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Le projet H2020 PROMISCES : pour une économie circulaire exempte de PFAS ?
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Développement d'une méthodologie pour la caractérisation des risques toxicologiques liés à la pollution particulaire en enceintes ferroviaires souterraines
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Association entre la pollution atmosphérique ambiante et les ventes de médicaments contre l'asthme et les allergies pour 63 millions d'habitants de France métropolitaine en 2013
No full textInternational audienceAir pollution is known to be associated with several morbidities. Drug sales are a good indicator of the course of a disease.The aim of this study is to assess the short-term effects of air pollution on the sales of asthma and allergy medications inmetropolitan France. The applied generalized additive model (GAM) demonstrated a significant association betweennitrogen dioxide (NO2) and airborne particles 10 μm in diameter or less (PM10) and the sale of asthma drugs and allergies.La pollution atmosphérique est connue pour être associée à plusieurs morbidités et mortalités. Les ventes de médicamentsconstituent un bon indicateur de l’évolution d’une pathologie. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer les effets à court termede la pollution de l'air sur les ventes de médicaments contre l’asthme et les allergies en France métropolitaine. Le modèleadditif généralisé (GAM) appliqué a mis en évidence une association significative entre le dioxyde d’azote (NO2) et lesparticules en suspension ≤10 μm de diamètre (PM10) et la vente de médicaments contre l’asthme et les allergies
Are the specific hazards of endocrine disruptors sufficiently considered by the regulations? Analysis and proposals for the protection of aquatic organisms
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Linking biomarker dynamics to the internal concentration of BPA using a PBTK-TD in three-spined stickleback
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Effets combinés de l’éthinylestradiol et du réchauffement climatique sur la physiologie et la dynamique de population de l’épinoche à trois-épines
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The LILAS project: analysis of applying participatory approaches such as Living Labs to research on multiple environmental exposures and chronic risks
No full textInternational audienceLe projet LILAS : analyse de l'application des approches participatives sur les multi-expositions environnementales et les risques chroniques Résumé. Contexte : Les recherches participatives en santé-environnement restent encore peu développées en France. Les objectifs poursuivis par les recherches en santé environnement (par exemple : estimer des expositions et/ou des effets, tester des actions préventives) et les méthodes employées à ces fins sont variées. Les opportunités d'une plus grande implication de la société civile et les défis associés diffèrent à chaque étape de ces recherches. Ces aspects demandent à être mieux appréhendés collectivement. Le projet LILAS visait, en amont du développement de futurs projets concrets de recherches participatives sur les multi-expositions environnementales, à (1) favoriser une bonne compréhension commune des principales problématiques et méthodes de recherche en santé-environnement, de leurs enjeux, prérequis, forces et limites, et à (2) identifier les bénéfices et points de vigilance liés à l'introduction de plus fortes dimensions participatives dans ces recherches. Méthode adoptée : Le projet LILAS a identifié et rassemblé des chercheurs institutionnels, académiques et acteurs de la société civile (associations loi 1901) intéressés par les multi-expositions (chimiques, radiologiques). Cinq réunions ont permis d'identifier collectivement différents types d'études et de réfléchir sur les apports, limites et prérequis méthodologiques relatifs à l'introduction de différents degrés de participation dans celles-ci. Une matrice résumant ces aspects a été co-construite puis alimentée par les participants, en s'inspirant des approches Living Lab (soit laboratoire vivant). Résultats : Pour différents types d'études (études d'estimations d'expositions, d'interventions sur celles-ci, évaluations de risques sanitaires, études épidémiologiques, expérimentales, études sur la santé des écosystèmes, etc.), la matrice élaborée en commun liste les bénéfices attendus pour différentes parties prenantes, les principes fondamentaux des méthodes employées et contraintes pratiques associées, les avantages et limites relatifs à l'emploi d'approches participatives (notamment les Living Labs) ou plus « classiques ». Conclusion : Le projet LILAS a permis de poser des bases consolidées pour la co-construction de projets de recherches participatives sur les multi-expositions environnementales
