Respectus Philologicus
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Oktawian Jeleński – Polak w carskim mundurze. O Rosjanach i relacjach polsko-rosyjskich w XIX wieku
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In his memoirs of a Pole, Oktawian Jeleński presented the life of soldiers, gentry, peasants, merchants, Russian women and Orthodox clergy in provinces. He also focused on Polish-Russian relations during the January Uprising. His observations deserve attention of the historians researching Polish-Russian relations in the 19th century. Without doubt, Jeleński supported conciliatory approaches, however, at the same time he would severely criticise actions of the Russian administration and police undertaken in order to weaken the Polish spirit, especially in the North-Western Krai. Jelenski believed that good Polish-Russian relations were possible to achieve. In his opinion, however, the Russian „patriotic historiography” and propaganda practiced by Moskowskije wiedomosti, whose editor was Mikhail Katkov, stood in the way. Jeleński’s memoirs are a clear demonstration that a Pole wearing a Tsar’s uniform did not have to deny his Polish identity and the Catholic religion.[straipsnis lenkų kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Oktawian Jeleński w swych „Rozmyślaniach i wspomnieniach Polaka” dokonał charakterystyki życia na prowincji wojskowych, ziemiaństwa, chłopów, kupiectwa, rosyjskich kobiet oraz duchowieństwa prawosławnego. Wiele uwagi poświęcił również relacjom polsko-rosyjskim w dobie powstania styczniowego. Wiele jego spostrzeżeń zasługuje na uwagę historyków podejmujących problematykę relacji polsko-rosyjskich w XIX wieku. Niewątpliwie Jeleński stał na pozycjach ugodowych, ale zdecydowanie poddawał krytyce wszelkie przedsięwzięcia rosyjskiego aparatu administracyjno-policyjnego, zmierzające do osłabienia ducha polskiego, zwłaszcza w Kraju Północno-Zachodnim. Jeleński wierzył w ułożenie dobrych relacji polsko-rosyjskich. Jego zdaniem na przeszkodzie stała jednakże rosyjska „patriotyczna historiografia” i propaganda uprawiana przez „Moskowskije wiedomosti” («Московские ведомости»), których redaktorem był Michaił Katkow. Wspomnienia Jeleńskiego są świadectwem na to, że Polak noszący carski mundur nie musiał się wypierać polskości i religii katolickiej
Taras Shevchenko Translated and Retranslated by Vera Rich: A Lifelong Search for Poetic Perfection
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The article deals with the translator’s laboratory of Faith Elizabeth Joan Rich, better known by her pen name Vera, which is the direct Ukrainian translation of Faith. The discussion focuses on post-publication self-revisions by Rich of her earlier translations from “The Kobzar” by the Ukrainian Romantic poet Taras Shevchenko (1814–1861) in subsequent printings, as well as on her reprinted and new translations of Shevchenko. The article details the numerous instances of self-editing by the translator, including two versions of the poem «Садок вишневий коло хати…» (“Beside the house, the cherry’s flowering…” and “Cherry-trees bloom by the house yonder…”). It also analyses the singability of translations by Rich, and in particular of the verses “Roaring and groaning rolls the Dnipro…” and “O my thoughts, my heartfelt thoughts, I am troubled for you…” The article concludes that in her strategy Rich has developed a holistic approach to translating Shevchenko’s “Kobzar”.[straipsnis ir santrauka anglų kalba
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No full text[text in English, Lithuanian and Polish][tekstas anglų, lenkų ir lietuvių kalbomis
Имплицитные элементы в структуре аргументации: проблемы интерпретации и способы восстановления
Get PDFThe article presents the author’s model of research of the enthymematic argumentation created on the basis of the analysis of the Russian language and the Belarusian language articles on the humanities. The concept is based on a convergent approach. Its effectiveness is provided by the ability to integrate critical and descriptive dimensions of reasoning through the joint application of cognitive and pragmatic methodology. Normative criteria are provided by cognitive (logical) analysis: it assumes the use of deductive inference, which makes it possible to verify the formal correctness and meaningful validity of the unexpressed premises. The description of the mechanisms of understanding the implicit knowledge and evaluating its relevance is made by carrying out pragmatic analysis: it is associated with the probabilistic inference, which allows us to derive communicative implicatures. In the creation and interpretation of implicatures errors are possible. They manifest themselves in quantitative and qualitative distortion ofimplicit information. Prevention of errors depends on the high level of argumentative competence of the proponent and the recipient. The regularities of using the implicative-inferential justification mechanism are identical in the Russian and Belarusian discourses of the humanities.Предлагается авторская модель исследования неполноструктурной аргументации, созданная на основе анализа русско- и белорусскоязычных статей по гуманитарным наукам. Основу концепции составляет конвергентный подход, эффективность которого обеспечивается возможностью интегрировать критическое и дескриптивное измерения аргументации путем совместного применения когнитивной и прагматической методологии. Нормативные критерии предоставляет когнитивный (логический) анализ: он предполагает использование дедуктивной инференции, позволяющей проверить формальную правильность и содержательную валидность энтимематического умозаключения. Описание механизмов понимания неявного знания и оценка его релевантности производится с помощью прагматического анализа: он связан с применением вероятностной инференции, позволяющей вывести коммуникативные импликатуры. В создании и толковании импликатур возможны погрешности, проявляющиеся в количественном и качественном искаженииинформации. Профилактикой ошибок служит высокий уровень аргументативной компетенции аргументатора и реципиента. Закономерности использования импликативно-инферентного механизма обоснования идентичны в русском и белорусском научных дискурсах
