Lietuvos istorijos studijos
Not a member yet
829 research outputs found
Sort by
Idealo ir tikrovės santykis valstybės tarnyboje: retrospektyvus žvilgsnis į etikos problemas tarpukario Lietuvos Respublikoje
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the ideal and reality in the First Lithuanian Republic when the foundations of contemporary Lithuanian civil service were laid down. Various scientists and Lithuanian legislators were involved in the construction of the ideal of civil service, but the reality and the image of the reality in media were different. So, the author had a goal to compare these two dimensions: the ideal constructed by scientists and the image reflected in the media. Attention was given also to ethical problems in civil service. The construction of the ideal portrait of civil servant, or civil service in general, was not among the primary state goals, so the majority of studied publications were published in 1926---1939. This was important for economists, lawyers, specialists of management, to mention just a few - A. Baliūnas, G. Galvanauskas, V. Graičiūnas, P. Lesauskis, S. Nacevičius, P. Raulinaitis, J. Šimkus, etc. Some of them had studied at western universities and were familiar with the newest managerial theories or were writing themselves on various questions including state administration or governance.
Some topics such as an ideal organization, the role of individual in organizational settings, the ideal of a leader, state administration and civil service, the ideal of a civil servant were considered by scientists as more important and were elaborated in detail in their articles or books. How important were such attempts? Their model of state governance, sketches of ideal organization, leaders, civil servants, etc. can be considered an attempt to introduce Lithuanian public with new theoretical concepts and provide some necessary knowledge creating foundations of the new state.
Lithuanian legislator, earlier than scientists, tried to introduce the model for civil servants, emphasizing certain aspects of their activity or indicating some restrictions. The first laws regulating the activity of civil servants were passed as far back as 1919 and 1920. The Lithuanian legislators creating the ideal could not encompass so many issues so their attention was limited and concentrated mainly on the organizational aspects of civil service or the requirements to civil servants. Later, legislators were not able to supplement the ideal, and even the Law on Civil Service existed in draft.
Before analyzing the image of reality reflected in the media, the author stresses some points that help to better understand the position of journalists. Critical analyses of certain problems in the Lithuanian public sphere helped lawyers, economists, specialists of management and public figures in constructing the ideal model. Meanwhile media representatives and those whose opinion was published were often apt to overdraw, dramatize the existing problems or present them as dominating models. The best illustration is the very negative stereotype of a public servant. Taking into consideration the fact that journalists often are more interested in abnormal things, that can be estimated as scandalous, the author concludes that an honest civil servant properly performing his official duties is not an exception. Critical publications in the media allow distinguishing some positive changes in the activities of civil servants or public institutions which have notably improved the competence of their staff and the quality of its functioning
Asmenybės sovietmečio Lietuvos istorijos politikos lauke: elgsenos strategijos ir galimybės išlikti
Get PDFLietuviškoji fotografijos mokykla sovietinės ideologijos kontekste (apie Margaritos Matulytės daktaro disertaciją ,,Fotografijos raiškos ir sklaidos Lietuvoje sovietizavimas")
Get PDF
Bažnytinės knygos rusėnų kalba ir religiniai identitetai slaviškose Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės žemėse XIV-XVIII amžiuje: protestantų ir unitų tradicijos
Get PDFXVI-XVIII amžiaus Abiejų Tautų Respublikos palivarko ūkis marksistiniu bei neoinstitucionalistiniu požiūriu
Get PDFThis article continues an analysis of the socioeconomic history of the Republic of Two Nations (RTN) in the 16th-18th centuries, viewed through two competing historiographical views: the traditional Marxist conception emphasizing internal considerations and the neo-Marxist capitalist world system theory (CWS) emphasizing external motivations. The questions addressed in this text arose from the conclusion of an earlier study (Lietuvos istorijos studijos, 2006, volume 18) that the agrarian structure of Eastern Europe in the 16th-18th centuries, according to the CWS conception, is similar in many respects to what Marxists call "feudalism" in Western Europe in the 11th-15th centuries (with the agrarian structure rather than political "superstructure" in mind). The point of this article is to define in more detail the structural similarities and differences between the Western European manor in the 11th-15th centuries and the Eastern European manor (especially in the RTN) in terms of Marxism and neo-institutionalism.
In reconstructing the economic structure of the Western European manor from the Marxist perspective in the first section of the article, the author employs a research performed by the school of E. A. Kosminsky, a renowned medieval expert in the Soviet Union. American economists of the new institutionalist economic history work by its best-known representatives D. C. North and R. P. Thomas inform the neo-institutionalist perspective in the first section. In the second section, the model of feudal economic function by one of the most renowned Polish economic historians, W. Kula, is used for reconstructing the manor economy of Eastern Europe (and especially the RTN) in the 16th-18th centuries from the Marxist perspective. The third section features the above-mentioned studies as well as additional literature (J. Topolski, A. Wyczanski, P. Gorecki, K. Glamann, E. J. Hobsbawm, S. Pamerneckis and others), to illustrate in detail for the first time in historiography and expand upon, the structural similarities and differences between the Western European manor in the 11th-15th centuries and the Eastern European manor in the 16th-18th centuries according to both of the aforementioned perspectives.
Arguments are put forward for the thesis that the manor economy of the 16th-18th centuries in the RTN, affected by Western Europe\u27s developing capitalist relationships, can be qualified neither as a typical feudal economy (which the Western European manor of the Middle Ages should properly be considered) nor as a typical capitalist enterprise. The RTN manor of the 16th-18th centuries was an economy based on the total domination by the lord of the peasants oriented to the production of mercantile goods, as one of the forms used by the lord for accumulating capital
