Journalism Research
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„Reali jėga, kurią remia visa tauta“: nuo Maskvos atsiskyrusių Lietuvos komunistų vaizdavimas televizijos laidoje „Panorama“ 1990 metų sausį–kovą
Get PDFThe transformation of communist societies into democratic ones in Europe in 1988-1990 is a massive and complicated phenomenon. Claiming that they were implementing democracy, the local communist regimes had been trying to maintain their influence in the states, for which they had a lot of resources, including the media. In terms of political communication, the mass media claimed not even the position of an individual actor next to politicians or the audience, but a puppet group of politicians. The liberating society began to look at non-communist political alternatives, while the communists were trying to maintain a monopoly. This also happened in 1990 in Lithuania, which was occupied by the Soviet Union. Hence the question arises, as the first democratic elections after the Second World War had approached, how did the media describe the Lithuanian Communist Party that seized power? Consecutive newspaper archives have survived to this day, therefore we can clearly see how the press has reflected the news of the political field. But what and how was streaming media TV broadcasting? Often these were working at the time say “I don’t remember anything” or tell generalized narratives. In addition, there is an argument that there are little remains left of the programs, which cannot provide a full context of what and how television had been showing. Based on the thesis of television theory and practice that a television report or other production is created based on a text, the texts of the program “Panorama” stored in the Central State Archive of Lithuania are used to prepare the article. The purpose of this article is to show how the journalists reflected the events related to the Lithuanian Communist Party in the main informational television show, what attitudes of the audience could be formed on this political force during the election campaign. The article publishes an analysis of the texts of the TV show “Panorama” related to the Lithuanian Communist Party, its leader Algirdas Brazauskas and the party’s activities. Europos komunistinių visuomenių transformacija į demokratines 1988–1990 metais – masinis ir sudėtingas, komplikuotas reiškinys. Prisidengdami demokratijos įgyvendinimu vietiniai komunistiniai režimai bandė išlaikyti savo įtaką valstybėse, turėdami gausybę išteklių, tarp jų – informacinį. Žiniasklaida politinės komunikacijos požiūriu pretendavo net ne į atskiro veikėjo šalia politikų ir auditorijos poziciją, bet marionetinį politikų eksklavą. Laisvėjanti visuomenė ėmė dairytis politinių nekomunistinių alternatyvų, tačiau komunistinės jėgos bandė iš paskutiniųjų išlaikyti sprendimo monopolį. Taip nutiko ir iš Sovietų Sąjungos okupacijos besivaduojančioje Lietuvoje 1990 metais. Tad kyla klausimas, kaip, artėjant pirmiesiems demokratiniams rinkimams po Antrojo pasaulinio karo, apie valdžią uzurpavusią Lietuvos komunistų partiją rašė, kalbėjo, rodė žiniasklaida? Nuoseklūs laikraščių archyvai išlikę iki šių dienų, taigi galime aiškiai pamatyti, kaip politinio lauko klausimus reflektavo spauda. Tačiau ką ir kaip transliavo srautinės informacijos priemonė – televizija? Ši tema viešojoje erdvėje beveik nefigūruoja, prisidengiant tuomet dirbusiųjų argumentu „aš nieko neprisimenu“ arba apibendrintu pasakojimu. Arba tuo, kad iš tuomet transliuotų laidų yra likę menki likučiai, kurie negali suteikti pilno konteksto, ką ir kaip televizija rodė. Remiantis televizijos teorijos ir praktikos nuostata, kad televizijos reportažas ar kita produkcija yra kuriama teksto pagrindu, straipsniui parengti naudojamasi Lietuvos centriniame valstybės archyve saugomais laidos „Panorama“ tekstais. Straipsnio tikslas – įvardyti, kaip pagrindinėje informacinėje televizijos laidoje žurnalistai atspindėjo įvykius, susijusius su Lietuvos komunistų partija, kokias auditorijos nuostatas galėjo formuoti apie šią politinę jėgą rinkiminės kampanijos metu. Straipsnyje publikuojama televizijos laidos „Panorama“ tekstų, susijusių su Lietuvos komunistų partija, jos lyderiu Algirdu Brazausku ir partijos veikla, analizė
The Image of Syrian Refugees in the Lebanese Press: Case of Al-Akhbar Newspaper
Get PDFThis paper investigates how Syrian refugees are portrayed in the Lebanese press, namely in Al-Akhbar Newspaper.
Although there are existing studies that focus on the media representation of Syrian refugees, they allot significant attention to negative images of Syrian refugees presented by a number of Lebanese media outlets. In addition, there is a dearth of studies that scrutinise positive representation of Syrian refugees in the Lebanese press.
Owing to these problems, this paper bridges the gap in the current literature through paying further attention to the positive media representation of Syrian refugees in the Lebanese press taking the case of Al-Akhbar Newspaper.
In answering the question: how Al-Akhbar depicts Syrian refugees who fled to Lebanon, this paper analyses samples of articles published in Al-Akhbar to highlight the discourse of this Newspaper relating to Syrian refugees. The paper draws on qualitative analysis to arrive at its conclusion.