Nauja mokslinė monografija apie Lietuvos klasikės Juditos Vaičiūnaitės poezijos vertimus ir jų recepciją
Get PDFBERNOTIENĖ, G., 2016. Apie žodžių sandūros tikslumą: Juditos Vaičiūnaitės lyrikos vertimai ir vertinimai. Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas. 256 p.BERNOTIENĖ, G., 2016. Apie žodžių sandūros tikslumą: Juditos Vaičiūnaitės lyrikos vertimai ir vertinimai. Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas. 256 p
Kultūros, dialogo ir keliautojo apmąstymai tarptautinėse studentų dirbtuvėse Florencijoje
Get PDFDo you enjoy traveling? Probably there is no person with a negative response. Some of travellers are fast collectors of famous places, while others are just observers of culture and lifestyle. The third ones simply lost in tourism gaining popularity on social networks, while some like to travel on a virtual basis... But let us just imagine positive tourism which really helps to preserve cultural and historical values. Why are some countries already protecting themselves form tourists? Finally, just ask yourself what kind of tourist are you? an active user? a philosophical custodian? a passive observer? The Romualdo Del Bianco Foundation (Fondazione Romualdo Del Bianco®) gives the answers to these and many other questions. The foundation cares about the values and responsibility of tourism philosophy. The International Institute Life Beyond Tourism® promotes the transformation of tourism into meaningful travel. It motivates the consumer of commercial tourism to reflect on the cultural and philosophical value of travel and traveler.
I’d like to emphasize the goal of the Romualdo Del Bianco Foundation – an international integration of people from different cultures, countries and religions. The non-profit organization focuses on young people and believes they are more open to communication and knowledge of their peers’ traditions and culture in other countries. The Foundation maintains the international workshops for studentss in the city of Florence annually. Moreover, the one also organizes Intensive Training Courses for Trainers Life Beyond Tourism every year. Young people and teachers from all over the world are being invited to promote intercultural exchanges. The value of the beauty and versatility of various heritages relate to the power to promote cultural and personal exchanges of people. Students from different cultures can get acquainted, exchange knowledge and strengthen friendship through various meetings, exhibitions, concerts and other initiatives supported by the Fondation.
Nowadays, in the globalization era, any attracting heritage is radically being changed. On the one hand, it is the result of the international tourism being maintained by business. On the other hand, a hasty tourist usually has no motivation to establish friendly relations with the residents. Therefore a city seeks for an income and only works for tourists, thus, the mutual exchange of local communities and tourism users is usually confined to trading. Due to this, the improperly organized tourism undermines local culture and pushes the community out of town. Consequently this has already happened in Venice, Madrid, and many other historical cities. That is why the Foundation organizes many annual events which aim is to encourage tourists to become temporary residents and slowly enjoy the unique and distinctive spirit of the Florentine art and culture.
The 12th international students workshop took place at Florence on 5–12 November 2017. The organizers of the scientific event “Linguocultural Space of the City with Special Reference to Worl Famous People and Florentine Handicrafts” were the Foundation of Romualdo del Bianco, the International Institute Life Beyond Tourism® (Italy) and Ivanovo State University (Russia). The partners of project were University of Florence, Vilnius University, and Russian universities of Moscow and Kazan.
The first day of activities, 6th of November, has coincided with the first Sunday of the month. According to the order of the Minister of Italian Heritage, Culture and Tourism, the museum admission is free of charge every first Sunday of the month throughout the country. Therefore the delegations had a great opportunity to visit several museums of Florence.
Students and lecturers met on the second day at the Coppini Palace, where the Foundation was located. The visitors could visit the palace for free and look at the fondation collections of books and cultural souvenirs from all around the world. So, the event was opened by the founder Paolo Del Bianco. The participants were welcomed by the General Secretary of the Foundation Simone Giometti, and the leader of the International workshop professor Olga Karpova. Then the delegations presented their countries and universities. Afterwords the students discussed their homework – they introduced the activities of the local craftsmen from their cities. Finally, the lecturers highlighted future activities and assignments for students in the coming days of the workshop.
