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Hypericum lanceolatum Lam. Medicinal Plant: Potential Toxicity and Therapeutic Effects Based on a Zebrafish Model
No full textInternational audienceHypericum lanceolatum Lam. (H. lanceolatum) is a traditional medicinal plant from Reunion Island used for its pleiotropic effects mainly related to its antioxidant activity. The present work aimed to 1) determine the potential toxicity of the plant aqueous extract in vivo and 2) investigate its putative biological properties using several zebrafish models of oxidative stress, regeneration, estrogenicity, neurogenesis and metabolic disorders. First, we characterized the polyphenolic composition by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and identified chlorogenic acid isomers, quercetin and kaempferol derivatives as the major compounds. We then evaluated for the first time the toxicity of an aqueous extract of H. lanceolatum and determined a maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC) in zebrafish eleutheroembryos from 0 to 96 hpf following OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. This MNTC test was also determined on hatched eleutheroembryos after 2 days of treatment (from 3 to 5 dpf). In our study, the anti-estrogenic effects of H. lanceolatum are supported by the data from the EASZY assay. In a tail amputation model, we showed that H. lanceolatum at its MNTC displays antioxidant properties, favors immune cell recruitment and tissue regeneration. Our results also highlighted its beneficial effects in metabolic disorders. Indeed, H. lanceolatum efficiently reduces lipid accumulation and body mass index in overfed larva- and adult-models, respectively. In addition, we show that H. lanceolatum did not improve fasting blood glucose levels in a hyperglycemic zebrafish model but surprisingly inhibited neurogenesis impairment observed in diabetic conditions. In conclusion, our study highlights the antioxidant, pro-regenerative, anti-lipid accumulation and pro-neurogenic effects of H. lanceolatum in vivo and supports the use of this traditional medicinal plant as a potential alternative in the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic disorders
Characterization of the mechanical behaviour of a thermal insulating polyisocyanurate foam
No full textNational audienceThe industrial risk management, on Seveso sites and their surroundings against accidental or malicious explosions, requires managing the protection of buildings from dynamic loadings such as shockwaves. The use of sacrificial claddings systems, composed of insulating materials and metals, seems to be an interesting lead, combining building protection and energy efficiency.In this work, a polyisocyanurate foam, which is a plastic thermal insulating material, was studied. The mechanical characterization under dynamic loadings of this very low-density material remains mostly incomplete to this day.Unconfined and confined compression tests for quasistatic loadings are carried out using a universal compression machine. A follow-up by a high-resolution camera associated with digital image correlation technique are useful to identify the mechanical properties, to observe the strain heterogeneity and to track the propagation of compaction waves in the material.The “Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars” device is used for the study of the mechanical response's sensitivity to the speed loading. Unconfined and confined compression tests are also conducted using this device. These tests highlight the strain rate dependency of the plateau stress. A high-speed camera associated with digital image correlation technique also allows us to observe the strain heterogeneity and to determine the compaction wave celerity
A holistic contribution to fast innovation in electric vehicles : An overview of the DEMOBASE research project
No full textInternational audienceThis paper is a contribution to fasten integration of battery pack innovation in commercial Electric Vehicles (EV) through massive digitalization: a seamless process detailed for battery design, battery safety, and battery management. Selected results of studies carried out on the EV value chain from design to recycling steps are presented, highlighting the importance of seamless integration and holistic state of mind when designing EV. Association between experimental and numerical approaches for efficient innovative EV production is crucial to achieve easy commercialisation. Successful forecasting of aging and thermal runaway evolution from single cell failure at module level using such methods illustrates their great potential. Hardware key counterparts under development are also introduced and give an idea of future architecture of EV battery packs and overall improvement of EV energy efficiency. Finally, a flexible and easily modifiable solution for battery electric vehicle (BEV) that allows rapid and cost-effective integration of future innovation is presented. This paper globally illustrates key breakthroughs gained in the context of the collaborative research project named ‘DEMOBASE’, for DEsign and MOdelling for improved BAttery Safety and Efficiency successfully submitted for funding by the European Commission in response to a 2017 call dedicated to ‘Green Vehicles’ under the EU Horizon 2020 work programme “Smart, green and integrated transport”
Application de l'impression 3D-sable pour l'étude du comportement mécanique des joints rocheux associé à leur morphologie
No full textInternational audienceApplication de l'impression 3D-sable pour l'étude du comportement mécanique des joints rocheux associé à leur morphologi
Bio-analytical assessment of primary vs. aged biomass burning emissions
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Risk and environmental impact assessment for a salt cavern hydrogen storage
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Case analysis of seismicity related to the exploitation of deep geothermal energy
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Indicateur de la pression de pollution chimique sur le bassin de la Seine : rapport d'avancement d'un test de faisabilité
No full textL’objectif de ce travail est de développer un indicateur permettant d’évaluer la pression de pollution chimique s’exerçant sur le bassin de la Seine. Le but est d’essayer de reconstituer l’évolution de cette pression sur une période passée, et de réaliser une projection future. Ce rapport fait suite à un précédent rapport dans lequel une proposition d’indicateur a été exposée et argumentée. Il décrit la phase de collecte et de traitement des données pour un essai de mise en œuvre sur environ 150 produits chimiques variés (pesticides, produits chimiques industriels, médicaments, HAP...), sur une période rétrospective (2015-2020) et un calcul prospectif à l‘horizon 2030. Il rappelle la définition de l’indicateur, décrit les sources de données utilisées, et la façon dont les données manquantes ont été complétées. Le rapport présente le travail qui reste à réaliser pour conclure le projet, notamment en ce qui concerne les données pour lesquelles des incertitudes ou des lacunes existent
An anisotropic elastoplastic, damage and viscoplastic model and its application to hydromechanical modelling of a drift at the MHM-URL
No full textInternational audienceIn France, the National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Andra) built the Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground Research Laboratory (MHM-URL) in the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone formation. The objectives of this URL is to assess the feasibility and safety of an industrial radioactive waste repository (Cigéo) and now to optimize different components of Cigéo. A thorough scientific research program, including specific in situ experiments, laboratory tests, both constitutive and numerical modellings, has been undertaken to characterize and to understand the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) behavior of the COx claystone. Based on experimental data, a constitutive model including, anisotropic elastoplasticity, damage and viscoplasticity is proposed to describe the hydromechanical behavior of this rock. This model has been implemented into Comsol Multiphysic© software and then applied to GCS drift