The findings of the paper are significant because they reveal journalistic practices and agenda towards one of the serious issues in Lebanon which suffers from political turmoil and severe economic crisis. As this paper distinguishes between what it calls antagonist and protagonist discourses in reporting Syrian refugees in the Lebanese press, it recommends paying further attention to the protagonist discourse because it reflects good journalistic practice
Politinės darbotvarkės pateikimas Lietuvos televizijų žinių laidose
Get PDFThe authors of the article investigate how the parliamentary agenda is reflected in the agenda-setting. They determined the study period and examined how many decisions made in the Parliament are on the agenda of Lithuanian television channels. The study showed that the agenda of the Seimas of Lithuania occupies a very small part of the schedule of media topics. The researchers relied on journalistic criteria for the selection of information – novelty, relevance and conflict. According to them, the criteria by which journalists choose news are not very clear. Sometimes the selected news does not match any –novelty, relevance, or conflict criterion, and sometimes only one of them. However, the criterion of conflict should be considered dominant. Let‘s do it the premise that scandalous news is of most interest to the public. On the other hand, the fact that journalists take the news of a press release already prepared by the Parliament also partly explains the fact of non-compliance with the news selection criteria.Grupė autorių nagrinėja, kaip parlamento darbotvarkė atsispindi žiniasklaidos temų tvarkaraštyje (atsižvelgiant į pozityvistinę žiniasklaidos temų kūrimo teoriją, kad esą medijos turi socialinį interesą kurti dienos tutinio tvarkaraštį). Autoriai apibrėžė tyrimų laikotarpį ir išnagrinėjo, kiek parlamente priimtų sprendimų patenka į žiniasklaidos akiratį, tiksliau, kurie atitinkami sprendimai virsta naujienų pranešimais. Tyrėjai rėmėsi žurnalistiniais informacijos atrankos kriterijais - naujumu, aktualumu ir konfliktu. Pagal šiuos kriterijus ištirta ne tik, kokie klausimai ir kaip buvo pateikti visuomenei nacionalinių Lietuvos televizijų naujienų laidose, bet ir išsiaiškinama, ar tikrai pasirenkami įvykiai atitinka minėtus kriterijus, ypač – aktualumą
Rusijos ir Ukrainos konflikto vaizdavimas Vokietijos Facebook socialiniame tinkle
Get PDFThe article reviews the concept of information war, the functioning of social media and their impact. The newest information war technologies are being used to form the image of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine in Facebook social network and German-speaking community. It examines the methods and objectives influencing and manipulating consumers. The article reveals how the conflict between Russia and Ukraine in Germany’s Facebook social space is represented. The analysis of Facebook pages resulted in an analysis of visual content abundantly found regarding the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.Straipsnyje apžvelgus informacinio karo sampratą, socialinių medijų veikimą ir jų poveikį, aptariama, kokios pasitelkiamos naujausios informacinio karo technologijas siekiant suformuoti Rusijos ir Ukrainos konflikto įvaizdį Facebook socialiniame tinkle vokiškai kalbančioje bendruomenėje. Nagrinėjama, kokiais metodais ir tikslais daroma įtaka ir manipuliuojama vartotojais. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama, kaip reprezentuojamas Rusijos ir Ukrainos konfliktas Vokietijos Facebook socialinėje erdvėje. Atlikus Facebook puslapių tyrimą buvo išanalizuotas vaizdinis turinys, kurio gausiai randama apie Rusijos ir Ukrainos konfliktą
Saudo Arabijos žurnalisto Jamalio Khashoggio bylos nagrinėjimas „Al Jazeera“ pokalbių laidose
No full textThis paper attempts to evaluate Al-Jazeera Arabic Channel talk shows’ treatment of the Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi’s case by posing two main questions: the first deals with the amount of coverage granted to this issue. One of the research hypotheses arises here, namely that the coverage was remarkably intense, which may be explained by Al-Jazeera’s dedicated position on the issue. This is explored in this paper through analysis of content and by interviewing the director of news at Al-Jazeera channel, Asif al-Humaidi, and by surveying previous studies that have linked Al-Jazeera’s previous positions to Qatar’s official stand, particularly that the Khashoggi incident took place in the midst of the Qatari-Saudi political crisis. The research samples include four talk shows: “Without Borders,” “Beyond the News,” “Rest of the Story” and “Scenarios,” over the course of a month since Khashoggi’s disappearance. The analysis shows that Khashoggi’s case received 93% of the total coverage of the four programs during the monitoring period.
The second question deals with several items in the professionalism category, in terms of balancing time granted to the guests, and the degree of objectivity shown by the presenters during the dialogue. It was found that the rate of the presenters’ interventions during guests’ presentation was 57%, in addition to temptations utilized during the dialogues. Another question arises regarding the extent of hate speech in these talk shows, which amounts to 69.4%, by analyzing several items, most notably emotional mobilization, which rated 40.7%