At the afternoon session participants were invited to attend the lecture “Tools for Studying the History of Italian Language” by dr. Cosimo Burgas (Italian Science Council and Institute for Opera del Vocabolario Italiano in Florence). The speaker revealed the patterns of the formation of common Italian language and focused our attention on the main sources – the works by Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarca, and Giovanni Boccaccio.
The 7th of November was devoted to the philosophy of Life Beyond Tourism®. The courses were delivered by Alesia Koush, a lecturer of the International Institute. The destructive and slow tourism, also the practical tasks were discussed actively.
The participants of the students workshop were invited to the graceful Strozzi Palace on Wednesday. The director of the Scientific and Literary Vieusseux Cabinet (Gabinetto Vieusseux) dr. Laura Desideri underlined the uniqueness of this place. Actually the Cabinet was founded by the Protestant merchant Giovanni Pietro Vieusseux in 1819 in the Florence Library. It is important to mention that this place has played a very siginificant role to bringing Italian culture to the European countries in the 19th century and became one of the main points of the Renaissance movement. Forasmuch as a variety of the world and European periodicals have been being accumulated and stored there it has been a space for reading, discussing and excanging ideas for florentians and travelers for years. In fact, 42 scientific and literary journals were registered in the Cabinet in 1820. In addition to numerous publications in Italian, there should be mentioned the periodicals in English The Edinburgh Review, The Quarterly Review, in German Morgenblatt, in French Revue encyclopédique, Bibliothèque universelle, Nouvelles Annales des voyages de la géographie et de l’histoire, Annales des mines. Eventually almost 700 subscriptions were issued that year. Each visitor of the Cabinet had to write down his / her name, nationality, country of origin, hotel name, dates of stay, the title of the publication in the Visitor’s Book. After all a crowd of prominent people became the visitors of the cabinet once or more in the 19th century: Arthur Schopenhauer, Stendhal, Giacomo Leopardi, Henry W. Longfellow, James Fenimore Cooper, Hector Berlioz, Walter Scott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, August von Platen, Franz Liszt, Napoleone Giuseppe Carlo Bonaparte, John James Ruskin, William Makepeace Thackeray, Robert Browning, Théophile Gautier, Émile Zola, Vittorio Emanuele, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Mikhail Bakunin, Mark Twain, Aldous Huxley, Joseph Rudyard Kipling, and others. Therefore the records of the visitors have revealed a lot of secrets to the researchers – what languages were being used by the visitors while signing, what kind of nationalities they were from, where they came from, where they were staying, and what they had been reading. Summarizing, the lecture “Famous Russains at the Gabinetto Vieusseux in the Nineteenth Century” needs to be emphasized. It was delivered by dr. Laura Desideri and discovered a number of unknown facts about the places in Florence being visited of the famous artists, politicians and artists.
Further the participants of the workshop visited the University of Florence and had a meeting with professor Marcello Garzaniti after lunch. They interacted with university students and shared the experience on the graduate writing methodology.
The late afternoon was devoted to the specific project of the Institute of Life Beyond Tourism® Vo per Botteghe – free initiative Life Beyond Tourism in order to let to know the traditional crafts of Florence and raise the awareness towards the identity of territory. The participants of the workshop received temporary Florence passports and visited a few of the city craftsmen. The first, one of the oldest European cosmetics and spice manufacturers store, is located in the Santa Maria Novella Monastery. They visited the Francesco family at Giorni Bookstore, where one can buy very ancient and rare books, for example, the travel format of “Comedy” by Dante Alighieri, or Enzo Ferrari book with his signature. And the last visited place was the Riccer family ceramics store.
Another day of the workshop was dedicated to the autonomous work of the groups in order to visit the Florentine Monuments with the project coordinators, since the visiting students were required to complete the tasks formulated by their curators at the begining of the event. Consequently, they were allowed to analyze the interfaces of linguocultural space of the city.
On the sixth day, the participants of the workshop visited the Laurentian Library at San Lorenzo Square (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana). In fact, this library was designed and implemented by Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni. This is the only non-religious work of this artist. Actually the library is one of the most important and most prestigious antique heritage centers in Italy. It stores nearly 11,000 manuscripts and about 4,500 early printed books. The Medici family had been the greatest patron of culture and art in Renaissance Florence for ages. The Medici had been accumulating and collecting manuscripts and books according to the criteria of quality and aesthetics. Thus, the library contains the unique manuscripts by Tacitus, Plinius, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Quintilianus, Virgilius, and other famous men.
The final discussion of the project activities took place at Coppini Palace. The students presented the works they had done during the week, and the lecturers assessed them. The exhibition of the students’ works Workshop “Linguocultural space of the city with special reference to the dictionary project” – Florence in the works of world famous people was organized. Finally, the certificates were granted to all the participants and the official closing of the workshop occured.
