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Donato Saukos lyginamosios literatūros mokslo projektas: „programa maximum“
Get PDFThe article discusses Donatas Sauka’s study An Epilogue of Faust’s Age (1998) in order to assess the reference to “comparative literature science” expressed in the introduction to the study. The psychological and subjective motivation of comparative research arising from the context of the genesis of the work is interpreted: an aim to overcome the cultural isolation of Soviet-era humanitarian and to go beyond the methodologically narrow and largely directive Soviet-era comparative studies.It is argued that An Epilogue of Faust’s Age is a synthetic study in the field of comparative studies and world literature research, the conceptual unity of which is ensured by the attention to the category of the author in modern European literature and the state of modern consciousness revealed therein. Thus, D. Sauka in his study turns from literary comparative studies to the field of cultural studies and the history of ideas by forming a certain classical person of universal culture in the Lithuanian cultural and academic environment.Straipsnyje aptariamas Donato Saukos veikalas Fausto amžiaus epilogas (1998), siekiant įvertinti veikalo įvade išsakytą apeliaciją į „lyginamąjį literatūros mokslą“. Analizuojama komparatyvistinė veikalo koncepcija, susijusi su jo genezės situacija, aiškinamasi veikalui būdinga literatūros ir kultūros reiškinių gretinimo logika, brėžiant sąsajas su XX a. antros pusės Lietuvos ir Vakarų komparatyvistikos kontekstais
Atėnietis prieš ateistus: teologinis įtikinimas Platono „Įstatymuose“
Get PDFThis paper examines the argument for the existence of gods, formulated by the Athenian in the 10th book of Plato’s Laws. The purpose of this investigation is to find out whether the argument persuades its intended audience – the atheists. The analysis is divided into three parts: 1) the investigation of the Athenian’s concept of persuasion; 2) the examination of the argument’s audience; 3) the reconstruction of the argument and the evaluation of its logical soundness, compliance with the defined criteria of persuasion, and suitability for the defined audience. This paper argues that the Athenian’s argument for the existence of gods should persuade atheists.Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamas Platono Įstatymų 10-ojoje knygoje aptinkamas Atėniečio argumentas už dievų buvimą. Tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti, ar argumentas įtikina auditoriją, kuriai yra skirtas, t. y. ateistus. Tyrimą sudaro trys dalys: 1) nagrinėjama Atėniečio įtikinimo samprata; 2) tiriama auditorija, kuriai skirtas argumentas; 3) argumentas atkuriamas ir patikrinamas loginis jo pagrįstumas, iškeltų įtikinimo kriterijų laikymasis ir tinkamumas nustatytai auditorijai. Straipsnyje teigiama, kad Atėniečio argumentas už dievų buvimą ateistus turėtų įtikinti
Romėnų pietas dorybė ir mirusios žmonos pašlovinimas (CIL VI, 1527, „Laudatio Turiae“)
Get PDFThe subject of this paper is the multiplicity of meaning of the word pietas as it is used in the famous inscription CIL VI, 1527 called Laudatio Turiae. In revealing traditional and innovative aspects of this notion, the author tries to see the ideology of relations in the Roman family of the laudator and the laudata behind it, and to set it into the context of the changing world in the times of the Late Republic and the Principate within the Roman history.The inscription reveals that, in the eyes of laudator, pietas is the most important virtue of his defunct wife, laudata. In the course of the research, three features of pietas are marked out: 1) the virtue of pietas is operative exclusively in the sphere of family relations; 2) pietas relations always presuppose the hierarchical ones (e.g. children to the father / mother, wife to husband, younger brother / sister to the elder one); 3) the virtue of pietas always implies a strong action. Some new aspects of the functioning of the virtue of pietas can be observed when exploring the usage of the word in the inscription. For the first time in the Latin literature, the word pietas signifies the transfer of the virtue of pietas into the female domain, using it to describe the relation of the younger sister to the elder. But the most striking innovation is an inversion of