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Bien évaluer ses zones à risques pour un DRPCE appliqué et applicable
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Retour d’expérience international. Accidents significatifs survenus en 2019
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Biomass-to-fuel process integration, risk and sustainability analysis
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In situ monitoring and 3D geomechanical numerical modelling to evaluate seismic and aseismic rock deformation in response to deep mining
No full textInternational audienceIn this work we investigated seismic and aseismic rock mass behaviors in response to deep underground mining. For this purpose, an area under production of the metal mine of Garpenberg (Sweden) was instrumented with a geophysical and geotechnical monitoring network. In situ monitoring data were analyzed and interpreted considering mining operations and the local geological setting. In addition, a 3D elasto-plastic numerical model was built to better understand the interactions between quasi-static stress changes due to mining and the generation of the induced seismicity. Results of this multiparameter approach show a complex rock mass response. We observed two main types of seismic behaviors: one local and temporally short, directly induced by production, the other long-lasting over time and remote from excavations being mainly controlled by geological heterogeneities. In addition to seismicity, we also observed creep-like phenomena induced by mining. In turn, these time-dependent strains appear to be a third mechanism driving seismicity. All these findings underline the importance of considering both seismic and aseismic deformations when one wants to characterize the rock mass response to mining. This significantly enhances our understanding of the phenomena involved, as well as their interactions, for an improved hazard assessment in deep mining operations
Toward the Mechanistic Understanding of the Additives' Role on Ammonium Nitrate Decomposition: Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Sulfate as Case Studies
No full textInternational audienceThe reaction mechanism involved in the decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in the presence of CaCO3 and CaSO4, commonly used for stabilization and the reduction of explosivity properties of AN, was theoretically investigated using a computational approach based on density functional theory. The presented computational results suggest that both carbonate and sulfate anions can intercept an acid proton from nitric acid issued from the first step of decomposition of AN, thus inhibiting its runaway decomposition and the generation of reactive species (radicals). The reaction then leads to the production of stable products, as experimentally observed. Our modeling outcomes allow for tracing a relationship between the capability of proton acceptance of both carbonate and sulfate anions and the macroscopic behavior of these two additives as inhibitor or inert in the AN mixture
Urban soil phytomanagement for Zn and Cd in situ removal, greening, and Zn-rich biomass production taking care of snail exposure
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Usefulness of the transgenic cyp19a1b-GFP zebrafish model to refine the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test (ZFET)
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Low-cost sensors for indoor air quality : performance assessment in simulated real conditions
No full textInternational audienceLow-cost sensors for indoor air quality: performance assessment in simulated real conditionsaAs air quality is more and more a matter of interest among the general population, people strongly express the need to access real-time measurements with low-cost sensors easy to use. For indoor air, a lot of small, connected and low-cost sensors can now readily be purchased from the online markets. If their functionalities are very promising, there is a need to evaluate their metrological performances
Indoor Air Quality Monitoring in Mobility Situations by car around Paris using low-cost technologies : methodology and evaluation of performances compared to standard methods
No full textInternational audienceIn many industrialized countries, people spend more than one hour a day in their vehicles where particulate matter (PM) could reach high concentrations. The lack of concentration data highlights the need to monitor and control the pollution in such atmospheres. In order to tackle this challenge, attention has been redirected towards low-cost sensing units due to their interesting features such portability, highfrequency operation, fast-deployment and cost. However, while the technical developments of the last few decades have fostered the development of new paradigms, the performance of these emerging and innovative products calls for caution and a better understanding of the metrological limits intrinsic to their technology through field studies. Contrary to fixed-point monitoring situations are emerging (LCSQA 2018), there are currently no studies in the car interior and in real driving conditions where the microsensors performances are considered. The project QABINE 2 (Air Quality in Moving Airs 2) provided the opportunity to compare measurements from low-cost sensors and optical indicators with reference ones in identical environments. Thus, low-cost microsensors’ performances evaluation is performed through two in-field campaigns, almost forty different tests