To sum up, the close cooperation ties have been established during the international workshop week between Vilnius University Kaunas Faculty and the Foundation, the International Institute Life Beyond Tourism®, and Ivanovo State University. The Memorandum of Cooperation between the Foundation and Vilnius University was signed in Florence on 3–4 March 2018 at the 20th General Assembly and International Symposium “Heritage for Planet Earth 2018”. Thus, lecturers and students of Vilnius university are invited to participate in the Foundation’s activities. Lecturers are invited to attend the courses and become Certified Trainers of the Life Beyond Tourism Movement at Vilnius university. The students and their lecturers are invited to participate in the 13th International Students Workshop in Florence on 5–11 November 2018. Undoubtedly, the purpose of the workshop is to develop more intensive cultural ties, while encouraging scientific and cultural cooperation between universities and research centers of the world in the linguocultural space of Florence
Kiekybinė parodomųjų įvardžių vartosena verstiniame ir neverstiniame tekste
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The article aims to estimate the distribution of demonstrative pronouns in the translated and nontranslated Lithuanian text as compared to the English original. The quantitative method and contrastive analysis based on the triangulation of data sources are used to reveal whether demonstrative pronouns show different distribution patterns in the English original and Lithuanian translation compared to the translated and non-translated Lithuanian text. The research material was collected from Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire by J. K. Rowling and a fantasy novel Hour of the Wolf by A. Tapinas. The preferences identified did not indicate significant differences in the tendencies for the use of demonstrative pronouns in the translated and non-translated text of Lithuanian fiction but revealed significant cross-linguistic contrasts in the quantitative use of demonstratives. It was therefore presumed that there was no communicative difference between the translated and non-translated Lithuanian fictional text due to the genre and language conventions for the use of deictics and that the Lithuanian text demonstrated a preference for a more pronounced pragmatic explicitness than the English language text.[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Šio straipsnio tikslas yra įvertinti parodomųjų įvardžių paplitimą verstiniame lietuvių kalbos tekste bei neverstiniame anglų ir lietuvių kalbos tekste. Taikomas kiekybinis metodas ir kontrastinė analizė, paremta duomenų šaltinių trianguliacija, siekiant atskleisti, ar parodomieji įvardžiai demonstruoja skirtingus paplitimo modelius originaliame anglų kalbos ir verstiniame lietuvių kalbos tekste, palyginti su verstiniu ir neverstiniu lietuvių kalbos tekstu. Tyrimo medžiaga rinkta iš J. K. Rowling knygos „Haris Poteris ir Ugnies taurė“ ir A. Tapino fantastinio romano „Vilko valanda“. Nustatytos vartosenos preferencijos neleido įžvelgti reikšmingų parodomojo įvardžio vartosenos tendencijų skirtumų verstiniame ir neverstiniame lietuvių kalbos grožinės literatūros tekste, tačiau pastebėti reikšmingi tarpkalbiniai kiekybinės vartosenos skirtumai. Keliamos prielaidos, kad komunikacinio skirtumo verstiniame ir neverstiniame lietuvių kalbos tekste nėra, nes laikomasi žanrui ir kalbai būdingų deiksės vartojimo konvencijų, ir kad lietuvių kalbos tekstuose dominuoja parodomojo įvardžio vartosenos preferencijos, darančios įtaką ryškesniam teksto pragmatiniam eksplicitiškumui, nei esantis anglų kalboje
From Verbal to Audiovisual Medium: The Case of the Cinematic Adaptation of R. L. Stevenson’s Novel “The Wrong Box”. Part II
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The paper attempts at the analysis of the narrational shifts between verbal and audiovisual mediums on the basis of R. L. Stevenson’s novel “The Wrong Box” (1989) and its cinematic adaptation under the same title by Bryan Forbes (1966). The authors approach adaptation as a complex phenomenon that experiences the creative tension between preserving fidelity to the source literary text and striving for filmic originality. Similarly to novels, movies represent an act and art of narration but they use different narrative strategies. In film narratives, deep focus, the length and scale of the shots, editing, montage, lighting, sound design, music, human voice etc. accompany the verbal medium. Modelled after literature, movies demonstrate the specific construal narrative components that are combined into coherent cinematic sequences.
When transfering R. L. Stevenson’s novel from fictional medium into cinematic medium, Forbes organises the relations of the narrative elements on an intertextual level thus fostering new expressive means. Such practice allows to project the cinematic narrator as a complex construct also given the possibility of being perceived as a speaking persona through an inventive use of intertitles. In fact, the adaptor is caught up in the farcical narrational game, provoking the viewer to actively participate in it.[straipsnis ir santrauka anglų kalba