Acta Orientalia Vilnensia
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Phytochemical screening along with in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activity of Senna auriculata (L.) bark extracts
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical content and biological properties of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. Four extracts—acetone, methanol, ethanol, and chloroform—were tested for antioxidant potential, enzymatic activity (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase), antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. GC-MS analysis identified 34 bioactive compounds. The acetone extract exhibited the highest total alkaloid (5.8%), phenolic (752.78 ± 2.25 mg GAE/g), and flavonoid (285.78 ± 1.25 mg QE/g) content, along with the highest antioxidant (1489.42 ± 4.35 mg AAE/g) and enzyme activities. All extracts inhibited both Gram-positive and negative bacteria, with the acetone extract showing superior inhibition against S. aureus and B. subtilis. Additionally, the acetone and methanol extracts demonstrated anticancer effects on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that Senna auriculata has potential as a therapeutic agent for various diseases
Symmetric generalized numerical semigroups in N^d with embedding dimension 2d+1
No full textIn this article, we classify all symmetric generalized numerical semigroups in
Nd of embedding dimension 2d + 1. Consequently, we show that in the case
d > 1, the property of being symmetric is equivalent to have a unique maximal
gap with respect to natural partial order in Nd . Moreover, we deduce that
when d > 1, there does not exist any generalized numerical semigroup of
embedding dimension 2d + 1, which is almost symmetric but not symmetric
Improving communication performance of Federated Learning: A networking perspective
No full textFederated Learning (FL) is gaining momentum as a promising solution to enable the efficient and privacy-preserving distributed training of Machine Learning (ML) models. Unlike centralized ML solutions, only the ML model and its updates are transferred between the clients and the aggregator server, eliminating the need to share large datasets. Notwithstanding, poor connectivity conditions experienced over the path that interconnects the FL clients and the aggregator server, either due to (wireless) channel losses or congestion, may deteriorate the training convergence. Several methods have been devised to reduce the training duration, primarily by minimizing data transfer through the design of ML algorithms at the application level. However, these solutions still exhibit unsettled issues, as they may only reduce the communication footprint but do not improve the communication process as a whole. Differently, in this work, our aim is to improve FL data exchange from a networking perspective by promoting Information Centric Networking (ICN) approaches rather than host-centric TCP/IP-based solutions. To this aim, we analyze the impact that host-centric transport protocols as well as ICN approaches have on the FL performance, in terms of duration of the model training and exchanged data (model and updates) load, under different channel loss settings. We show that ICN-based FL solutions significantly reduce the network data load and decrease the duration of the training round by up to an order of magnitude for high channel loss rates
Spectral CT for non-invasive evaluation of bladder cancer grade
No full textObjective: To investigate the potential role of dual-energy spectral computer tomography (CT) quantitative parameters in the definition of bladder cancer (BCa) pathological grading. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the use of spectral CT imaging features for BCa. From 2021 to 2023, 63 patients with histologically-confirmed BCa diagnosis were examined at our Institution. The patients were pathologically divided, following international guidelines, into two groups: low-grade (n = 24) and high-grade urothelial carcinoma group (n = 39). The iodine concentrations (IC), the normalized iodine concentrations (NIC), and the slope of the spectrum curve (SLOPE) were calculated along with the measure of each lesion CT value on the monochromatic image from 40 to 120 keV. The diagnostic performance was assessed by Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results: The high-grade group showed significantly higher mean values of IC, SLOPE, and HU in 40 KeV monoenergetic images (VMI40 HU). AUC values for NIC, SLOPE, IC, and VMI40 HU were 0,677, 0,745, 0,745, and 0,755 respectively. In multivariate logistic regression models with backward stepwise, including all quantitative parameters, only VMI40 HU remained statistically significant to correlate with high-grade tumors. Conclusion: Preliminary data shows that quantitative parameters of dual-energy spectral CT can be helpful to characterize low-grade and high-grade urothelial bladder tumors. The prediction of high-grade BCa with non-invasive methods (e.g. dlCT) can aid in early detection of muscle-invasive and worse prognostic tumors that need more aggressive and timely treatments, personalizing the management on the risk of recurrence
Pesca illegale e tutela penale dell’ecosistema marino: stato dell'arte e prospettive de iure condendo
No full textIl contributo ricostruisce sinteticamente la situazione dell’ordinamento giuridico italiano in materia di sanzioni nei confronti della pesca illegale, non dichiarata e non regolamentata, anche alla luce del quadro normativo sovranazionale. Il d.lgs. n. 4 del 2012, prevede una serie di illeciti contravvenzionale e amministrativi. Questa disciplina non svolge, però, un ruolo centrale nell’economia della repressione delle attività di pesca illegale. Infatti, la clausola di sussidiarietà espressa («salvo che il fatto costituisca più grave reato»), apre la strada alla possibilità di applicare più gravi ipotesi di delitto. È una possibilità che la giurisprudenza ha ripetutamente sfruttato, applicando per esempio, il delitto di Falsa rotta (art. 1140 cod. nav.) o quello di Inquinamento ambientale (art. 452 bis c.p.) Il problema è che molte delle norme sono state applicate al settore della pesca solo all’esito di operazioni ermeneutiche di tipo evolutivo che si traducono sovente in forzature del dato letterale, quando non anche in contrasto con la ratio sottesa alle incriminazioni: una operazione che genera tensioni con principi fondamentali della materia penale (legalità, offensività, proporzione), che non possono che essere guardate con sospetto dal cultore della scienza penale. La consapevolezza delle difficoltà di trovare un punto di non facile equilibrio tra le esigenze di tutela delle risorse biologiche marine e quelle della salvaguardia (sostenibile) dell’economia del settore ittico, non può far passare in secondo piano l’esigenza ineludibile di cercare una normativa specifica, stabile e chiara, che risponda ai canoni di determinatezza e precisione a cui devono attenersi le singole norme incriminatrici
