Respectus Philologicus
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Acquisition of Noun Inflection in Lithuanian as a Foreign Language: a Qualitative Study
Full text linkThe aim of the research was to investigate how native speakers of Russian, which is a highly complex inflectional language, cope with the acquisition of the similar by structure and complexity Lithuanian language. The subjects were adults of different age and education who learned Lithuanian in Belarus. I analyse errors related to the acquisition of noun case. The errors are divided into formal (acquisition of endings) and conceptual ones (choice of the appropriate case). I shortly compare my results with the results of similar research conducted in Lithuania where the subjects were native speakers of different languages.The results of the study show that similar errors are typical for native speakers of different languages irrespective of their morphological complexity. A complex inflectional system of a native language is not necessarily beneficial, but it seems to give some advantages for the acquisition of semantic (not syntactic) cases
Nostalgia and National Identity: Idea of Revisiting the Past in Latvian Fiction
Full text linkOne of the most popular themes in Latvian literature which has regularly arisen at different stages of its development since the 19th century is the idea of returning to the roots, the depiction of a mythological world scene when people lived according to the rhythms of nature, in full harmony with themselves and the world. Ancient times are depicted as a time when Latvians felt free living at their farms and followed the rules of the mythical time. This peculiar feature which we analyse on the basis of literary works, describes vividly the nation’s collective consciousness, desires, and needs. The need for emphasizing the idealised ancient times in the nation’s consciousness is related to the most significant transitional stages in the development of the country, which are characterised by the increased attention to the issues of national identity. During difficult stages in history, nosta lgia is a security mechanism which looks for stability in the past which we do not have in the present. The aim of the paper is to see how the nostalgic reflection on the idealized ancient times in the Latvian literature is related to the pivotal stages in the country’s history when special attention was paid to the national awareness and identity issues
Lūžio žmogaus problema Vytauto Martinkaus romane „Simonija“: literatūros etikos aspektas
Full text linkThe author of the thesis uses Literary Ethics as a theoretical instrument and analyses the portrait of human dealing with turning-point in Vytautas Martinkus’s novel Simonija. The novel corresponds to the features of the turning-point literature marked in the dissertation of V. Katinienė: the thematic level emphasizes a change of historical (political) order and its existential problems; in thoughts, dreams, memories characters go back to the period of totalitarianism; the contrast between “homo sovieticus” and individuals of the free world is emphasized. The analysis of ethical conflicts in Simonija is presented, having in mind specific cultural context during the Soviet period and emphasizing the process of writing as a particular ethical situation and a way to reflect human’s experience. Vytautas Martinkus offers appropriate “snoumenizm” notion for summarizing human’s experience during the Soviet periodperiod. In essence, dehumanizing, painful experience of the Soviet era does not abandon human even in the period of freedom and forces him to go back to the past – physical presence in the world of restored independence does not free him from inner stagnation. In this paper, it is shown that Literary Ethics is asuitable theoretical instrument in order to analyze text about human’s experience at turning-point.Straipsnyje, pasitelkus literatūros etikos teoriją, analizuojamas lūžio žmogaus paveikslas Vytauto Martinkaus romane Simonija. Romanas atitinka lūžio literatūros bruožus, išskiriamus Violetos Katinienės disertacijoje: teminiame lygmenyje akcentuojamas istorinis (politinis) lūžis ir jo suponuoti vidiniai konfliktai; mintimis, sapnais, prisiminimais persikeliama į totalitarizmo laikotarpį; iškeliamas kontrastas tarp „homo sovieticus“ ir laisvo pasaulio asmenų. Etinių romano konfliktų analizė atskleidžia, kad rašymo situacija pateikiama kaip būdas reflektuoti, įprasminti ir permąstyti tarybmečio patirtis; dehumanizuojanti, skaudi sovietmečio patirtis lūžio žmogaus neapleidžia net laisvės laikotarpiu ir verčia gręžtis atgal į praeitį – fizinis buvimas atkurtos nepriklausomybės pasaulyje neišlaisvina nuo vidinės stagnacijos. Šią, atrodo, esminę lūžio žmogaus būseną apibendrina ir taikliai įvardija Vytauto Martinkaus vartojama „snoumenizmo“ sąvoka. Analizuojant šį romaną, kuriame lūžio žmogaus refleksija yra viena svarbiausių temų, ryškėja, kad literatūros etikos teorija yra itin parankus instrumentas bandant kalbėti apie tokio pobūdžio ir tematikos tekstus
Interview with Prof. Frederic Chaume
Full text linkOn the 19th of September 2019 Vilnius University, Kaunas Faculty welcomed a world-class researcher, Professor of audiovisual translation at Universitat Jaume I (Spain) and Honorary Professor at University College London (UK) Frederic Chaume. During a five-day visit, he presented a series of lectures and workshops titled Multimodal Research in Audiovisual Translation: Translation Paradigm of AVT Products in 2019
Eilėraštis kaip komunikatas: Onės Baliukonės lyrikos komunikatyvumas
