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Metadiscourse in Lithuanian linguistics research articles: A study of interactive and interactional features
Get PDFIn the recent decades the interpersonal nature of written academic communication has been widely studied in various linguistic/cultural contexts, including Lithuanian. To gain new insights into how knowledge is negotiated interpersonally in Lithuanian scientific texts, the present paper explores the distribution and use of interactive and interactional features of metadiscourse in Lithuanian research articles in a single discipline, i.e., linguistics. For the classification of metadiscourse resources, the study employs the interpersonal model of metadiscourse (Hyland 2005a). Based on the analysis of 30 Lithuanian research articles in the field of linguistics, this exploratory investigation reveals rhetorical strategies utilized by professional authors to construct a coherent text and engage their audiences in the chosen disciplinary domain. The dominance of interactive metadiscourse features over interactional ones in the corpus examined shows that Lithuanian authors of research articles in linguistics are generally more concerned with organizing discourse and guiding readers through the text than with expressing attitudes and commitment to their arguments. The most common interactive resources are transitions and evidentials, and the most frequent interactional devices include boosters, engagement markers, and hedges. The analysis offers a number of methodological steps necessary for applying the interpersonal model of metadiscourse to Lithuanian data, and complements numerous investigations into Lithuanian academic discourse by illustrating and discussing the writer-reader interaction in linguistics in a larger corpus
Towards Kyrgyz stop words
Get PDFThe concept of stop words introduced by H. P. Lun in the mid-20th century plays a huge role in today’s NLP practice. Stop words are used to reduce noisy text data, remove uninformative words, speed up text processing, and minimize the amount of memory required to store data.The Kyrgyz language is an agglutinative Turkic language for which no scientific study of stop words has been previously published in English. In our study, we combined frequency analysis with rule-based linguistic analysis. First, we found the most frequently used words, set a threshold, and removed words below the threshold. This way we got a list of the most frequently used words. Then we reduced the list by excluding from the list all words that do not belong to the category of function words of the Kyrgyz language. Finally, we got a list of 50 words that can be considered stop words in the Kyrgyz language. In our analysis, we used a single corpus of sentences collected and posted as an open source project by one of the local broadcasters
The case for weak null in English
Get PDFThe concept of the null article in English was originally developed as a means of explaining the apparent paradox that singular nouns with the same surface form, namely the non-presence of a grammatical article, are used in quite different communicative situations. Null has been described as the most definite form in the English article system, standing in direct contrast to zero at the opposite end of a scale. Yet, while this may applicable in the case of predicates nouns denoting unique roles, certain institutions where the referent is pragmatically unique, or coordinate structures with a preceding referent, there is persuasive evidence to suggest a considerable number of other null structures do not fit such a description but, on the contrary, share common characteristics with the weak form of the definite article or occupy more of a neutral position which would permit insertion of either one of the surface articles. On this basis, a proposal is advanced to acknowledge two forms of the null article, strong and weak, according to context. Rather than a corpus-based statistical approach, this paper draws upon a smaller selection of contemporary, non-fictional texts from a variety of semantic fields to illustrate the points being made
Compétition entre poly-, pluri- et multi- dans les néologismes officiels français
Get PDFThe article deals with the formation and use of the three prefixes that express plurality in French official terminology, on the example of the 162 terms appearing in FranceTerme and containing the prefixes pluri-, poly- and multi-. Among them, multi- is the most productive (104 terms), followed by poly- (50 terms) and pluri- (8 terms). With regard to the distribution of terms according to the domains, the natural and technical sciences dominate over the social sciences. The comparison with the English equivalents reveals a fairly high correspondence rate, even if 23% of the terms are not constructed in the same way. Relatively frequent substitutions of prefixes between English and French, e.g. pluri- and poly- in French instead of multi- in English, witness about their partial synonymy.L’article traite de la formation et de l’usage des trois préfixes exprimant la pluralité dans la terminologie officielle française, en se basant sur l’exemple des 162 termes qui figurent dans FranceTerme et qui contiennent pluri-, poly- et multi-. Parmi eux, multi- est le plus productif (104 termes), suivi par poly- (50 termes) et pluri- (8 termes). En ce qui concerne la distribution des termes selon les domaines, les sciences naturelles et techniques dominent sur les sciences sociales. La comparaison avec les équivalents anglais révèle un taux de correspondance assez élevé, même si 23 % des termes sont construits différemment dans les deux langues. Les substitutions relativement fréquentes des préfixes entre l’anglais et le français, par ex. pluri- et poly- en français au lieu de multi- en anglais, témoignent de leur synonymie partielle
Le verbe français tomber : sa plurivocité sémantique et ses équivalents en polonais et en lituanien. Étude basée sur le corpus parallèle français-polonais-lituanien