Exploring Urinary Tract Injuries in Gynecological Surgery: Current Insights and Future Directions
No full textIatrogenic urinary tract injury is a known complication of pelvic surgery, most commonly occurring during gynecological procedures. The bladder and ureters are particularly vulnerable due to their close anatomical proximity to the uterus. Urinary tract damage can result from various mechanisms, including laceration, ligation, and thermal injury. Incidence rates vary according to the affected organ and surgical type; bladder injuries occur in 0.24% of benign and 0.4–3.7% of oncologic surgeries, whereas ureteral injuries are reported in 0.08% of benign and 0.39–1.1% of oncologic procedures. Timely diagnosis is essential for effective management. When detected intraoperatively, the injury can often be repaired immediately. Surgical treatment options vary depending on the specific nature and location of the bladder or ureteral damage. Delayed diagnosis can significantly impact the patient’s quality of life, increasing the risk of severe complications such as genitourinary fistulas. This narrative review aims to summarize current evidence on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of urinary tract injuries occurring during gynecological surgery. It evaluates risk factors, incidence, management, complications, and prevention strategies for iatrogenic bladder and ureteral injuries. Additionally, it highlights the innovative role of artificial intelligence in preventing urologic damage during gynecological procedures. The relevant literature was identified through a structured search of the PubMed database using predefined keywords related to gynecological surgery and urinary tract injury
Le Corti costituzionali e la protezione delle generazioni future
No full textIl volume indaga, attraverso l’esperienza italiana e francese, i riflessi dell’introduzione nelle Carte fondamentali (o a livello superprimario) del principio di responsabilità intergenerazionale sul sindacato di costituzionalità, nei vari ambiti in cui il principio incide, approfondendo il tema delle potenzialità e dei limiti giuridici di tale tipologia di controllo
Valori identitari e idem sentire de Republica nella tradizione canora del Festival dei fiori
No full textNel tempo, a calcare il palco dell’Ariston si sono avvicendati artisti di diversa estrazione musicale, espressione di differenti generazioni e portatori di un proprio bagaglio professionale ed esperienziale, tutti animati, però, da medesimo desiderio di proporsi all’attenzione del grande pubblico, per consolidare la propria fama, ovvero, talvolta, an-che per “rigenerarsi” e ricercare nuove possibilità di “riscatto” conseguenti ad un (più o meno lungo) periodo di “torpore musicale”.
Alle canzoni, alle melodie e ai testi, poi, sono stati affiancati anche momenti di riflessione sociale, sovente affidati a “monologhi” recitati da ospiti non appartenenti al panorama musicale, in alcuni casi divenuti, improvvisamente e (talvolta) improvvidamente, estemporanee iniziative di protesta e contestazione.
Di certo, quindi, le “giornate sanremesi” susseguitesi nel corso degli anni sono progressivamente diventate il risultato di un complesso ed articolato mix di intenti e professionalità; hanno avuto da lungo tempo e mantengono ancor oggi il sapore di teatralità e spettacolarizzazione di musica e parole, rappresentano un evento mediatico, televisivo e digitale, offrono occasioni di dibattito e, al contempo, di svago e spensieratezza, rimettono anche all’improvvisazione ed all’estemporaneità dei suoi protagonisti il compito di mantenere alta l’audience (in presa diretta) e l’attenzione del grande pubblico pure una volta conclusa la singola serata.
Spicca, poi, la valenza simbolica e valoriale dei testi i cui contenuti, sovente, affrontano temi di grande rilevanza sociale, comprensivi di riferimenti (diretti o indiretti) ai valori scolpiti in seno alla Costituzione italian
A sulfobetaine containing-polymethylmethacrylate surface coating as an excellent antifouling agent against Chlorella sp
No full textBiofouling represents one of the major issues in Photobioreactors (PBRs) for microalgae cultivation. At this aim, a series of zwitterionic-containing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) co-ter-polymers, differing in the molar percentage of sulfobetaine (SBMA)- and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) components were designed as antifouling (AF) potential coatings for inner PMMA surface of photobioreactors (PBRs). Among these, the sample named PSBM, P(HEMA-co-MMA-co-SBMA), showing the best film capabilities on PMMA slides, was selected, characterized and its AF activity investigated. High transparent and thin PSBM films, as confirmed by AFM and optical transparency investigations, were obtained by a simple drop-casting procedure using a basic isopropylalcohol/water mixture. AFM images of raw PSBM and PSBM films clearly indicate that a conformational change occurred upon treatment with electrolytes. PSBM was further characterized by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Static Water Contact Angle (WCA) investigations. Consistent with hydrophilic behavior, the PSBM surface provided a WCA of 60.9 ± 0.8° which, interestingly, decreased to 27.7 ± 1.2° after immersion in electrolyte culture media. PSBM films displayed a high satisfactory AF behavior in that a rare or no cell adhesion was observed when placed for 7 days in a suspension of the green microalga Chlorella sp. For comparison, the experiments were carried out with untreated and rough PMMA surfaces