflict are in possession of a large arsenal of tropes and rhetorical figures, routinely used in printed sources, occasional publications, posters, caricatures, postcards and all kinds of gadgets. Particular attention was dedicated to the creation of massive weapon of “war on paper and canvas”, i.e. to propaganda and ideological proselytism. A propaganda war was imposed upon Poland prior to the armed conflict. The political weapons deployed by the Russia of Lenin and Trotsky – violent agitation and propaganda aimed against the “White Poles” and favouring “Soviet Poland” – significantly supported military efforts and political-diplomatic campaign. The numerous activists and artists engaged in the anti-Polish propaganda of the period included the especially noteworthy Vladimir Mayakovsky, Demian Biedny, Viktor Deni and Izaac Babel. Their bellicose poems and, in the case of the latter, satirical drawings incomparably kindled the will to struggle against the “White Poland”. Soviet propagandists regarded the Polish-Soviet war as a testing ground, with the experiments proving useful for planning future undertakings.Основное направление работы связано с пропагандой в литературных произведениях во время польско-советской войны. Война между Советской Россией и возрождающимся польским государством велась также при помощи формирования идеологической и пропагандистской действительности. Пропагандистское оружие было так же опасно, как военные средства. Советская пропаганда периода войны 1920 годa носила решительно антипольский характер. Политические лидеры, как, например, Ленин, верили, что, засыпав Польшу агитационной литературой, они смогут переломить ход военных событий. В работу советской пропагандистской машины были вовлеченыкак выдающиеся, так и посредственные деятели искусства (писатели, художники, актеры), которые выполняли поручения высших партийных лиц. Ключевую роль в этом деле должны были играть российские писатели и литература, создаваемая ими. Наиболее востребованные в этот период литературные деятели, как Владимир Маяковский и Демьян Бедный, отдали свои творческие таланты на службу антипольской пропаганде. Их творчество стало инструментом, используемым российскими коммунистами для борьбы с идеологическими врагами, которые выступали против распространения интернационализма – высшей формы советского империализма
O kulcie maryjnym Daniela Zielińskiego w świetle „Przedmowy” poprzedzającej „Szatę wzorzystą doskonałości” (1649)
Get PDFThis article presents the issues tackled in the “Preface” to Szata wzorzysta doskonałości, zakonnicę w oczach Boskich zdobiąca i wszelkim stanom ludzi żyć duchownie pragnących pożyteczna (The Patterned Robe of Perfection Worn by the Nun before the Eyes of God and Useful to All People Wishing to Lead a Spiritual Life) (Kraków 1649) by Daniel Zieliński, a Bernadine from Alwernia. Noteworthy in this work, orientated toward awakening prayer activity and promoting religious life, is the dedication to Mary, which constitutes an expression of the tribute to Mary made by the author as well as a testimony of his personal experience. The article shows that the “Preface” was written for the purpose of the cult of Mary and constitutes a testimony of the spirituality of the post-tridentine era. The author also reflected on the cult of Mary in Polish Catholicism, as manifested in the christenings, scapulars and rosaries, Marian Sodalities, the increasing role of sanctuaries to Mary (including Jasna Góra, Kalwaria Zebrzydowska) and the related pilgrimage movement. The cult of Mary was spread through prayer books, sermons, religious poetry and devotional books.Przedmiotem artykułu jest problematyka „Przedmowy” poprzedzającej dzieło bernardyna z Alwerni Daniela Zielińskiego, pt. Szata wzorzysta doskonałości, zakonnicę w oczach Boskich zdobiąca i wszelkim stanom ludzi żyć duchownie pragnących pożyteczna (Kraków 1649). W druku tym, zorientowanym na pobudzenie aktywności modlitewnej oraz pielęgnowanie życia religijnego, zwraca uwagę poprzedzająca „Przedmowę” dedykacja skierowana do Maryi, będąca wyrazem złożonego Jej przez autora hołdu oraz świadectwem jego osobistych doświadczeń. Artykuł unaocznia, że „Przedmowa” duchownego napisana została także dla potrzeb kultu maryjnego jako świadectwo pobożności doby potrydenckiej. W publikacji podjęto również zagadnienie kultu maryjnego w siedemnastowiecznym katolicyzmie polskim, co odzwierciedlały nabożeństwa, bractwa szkaplerzne i różańcowe, sodalicje mariańskie, wzrastająca rola sanktuariów maryjnych (m.in. Jasna Góra, Kalwaria Zebrzydowska) oraz wiążący się z tym ruch pielgrzymkowy. Pobożność maryjna rozpowszechniała się dzięki modlitewnikom, kazaniom, poezji religijnej oraz użytkowym książkom dewocyjnym
Typology of the Reality Status Category in Selected Languages. Is the Habitual in Polish an Instance of (Ir)realis or Modality?