the hierarchical order of children to the parents. For the first time, pietas means the duty of the parents to bring up their children in the best manner possible – an obligation which will find its place in the Roman law codes.The large usage of the notion of pietas and experimentation with its meaning, which finds parallels in the poetry of the Augustan age (Virgil, Ovid) signifies the susceptibility of the laudator to the ideas of the Augustan policies and his ideological stances.The article is preceded by a Lithuanian translation of the inscription with a short introduction.Straipsnyje* nagrinėjamas vadinamasis „Turijos pašlovinimas“ – unikalus asmeninio gyvenimo dokumentas iš vėlyvosios Romos respublikos ir ankstyvosios Imperijos laikotarpio, kuriame svarbiausiu vyro šlovinamos mirusios žmonos bruožu tampa imperatoriaus Augusto religinių reformų iškelta dorybė pietas. Įvairios šios sąvokos prasmės straipsnyje aptariamos pasitelkus įmanomai platų istorinį kontekstą. Nagrinėjamoje laudacijoje randame ir tradicinių, ir naujų, tik Augusto laikais ryškėjančių pietas reikšmių, taigi ir jomis aprašomą įvairių šeimos narių tarpusavio santykių turinį, kuris atsiskleidžia susidūrus su įvairiomis sunkius išbandymus primetančiomis aplinkybėmis
Tarp filosofijos ir asmeninės refleksijos
Get PDFThe article aims at highlighting the uniqueness of thinking and academic activity of Donatas Sauka, who for many years was a professor at the Department of Lithuanian Literature of Vilnius University. The article reveals his scholarly ambitions – broad interests, good knowledge of classic Western literature, and an attempt to keep the achievements of natural sciences on the horizon of humanities. However, he harboured artistic and poetic inclinations in his nature; he has translated a number of classical texts required for his research. The philological interests of the professor were permeated by self-reflection. Comparative literature science was his field of research – even though his other interests also competed for his attention, he analysed methodological issues, different scopes of national literatures and paradoxes of literary analysis. He also raised an essential question for comparison – from what and how are clusters of literary identity formed; how they are related to the mental history and language of a nation; how creative incentives are formed and how they operate.Straipsnyje analizuojami Donato Saukos moksliniai ir eseistiniai tekstai, daugiausia dėmesio kreipiant į Nepriklausomybės metais parašytus darbus. Konstatuojama, kad tuo metu išryškėjo egzistenciškai aštrios tarp būsenos: tarp filosofijos ir asmeninės refleksijos, tarp polinkio į eseistiką ir akademinio rašymo. Aptariama Vilniaus universiteto Lietuvių literatūros katedros situacija, Donato Saukos vieta jos istorijoje. Ryškinamas akademinės ir mokslinės veiklos individualusis branduolys
Sprendimai apie Lietuvos grožį Jeano Mauclère’o knygoje "Po blyškiu Lietuvos dangumi"
Get PDFDrawing on the theoretical premises of imagology and geocriticism, the article analyzes the aesthetic experience of the traveler who traverses Lithuanian cities (Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda), walks across small towns, stops over in villages, and makes his way to the seaside. The local aesthetic identity of the newly discovered country, i.e. its beauty and/or loathsomeness, is revealed by the author Jean Mauclère through a few perspectives: on the one hand, it is the beauty of nature, folk and professional art (architectural exteriors and interiors, fine arts, music), the physical type of Lithuanian men and women. This identity, as Mauclère suggests, reveals itself in the contexts of local history, traditions and culture. Although the author seeks to remain objective in his description of his new aesthetic experience in Lithuania, he remains a representative of his own French culture and its traditions nonetheless. On the other hand, he underlines the otherness of the novelty of his experience.Straipsnyje, remiantis imagologijos ir geokritikos įžvalgomis, analizuojami estetiniai keliautojo potyriai vaikštinėjant ir važinėjant po Lietuvos miestus – Kauną, Vilnių, Klaipėdą, miestelius, kaimus ir pajūrį. Knygos Po blyškiu Lietuvos dangumi autorius Jeanas Mauclère’as lokalią estetinę naujai atrasto krašto tapatybę – grožį ir / ar bjaurumą – atskleidžia keliais aspektais. Tai gamtos grožis, liaudies ir profesionalusis menas (architektūros eksterjerai ir interjerai, dailė, muzika), fizinis lietuvio ir lietuvės tipas. Mauclère’o vertinimuose ši tapatybė matoma vietinės istorijos, tradicijų ir kultūros kontekste. Aprašydamas naują estetinę patirtį jis, viena vertus, siekia būti objektyvus, kita vertus, išlieka savos prancūzų kultūros ir tradicijų atstovas. Drauge jis nevengia pabrėžti patirtos naujovės kitoniškumą