Full text linkThis article presents the creation of art – a poesy – in the context of the theory of communication. Multimeaning of the concept of communication supposes plenty of attitudes and considerations and complexity of definition. There exist two different schools of communication studies, one being the process school and the other being the semiotic school. The process school is cantered on the transmission of messages and understanding the effects of it. The semiotic school focuses on communication being a production and exchanging of meanings. It researches how messages and texts interact with people. Since the creation of art is considered as communiqué, so its conveying content relates with, a spiritual link a creator and a perceiver. The article discusses a poem as a communiqué, its place in the structure of the process and semiotic communication models. The article also discusses poesy as a message and its communicativeness, informativeness, and importance. O. Baliukonė’s poetry was taken to implement this aim. The fulfilled research demonstrated that O. Baliukonė actively communicates with a reader through her poems. Decoding is the same creative process as encoding; thus, in this article, attention is paid to the poet’s and also to a reader’s creation of the meaning of a message.Šiame straipsnyje bandoma atidžiau pažvelgti į poezijos meno kūrinį – eilėraštį – komunikacijos teorijos kontekste. Komunikacijos sąvokos daugiaprasmiškumas suponuoja požiūrių ir svarstymų gausą bei definicijos sudėtingumą. Egzistuoja dvi skirtingos komunikacijos studijų mokyklos – proceso ir semiotinė. Pirmoji į komunikaciją žiūri kaip į pranešimų perdavimą, antroji – reikšmių kūrimą ir keitimąsi jomis. Kadangi meno kūrinys yra laikomas komunikatu, tai jo perteikiamas turinys susieja dvasiniais ryšiais kūrėją ir suvokėją. Straipsnyje apžvelgta ir ištirta Onės Baliukonės eilėraščių kaip komunikato vieta procesinių ir semiotinių komunikacijos modelių struktūroje, taip pat aptartas meno kūrinio (eilėraščio) kaip pranešimo komunikatyvumas, informatyvumas, tikslingumas bei reikšmingumas. Atlikus tyrimą, įsitikinta, kad, nors O. Baliukonės lyrikoje dažnai žinia užkoduota išplėtotais ir siauro vartojimo kodais, poetė eilėraščiais aktyviai komunikuoja su skaitytoju, taip veikdama skaitytojo dvasinę būseną. Iškodavimas yra toks pat kūrybingas, kaip ir užkodavimas, todėl straipsnyje dėmesys kreipiamas ir poetės, ir skaitytojo reikšmių kūrimui
Lost in Translation: Narrative Perspective Silenced by the Voice of the Translator
Full text linkThis study compares passages from four novels by the renowned Albanian author Ismail Kadare with their English translations: Prilli i thyer (Broken April, 1990 [1980]), Kronika në gur (Chronicle in Stone, 2007 [1971]), Vajza e Agamemnonit (The Daughter of Agamemnon, 2006 [2003]) and Pallati i ëndrrave (The Palace of Dreams, 2011 [1999]). It uses the linguistic analysis of style in the source and the target languages aiming to identify the modification of narrative perspectives during the translation process. The stylistic comparison of the original with translated versions demonstrates the shift from the internal perspective to the narratorial perspective of narration, which may be the result of the translator’s inclination to explain. In Kadare’s novels which have been translated from French, the tendency to make a clear borderline between narrative voices is evident. The translator’s lack of ability to pick out stylistic features indicating the internal perspective of the character impacts the mental representation produced by the reader of the translated text. The shift from the character’s to the narrator’s perspective influences not only the reader’s attitude towards the culture narrated in the text but also the way how the identity of the narrator is construted. Consequently, the imposed narratorial voice in the translated Kadare’s novels gives a different impression from the non-intrusive narration that the author managed to create in the communist regime
Cross-linguistic Metaphorical Representation of the #MeToo Movement: Communicating Attitudes
Full text linkThe article focuses on the metaphorical conceptualisation of the #MeToo movement, which has spread virally as a hashtag used on social media in an attempt to demonstrate the widespread prevalence of sexual assault and harassment. The #MeToo movement as a social issue is looked at from the perspective of Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) (Charteris-Black 2005/2011, 2014, Musolff 2004, 2016, Koller 2014, De Landtsheer 2009, Hart 2010). CMA is a blend of Cognitive Metaphor Theory and Critical Discourse Analysis that aims at identifying how metaphors are used to describe socially contested issues and how they reveal speakers’ hidden intentions and attitudes (Charteris-Black, 2014, p. 174). CMA is also concerned with the different functions metaphors may perform. A predicative function, being one of many, is most likely to explain how socially sensitive issues are communicated (Charteris-Black, 2014, pp. 204-207; Musolff, 2016, p. 4). In other words, it implies positive or negative attitudes expressed towards certain issues. Thus, the paper aims to study how the predicative function of metaphor manifests in the discourse of contemporary social concerns cross-linguistically and cross-culturally. In other words, the paper looks into how different attitudes towards the #MeToo movement are communicated via metaphors in Lithuanian and English media and how they shape prevailing public attitudes
Means of Creating the Media Image of a Candidate to the Post of Mayor through Contextual Argumentation (on the materials of the texts about the 2018–2019 elections in Moscow, Vilnius and Belgrade)
Full text linkIn political cultures of a number of countries, the creation of a politician’s media image is based on the fundamental principle of his/her work being formulated as the achievement of the goal of ensuring a nation’s well-being and a country’s development. The present article demonstrates concrete similarities and differences discernible in the construction of a politician’s media image in the Russian, Lithuanian and Serbian media discourses from a rhetorical perspective. The methodological basis of the investigation is provided by the ideas of the new rhetoric and Ch. Perelman and L. Olbrechts-Tyteca’s assumption concerning the fact that the speaker’s ideas are accepted (or not accepted) by the audience not depending on the degree of the strictness of logical propositions and conclusions, but rather on the fact of whether the hearers have adhered to the grounds given by the speaker. Consequently, a researcher analysing the ways text influences the consciousness of those receiving it may identify shared truths and value judgements. On the basis of the analysis of contextual argumentation used for the creation of the media image of the candidates for the post of mayor in the three media discourses, an attempt to establish shared truths and values as well as certain regularities in the process of media image creation characteristic of the Russian, Lithuanian and Serbian media discourses has been made