HAL-INERIS
Not a member yet
8807 research outputs found
Sort by
Caractérisation et évaluation de l’aléa versant rocheux sous-cavé
No full textInternational audienceWhen cliffs have mines giving access to underground cavities, we speak of mined cliffs. The ground movement hazard must then take into account both the cliff and the cavity. There is no specific methodology for determining the mined rocky cliff. In view of this, Ineris and Cerema have joined forces to propose a common methodology for evaluating the mined cliff hazard.Lorsque des falaises présentent des cavages donnant accès à des cavités souterraines, on parle de versants sous-cavés. L’aléa mouvement de terrain doit alors prendre en compte l’interaction entre le versant et la cavité. Or, il n’existe pas de méthodologie spécifique pour déterminer l’aléa versant rocheux sous-cavé. L’Ineris et le Cerema se sont donc associés pour proposer une approche méthodologique commune
Mouvements de terrain lies à la dissolution du gypse : mécanismes et méthodologie d’évaluation de l’aléa
No full textInternational audienceIn most contexts where gypsum is underlying the ground surface, dissolution mechanisms can occur and lead to the creation of underground voids and potentially to severe ground movements on surface. The understanding of the mechanisms involved and their translation in terms of hazards are defined through a methodology applicable to all gypsum contexts.Dans la plupart des contextes où le gypse est sous-jacent à la surface du sol, des mécanismes de dissolution peuvent se produire et conduire à la création de vides souterrains susceptibles de remonter à la surface. La compréhension des mécanismes et leur traduction en termes d’aléa sont définies au travers d’une méthodologie applicable à l’ensemble des contextes gypseux
Opportunités et contraintes du stockage souterrain d’énergie dans le cadre de la transition énergétique
No full textInternational audienceThe development of renewable energies requires storage solutions. The underground storage solutions allow to reach large volumes with more security. Opportunities, risks and R & D paths related to the solutions closest to industrial development are presented here: storage in chemical (hydrogen), mechanical (compressed air), hydraulic (underground PHS) or thermal form (heat, cold).Le développement des énergies renouvelables nécessite des solutions de stockage, dont le stockage en souterrain qui permet d’atteindre de gros volumes. On présente les opportunités, les risques et les pistes de R&D liés aux solutions les plus proches d’un développement industriel : stockage sous forme chimique (hydrogène), mécanique (air comprimé), hydraulique (STEP souterraine) ou thermique (chaleur, froid)
Combined experimental and modeling approaches of the thermal runaway of fresh and aged lithium-ion batteries
No full textInternational audienceLi-ion secondary rechargeable batteries are becoming the preferred solution to store energy on board of new generation electric and hybrid vehicles or manage renewable energy in stationary applications. However, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are still suffering limited lifetime, high cost and significant safety issues increasing their time to mass market. Thermal runaway is still nowadays considered as a major hazard of LIBs. This multiscale and multistep phenomenon originating at the microscale level potentially leads to uncontrolled fire and explosion of the battery. This work is focused on the development and validation of a 3D physical model of the LIB electro-thermal behavior nearby thermal runaway conditions. A combined modeling and experimental investigation provides a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to thermal runaway of LIBs, and of the ageing influence on this process. One major outcome of this work is also the proven fact that calendar ageing leads to a delayed onset of the cell self-heating temperature with a thermal runaway starting at a lower temperature. This is supported by computer simulations showing that the thickening of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) hinders the diffusion of Li ions, which delays the degradation of the negative electrode and the occurrence of thermal runaway. HIGHLIGHTS Development of an original 3D thermal runaway model including calendar ageing. Model includes 3D thermal, 3D chemical reaction, and 0D calendar ageing sub-models. Calibration of the model for cylindrical 26650 LFP/C cells using a BTC. Validation of the model for fresh as well as 10% and 30% aged cells in oven tests. Fresh and aged cells are compared in terms of critical temperatures under overheatin
Effect-based and chemical analytical methods to monitor estrogens under the European Water Framework Directive
No full textInternational audienceThe European Decision EU 2015/495 included three steroidal estrogens, estrone, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinyl estradiol, in the “watch-list” of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). As consequence, these substances have to be chemically monitored at the level of their environmental quality standards, which can be challenging. This project aimed to identify reliable effect-based methods (EBMs) for screening of endocrine disrupting compounds, to harmonise monitoring and data interpretation methods, and to contribute to the current WFD review process. Water and wastewater samples were collected across Europe and analysed using chemical analyses and EBMs. The results showed that 17β-estradiol equivalents were comparable among methods, while results can vary between methods based on the relative potencies for individual substances. Further, derived 17β-estradiol equivalents were highly correlated with LC-MS/MS analyses. This study shows that the inclusion of effect-based screening methods into monitoring programmes for estrogens in surface waterbodies would be a valuable complement to chemical analysis