Paul Éluard : un épisode yougoslave
Get PDFThe paper discusses the personal and political relations between the French surrealist poet Paul Éluard and Serbian writers and intellectuals, first of all Marko Ristić, a theorist and one of the founders of the Serbian surrealist movement. We will show the reception of Éluard’s works in the Serbian cultural space, his visit to Yugoslavia, then Éluard’s activities in Paris related to Yugoslav politics. One significant part of the article represents, until now, unpublished archival documents that testify to the friendship between Éluard and Ristić. We will try to explain how this friendship ended after the Cominform Resolution in 1948 and what consequences it had on Serbian and French culture.Dans un premier temps l’auteur se penchera sur les relations littéraires, politiques et personnelles qu’entretenait Paul Éluard, écrivain surréaliste français, avec certains auteurs yougoslaves et serbes. Ensuite, cet article s’attachera à mettre en lumière la réception des œuvres du poète dans le milieu culturel serbe. Pour ce faire nous nous appuierons sur le manuscrit d’un poème inédit déposé à l’Académie serbe des sciences et des arts qui témoigne des relations étroites qu’entretenait le poète avec le fondateur et théoricien du surréalisme serbe Marko Ristić
О рассказе И. А. Бунина «Свиданье» и посвящении «М. П. Ч.»
Get PDFThis article publishes a little-known story by I. A. Bunin in 1902 – The Date – with the dedication “M. P. CH.”, stored in the personal archive of Maria Pavlovna Chekhov. An attempt is made to trace the author’s changes in the story to 1907, which made it possible to remove the dedication and change the original title to Happiness. This edit did not suit Bunin; in Paris he once again changes the text of the story, giving a different name – Dawn All Night. Not only is the text of the story Happiness based on the 1907 collection Korabli, but the place of its publication is specified.В данной статье публикуется малоизвестный рассказ И. А. Бунина 1902 г. «Свиданье» с посвящением «М. П. Ч.», хранящийся в личном архиве Марии Павловны Чеховой. Делается попытка проследить авторские изменения в рассказе к 1907 г., которые позволили писателю снять посвящение и изменить название – «Счастье». Эта правка не устроила Бунина, в Париже он еще раз изменяет текст рассказа, дав другое название – «Заря всю ночь». Приводится текст рассказа «Свиданье» и текст рассказа «Счастье» по сборнику «Корабли» 1907 г., уточняется место его издания
По закону человеческой красоты (к юбилею Е. П. Червинскене)
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the book of memoirs The Power of Weak written by Elena Chervinskiene, Professor of the Department of Russian Literature at Vilnius University. Chervinskiene’s book discusses her experiences being deported to the Altai region and Yakutia, part of the wave of deportations from Lithuania that began in the fateful year of 1941. The early traumatic experience determined not only the author’s further personal life but also her professional choice. It is stated that the chosen field of scientific and creative interests of the expert on classical Russian literature, author of books and articles about L. Tolstoy, F. Dostoevsky and A. Chekhov, was also shaped by the all of the human experience gained during this tragic stage of her life.В статье на основе книги воспоминаний Сила слабых профессора кафедры русской литературы Вильнюсского университета Елены Червинскене рассказывается о том, как ссылка в далекие края Алтая и Якутии в роковом для Литвы 1941 г. сыграла решающую роль не только в дальнейшей личной жизни автора, но и в ее профессиональном выборе. Утверждается, что поле научных и творческих интересов специалиста по классической русской литературе, автора книг и статей о Л. Толстом, Ф. Достоевском и А. Чехове сформировал жизненный опыт, накопленный в этот трагический период ее жизни