Vented gas explosion overpressure calculation based on a multi-layered neural network
No full textInternational audienceThe case of a gas explosion occurring in a geometrically simple enclosure, equipped with a vent is considered. It is well known in the gas explosion scientific community that the calculation of the reduced explosion overpressure, determinant in safety studies, is not trivial. Not only there is a strong dependency on the chemical kinetics of the combustible but also on the enclosure geometry, the fluid flow, the vent mechanical behaviour, shape, etc … As a result, the modelling of the physics at stake is challenging, a wide range of models are proposed in the scientific literature and this reference situation is still the object of extensive research. A new simulation approach ignoring a large part of the underlying physics is investigated. It is based on the use of an artificial neural network (ANN). The focus is given on the method of use and results obtained with the ANN rather than on the neural network itself. Our observations are discussed within the scope of industrial safety problems. Calculations performed with the relatively simple ANN proposed in the official TensorFlow tutorial, on a vented explosion database containing 268 tests, led to surprisingly good results considering the ANN implementation efforts. The tool might look promising but is also far from being as trivial as it seems at a first glance: not only the results of simulations obtained with this type of model must be examined with the greatest care but also the initial data base must be very well controlled. Routes are proposed to enhance the initial database and perform relevant analyses of the neural network predictions
Assessment of an NDL-PCBs Sequestration Strategy in Soil Using Contrasted Carbonaceous Materials through In Vitro and Cucurbita pepo Assays
No full textInternational audienceFeatured Application A sequestration-based remediation strategy using several types of carbonaceous amendments and its potential to reduce transfer to plants. The present study aims to assess the respective efficiency of Biochars (BCs) and activated carbons (ACs) to limit PCB 101, 138, 153 and 180 transfer to plants. A set of 6 high carbon materials comprising 3 BCs and 3 ACs was tested and used to amend a soil at 2% rate. Then, the two most efficient carbonaceous materials were used as an amendment of an historically contaminated soil sampled in the St Cyprien vicinity (Loire, France). An environmental availability assessment was performed using the ISO/DIS 16751 Part A assay (n = 3). For the in vivo part, Cucurbita pepo were grown for 12 weeks. Significant decreases of transfer were found for both assays notably for powdered ACs (up to 98%). By contrast, significantly lower levels of transfer reduction were observed when BCs amendments were performed, ranging from 27 to 80% for environmental availability assessment and 0 to 36% for C. pepo. Reduction factors above 90% for the 2 selected materials were found from amended historically contaminated soils. Present results led to consider such a sequestering strategy as valuable to ensure plant production on non-dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (NDL-PCBs) contaminated soils
Assessment of cortisol secretory pattern in workers chronically exposed to ELF-EMF generated by high voltage transmission lines and substations
No full textInternational audienceWe investigated the effects of extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs; 50 Hz) on the secretion of cortisol in 14 men (mean age = 38.0 +/- 0.9 years) working in extra-high voltage (EHV) substations. The workers dwelt in houses that were close to substations and high-voltage lines. Thus, they had long histories (1-20 years) of long-yerm exposure to ELF-EMFs. Magnetic field strength was recorded using Emdex dosimeters worn by the volunteers day and night for seven days; the one-week geometric mean ranged from 0.1 to 2.6 mu T. Blood samples were taken hourly from 20:00 to 08:00 the next morning. Cortisol concentrations and patterns were compared to age-matched, unexposed control subjects whose exposure level was ten times lower. The comparison of the control group (n = 15) and the groups exposed to fields of 0.1-0.3 mu T (n = 5) and > 0.3 mu T (n = 9), respectively, revealed a significant effect of field intensity on the cortisol secretory pattern. This study strongly suggests that chronic exposure to ELF-EMFs alters the peak-time serum cortisol levels. Studies are required on the effect of this disruption in high-risk populations such as children, elderly people, and patients with cancer