OpenRiskNet : an open E-infrastructure to support data sharing, knowledge integration, and in silico analysis and modeling in risk assessment
No full textInternational audienc
Toxicological profiling of water samples with in vitro bioassays and assessment using effect-based trigger values
No full textInternational audienceIn vitro bioassays including cell-based bioassays and low-complexity whole-organism assays have been applied for decades in water quality monitoring. However, there is no common understanding what level or response is acceptable. As of now, bioassay results were only benchmarked against each other but not against an absolute measure of chemical water quality. The EU environmental quality standards (EQS) differentiate between poor and acceptable surface water concentrations for individual chemicals of concern but cannot capture the thousands of chemicals that are in water and their biological action as mixtures. We developed a method that reads across from existing EQS and makes additional mixture considerations to assure that the derived EBT are protective for complex mixtures as they occur in surface water. The EBT derivation method was applied to 48 in vitro bioassays with 37 of them having sufficient information to yield preliminary EBTs. 30 of those were considered robust enough to pursue further and for the remainder it is necessary to obtain more experimental data for single chemicals but also to derive more EQS values. To assess the practicability and robustness of the proposed approach, we tested the EBTs numerous case studies from the literature where wastewater treatment plants and surface water were evaluated with bioanalytical tools. In this presentation, we highlight specifically case studies from the EU project SOLUTIONS, where water quality was assessed in large streams (e.g., Danube), hot spots of contamination (e.g., disposal of untreated wastewater into the Danube in Novi Sad) and influence of wastewater treatment plant effluent into small creeks (case study of small Rhine tributaries in Switzerland). In many cases the proposed EBTs were able to differentiate wastewater from surface water and EBTs for different bioassays gave very consistent results indicating the benefit of a common derivation method. Despite the limitations due to limited effect data availability and limitations of the existing lists of EQS, the proposed generic methods to derive EBTs is a first step to harmonise existing approaches and explore various different options of a large diversity of in vitro bioassays commonly applied for water quality assessment. Acknowledgement – This study was a joint effort of the EU project SOLUTIONS (grant 603437) and the workgroup bioassays of the NORMAN network
OVERCOME THE STEREOTYPES OF MANAGEMENT ABOUT ACTIONS (STEREOTYPES-ACTIONS) BY PROPOSING NEW GUIDING PRINCIPLES
No full textInternational audienc
La normalisation de méthodes de mesure pour valoriser les résultats de la recherche en écotoxicologie terrestre. Fiche thématique N°18 - Réseau Ecotox
No full textEffets d'un mélange de produits pharmaceutiques dans un écosystème modèle d'eau douce
No full text[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [ADD1_IRSTEA]Systèmes aquatiques soumis à des pressions multiplesInternational audienceOwing to their ecological importance, freshwaters provide important services which leads to a strong societal demand concerning the preservation of their quality. They are the receptors of many contaminants emitted by human activities and more specifically by wastewater treatment plants effluents. Water resources of the Meuse watershed are used on both sides of the French-Belgian border which involves a coherent and joint management. In that framework, the DIADeM project suggests developing and spreading out a cross-border multidisciplinary approach to improve the diagnosis and the chemical and biological (biomarkers) monitoring of freshwaters using the Meuse river as a case study. In the past, results from chemical surface water monitoring of the Meuse has revealed the occurrence of numerous substances and more particularly pharmaceuticals. Overall, the project suggests coupling chemical and biomarkers analysis on caged organisms (a crustacean, a mollusk, a moss and a fish species) with predictive mathematical population level models. In order to calibrate and validate these models, a lotic mesocosm experiment was set up. Five substances were chosen: diclofenac, carbamazepine, naproxen, paracetamol and irbesartan. An environmental realistic mixture M of the five substances was tested along with MX10 and MX100. The study was carried out in twelve 20 m long lotic channels. The mesocosms were set up with artificial sediments, macrophytes, periphyton, benthic and pelagic invertebrates, decomposers and one fish species (Gasterosteus aculeatus), zebra mussels, Fontinalis antipyretica and Gammarus fossarum were also caged in the mesocosms. After 3 months of stabilization, treatment lasted 5 months. Periphyton biomass, macrophyte biovolume, zebra mussel biomarkers and growth, G. fossarum survival, reproduction and growth, F. antipyretica biomarkers and growth, zooplankton and invertebrate abundance and diversity, and fish individual physiological responses along with population dynamics were the main measured biological endpoints. The concentrations of each substance in water was monitored monthly along with some physico-chemical parameters. The overall experimental design will be presented along with the results related to the monitoring of substance concentrations in water, physico-chemical parameters, macrophyte biovolume, invertebrate community response, fish larvae densities. A brief discussion of the direct and/or indirect effects will then be performed