Get PDFThe present article is aimed at examining the category of the reality status by discussing the dichotomy “realis / irrealis” in the context of the categories of modality, habituality and futurity. Prototype analysis is juxtaposed with scope analysis, and the category of the habitual is discussed from the typological perspective as well as from the perspective of its connection with the category of futurity. The paper presents aspect diversity of habituals (perfective and imperfective aspect and its contextual implications) as well as the differentiation between the habitual and modality. A special focus is on the prototype analysis and its application instances in Polish, English and Hebrew. The primary objective of the paper is to show that, although it is possible to treat irrealis as notional category, the habituals in Polish and many other Slavic languages (e.g. Czech) should be identified with the modality domain rather than irrealis category. The paper is also an attempt to provide an insight into the distinction between (ir)realis and encoding systems of modalities as the habitual aspect displays modal category features in many languages (including Polish)
Marii Kuncewiczowej listy do zmarłego męża
Get PDFThe article discusses the last book of Maria Kuncewiczowa – a set of twenty-three letters (provided with a postscript) addressed to her deceased husband. The uniqueness of this correspondence, presented in literary form, lies in the fact that the recipient is dead, treated by the sender as someone constantly present in the real world and still associated with the temporality. Listy do Jerzego (Letters to Jerzy) are – as Tadeusz Swat, one of the reviewers say – “an attempt at denial of death, to save Jerzy by love, memory, and literature.”The analysis of the work highlights the occurring axiological categories. It has been demonstrated that Letters to Jerzy is a book about eternal love reaching beyond the grave (in this respect, in stark contrast with Tristan 1946), felt with dignity of old age, and finally transcending into faith. Letters to Jerzy is also an attempt to reduce the suffering of the writer over the loss of her beloved husband. To some extent, therefore, they correspond to her earlier work Cudzoziemka (Foreigner) in which Kuncewiczowa liberates from the negative emotions associated with the death of her mother.Artykuł traktuje o ostatniej książce Marii Kuncewiczowej – zbiorze dwudziestu trzech listów (zaopatrzonych postscriptum), kierowanych do zmarłego męża. Niezwykłość tej korespondencji, ujętej w literacką formę, polega na tym, że jej adresat nie żyje, a przez nadawcę traktowany jest jak ktoś stale obecny w realnym świecie, nadal związany z doczesnością. Listy do Jerzego są – jak powie jeden z recenzentów – „próbą zaprzeczenia śmierci, ocalenia Jerzego przez miłość, pamięć i literaturę”. W analizie utworu zwrócono uwagę na występujące w nim kategorie aksjologiczne. Dowiedziono, że Listy do Jerzego są książką o wiecznej miłości, sięgającej poza grób (w tym względzie wyraźnie kontrastują z Tristanem 1946), godnie przeżywanej starości, wreszcie dorastaniu do wiary. Listy do Jerzegosą także próbą zmniejszenia cierpień pisarki po stracie ukochanego męża. W jakimś stopniu przeto korespondują z Cudzoziemką, w której Kuncewiczowa uwalniała się od negatywnych emocji związanych z odejściem matki