Get PDFThe analysis presented in this article is based on the trilingual parallel corpus CTLFR-PL-LT, composed of original French literary texts and their translations into Polish and Lithuanian. The undeniable usefulness of parallel corpora for studies in contrastive linguistics has already been established (Teubert 1996; Kraif 2011; Altenberg and Granger 2002 et al.). The corpora offer rich and reliable data, they [...] “allow us to see meaning through translation” (Johansson 2007, 57).The purpose of this study is twofold: we first aim to analyse the semantic plurivocity of the French verb tomber ‘to fall’ in literary texts. Secondly, we propose to examine the heterogeneity of the equivalents of tomber ‘to fall’ in Polish and Lithuanian, which will allow us to specify which strategies (verbal or other) are used to translate the meanings of the chosen verb. We also check whether the selected verbs in the Lithuanian and Polish translations express the same meaning element of tomber ‘to fall’. It will be particularly interesting to be able to observe whether strategies adopted by translators are specific to each of the target languages, genetically different, or common to both. Thus, we hope to contribute to contrastive French-Polish-Lithuanian research, which has so far been quite scare.L’analyse présentée dans cet article se base sur le corpus parallèle trilingue CTLFR-PL-LT composé de textes littéraires originaux français datant du milieu du XXème siècle jusqu’au début du XXIème siècle et de leurs traductions en polonais et en lituanien. L’utilité indéniable des corpus parallèles pour des études de linguistique contrastive a déjà été maintes fois prouvée (Teubert 1996 ; Kraif 2011 ; Altenberg et Granger 2002 et al.). Les corpus en question proposent des données riches et fiables, ils [...] « permettent de voir le sens à travers la traduction » (Johansson 2007, 57).Le but de la présente étude est double : nous visons tout d’abord à analyser la plurivocité sémantique du verbe français tomber dans les textes littéraires français. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous proposons d’examiner l’hétérogénéité des équivalents de tomber en polonais et en lituanien, ce qui nous permettra de préciser quelles stratégies (verbales ou autres) sont utilisées pour traduire les valeurs du verbe choisi. Nous envisageons aussi de vérifier si les verbes sélectionnés dans la traduction en lituanien et en polonais expriment le même élément de sens que tomber. Il sera notamment intéressant de pouvoir constater si certaines stratégies, adoptées par les traducteurs, sont propres à chacune des langues cibles, génétiquement différentes, ou communes pour les deux. Ainsi, nous espérons contribuer aux recherches contrastives françaises – polonaises – lituaniennes très peu menées jusqu’à aujourd’hui
Sprachvariation in Online-Minderheitenzeitungen. Am Beispiel der „Deutschen Allgemeinen Zeitung“ in Kasachstan
Get PDFThis article discusses the online edition of the “Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung” (DAZ, German General Newspaper), an exceptional media product in Kazakhstan. This medium was chosen mainly for its very complex linguistic and cultural configuration. The linguistic forms are German, while the discourse and text traditions suggest a Russian influence due to the long hegemony of Russian as the language of culture and education in Kazakhstan. Additionally, the current sociocultural frame of reference is of genuine Kazakh origin.The central aim of this evidence-based media linguistic analysis was to describe the unique features in the language of this online medium, i.e. the multilingual aspects of language variation and aspects related to language and cultural contact.The methodology is based on a linguistic concept of saliency and used interrater reliability in the linguistic assessment. The study showed that the online version and the print version differ not only on a technical level, but also in their journalistic and linguistic design. The digital version is marked by livelier, more idiomatic, and more colorful texts than the print version. These differences can likely not just be attributed to the greater range of options provided by the new medium, but possibly also to the larger share of contributions by authors from Germany in the online version compared to the print version. In the written practices examined in this article it could be shown that authors from Kazakhstan generally used ‘multiliteracy’ form that also generated emergent forms
Looking for the Articloid: Ille and ipse in the Itinerarium Egeriae
Get PDFThis paper examines the status of the Latin demonstrative ille and the intensifier ipse, which are the sources of definite articles in modern Romance languages. My analysis is based on the text of the Itinerarium Egeriae from the end of the fourth century AD. Using the approach of cognitive linguistics, I suggest how the articloid could be defined and how it could be distinguished semantically from its source element. I argue that both ille and ipse are used as articloids in the text. However, the original demonstrative meaning of ille and the original intensifying meaning of ipse are also attested, and in certain cases; though redundant, their use can be caused by the specific stylistics of the text. Furthermore, ipse has developed an additional meaning that establishes identity through similarity, and which might have led the path to its further grammaticalization. Therefore, both ille and ipse have a spectrum of interrelated meanings that range from those attested in Classical Latin to grammatical usage as articloids. However, as definiteness markers, their usage is not extended into contexts reserved for definite articles in languages with fully grammaticalized definiteness markers and hence its use as an articloid in the Latin of the fourth century AD could have been typologically equivalent to that of the articloid in the Baltic languages
Stil – Denkstil – Text – Diskurs. Die Phänomene und ihre Zusammenhänge, Ulla Fix, Frank & Timme Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur, Berlin (2021). 570 S., ISBN 978-3-7329-0754-0 (Print), ISBN 978-3-7329-9212-6 (eBook).
Get PDFVerbal modifiers in areal perspective: The case of Latvian Romani
Get PDFBased on the analysis of the texts collected in the 1930s in Latvia and Estonia, this paper provides a description of the semantics of the verbal modifiers, i.e., prefixes (preverbs) and particles, in Latvian Romani. The system of verbal modifiers in Latvian Romani is an innovation evolved under Slavic and Baltic influence. Most preverbs are instances of MAT-borrowing from Slavic and Baltic, whereas verb particles are a PATborrowing, modelled after the Latvian system. The paper argues that even preverbs of Slavic origin often copy the semantics and derivational patterns of Latvian prefixed verbs. It is also shown that, differently from Latvian, in Romani both preverbs and verb particles can affect the verb’s argument structure (e.g., by making it transitive) and change its aspectual value (e.g., by making it perfective). Finally, the distribution of verbal modifiers in Latvian Romani (the development of verb particles as opposed to other closely related Northeastern Romani dialects which only have prefixes, and higher frequency of verb particles in Estonia than in Latvia) confirms the areal cline in the spread of verb particles