Lokalizacijos ir garsinio vaizdavimo veiklų apžvalga
Get PDFVilniaus universiteto Kauno fakultetas (VU KnF) nuo 2012 metų vykdo bakalauro studijų programą „Audiovizualinis vertimas“: studentai mokomi dubliavimo, subtitravimo, užklotinio vertimo (angl. Voice-over), surtitravimo, subtitravimo kurtiesiems ir kitų audiovizualinio vertimo modų (rūšių) subtilybių. Nuo 2016 metų rudens čia vykdoma ir antrosios pakopos studijų programa tuo pačiu pavadinimu. Siekiama studentams suteikti ne tik teorinių žinių, bet ir kuo labiau ugdyti praktinius įgūdžius, todėl aktyviai dalyvaujama konferencijose, bendradarbiaujama su kitais VU padaliniais bei socialiniais partneriais, organizuojamos viešos teorinės paskaitos, praktiniai seminarai, studentai savo patirtį pritaiko atlikdami praktinius darbus. Šiame tekste siekiama apžvelgti su audiovizualinio vertimo modomis – lokalizavimu ir garsiniu vaizdavimu – susijusias 2016-ųjų metų veiklas, kuriose dalyvavo VU KnF studentai ir dėstytojai
Jurgio Baltrušaičio laiškai Giovanni’ui Papini’ui
Get PDFThe promethean program of Jurgis Baltrušaitis’ creation is especially distinctly expressed in the poet’sletters to Giovanni Papini. The world here is divided into two spheres – the earthly and the divine, andthe mission of the creator is to connect them. The letters also demonstrate the motives of promethean worldview which are not so obvious in J. Baltrušaitis’ poetry: the motive of a poet-prophet, clairvoyant; self-creation of a human-creator, development into a divine, perfect individuality that can re-build the world; pursuit of absolute creativity as complete freedom of the creator; faith in the human ability to build a tower that reaches the sky – revival of the myth of tower of Babel; defiance of idealistic attitude and earthliness and pursuit of divinity; exaltation of seeing, vision as the only connection with the world of ideas. J. Baltrušaitis’ and G. Papini’s correspondence allows relating J. Baltrušaitis’ creative work not only with the Russian but also with the European tradition of symbolism. The correspondence of the two promethean minded poets – prophets was interrupted by World War I which also ruined the mythologem as a belief in the possibility of changing the world, and by the October Revolution, following the war.Straipsnyje analizuojami Jurgio Baltrušaičio laiškuose Giovanni’ui Papini’ui atsiskleidžiantys prometėjiškos pasaulėjautos bruožai: poeto-pranašo, aiškiaregio motyvas; žmogaus-kūrėjo savikūra, augimas į dievišką, tobulą asmenybę, galinčią perkurti pasaulį; absoliutaus kūrybiškumo kaip visiškos kūrėjo laisvės siekimas; tikėjimas žmogaus pajėgumu pastatyti bokštą, siekiantį iki dangaus – Babelio bokšto mito atgijimas; idealistinės nuostatos, žemiškumo niekinimas ir dangiškumo siekimas; regėjimo, vizijos kaip vienintelės sąsajos su idėjų pasauliu išaukštinimas. J. Baltrušaičio laiškai G. Papini’iui leidžia teigti, kad poeto kūrybinės ambicijos nesiribojo vien asmenine erdve – kūryba siekta pakeisti pasaulį, transformuoti jį pagal idėjų pasaulio modelį, todėl prometėjiška programa apėmė ir politinę erdvę: J. Baltrušaitis, paveiktas slavofiliškų mesianistinių lūkesčių, jautėsi glaudžiai susijęs su Rusijos imperija. Dviejų kūrėjų susirašinėjimą nutraukė Pirmasis pasaulinis karas ir po jo įvykęs Spalio perversmas, pakirtęs tikėjimą prometėjiška kūrybos programa