Acta Orientalia Vilnensia
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Role of cognitive reserve in supporting executive efficiency and theory of mind in older adults
No full textThis study investigated whether cognitive reserve, assessed through the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq), predicts performance in cold executive functions and hot socio-cognitive abilities in older adults. Ninety-four healthy older adults completed a set of cognitive and socio-cognitive tasks. Multiple regression analyses tested the predictive role of CRIq on reaction times, accuracy, and performance variability, while controlling for age and education. Higher CRIq scores significantly predicted faster reaction times across all executive function tasks, indicating more efficient processing. No significant associations emerged with accuracy or variability. Importantly, CRIq strongly predicted performance in both affective and cognitive theory of mind, independently of age and global cognitive functioning. Cognitive reserve plays a protective role in aging, supporting both processing speed and social-cognitive skills. These findings highlight the multifaceted influence of cognitive reserve, suggesting its relevance for maintaining executive and socio-cognitive functioning in older adults
Individual and combined effects of microplastics and diphenyl phthalate as plastic additives on male goldfish: a biochemical and physiological investigation
No full textThe development of the plastics industry worldwide has led to an increase in the rate of plastic waste and chemical additives such as microplastics (MPs) and diphenyl phthalate (DPP) in the environment. The penetration of these pollutants into aquatic ecosystems has also raised concerns about their toxic effects, individually and in combination. The present study investigated the individual and combined toxicity of MPs and DPP on the health of male goldfish. A 28-day exposure experiment was conducted using different concentrations of DPP (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 μLL−1) and MPs (20, 40 mg L−1), both individually and in combination. Biochemical markers, enzyme activities, and hormone levels were evaluated to ascertain the effects on metabolic, renal, and reproductive health. The findings revealed that concurrent exposure to DPP and MPs markedly elevated plasma glucose, creatinine, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels, accompanied by notable reductions in high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein. Moreover, combined exposures resulted in liver damage, as evidenced by elevated serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities and disruptions in protein synthesis and immune response, with notable decreases in total protein, albumin, and globulin. Testosterone levels decreased, while estradiol levels increased, indicating endocrine disruption and potential reproductive impairment. These findings indicated the adverse synergistic effects of MPs and DPP on the physiology of goldfish. Therefore, further research must be conducted to increase our knowledge of their ecotoxicological risks
Adopting Additive Manufacturing in Shipbuilding: Managing the Transition to Innovative Design, Structures and Materials
No full textThe introduction of additive manufacturing (AM) in shipbuilding has the potential to revolutionise traditional production and design paradigms, offering benefits such as enhanced customisation, reduced lead times, and improved material efficiency. However, its successful adoption requires addressing operational, logistical, and regulatory challenges alongside technical considerations. This paper investigates the strategic and managerial aspects of integrating AM into ship design and production, focusing on supply chain reconfiguration, workforce upskilling, material qualification, and process standardisation. A comprehensive framework is developed to manage the transition to AM-based shipbuilding, covering key steps such as identifying suitable components for AM, conducting cost-benefit analyses, and establishing qualification and certification processes for additive-manufactured parts. Additionally, the study explores how AM can improve lifecycle management by enabling on-demand production of spare parts and reducing downtime during repairs through localised manufacturing. To provide actionable insights, a case study is simulated, analysing supply chain restructuring, component selection, lifecycle cost assessment, and quality assurance processes. The findings evaluate not only the performance of AM-produced components but also the broader logistical, economic, and regulatory implications. This study offers shipbuilders a roadmap for effectively managing the shift toward AM-enabled production, ensuring a seamless transition to this innovative technology
Postfazione
No full textLa postfazione riflette sull’evoluzione del rapporto tra natura e cultura nel passaggio dal Medioevo al Rinascimento e su come il primato moderno della cultura e della «vita civile» abbia modificato la tradizionale disparità tra i sessi nell’Europa post-rinascimentale
The Galileo-based UAV velocity: Doppler and Time-Differenced Carrier Phase
No full textAccurate GNSS navigation is crucial in several applications, e.g., automotive, aerospace, maritime, pedestrian and so on. In the aerospace domain, specifically in the UAV sector, the knowledge of the flying object dynamic is crucial, since such kind of navigation could be conducted in challenging scenario. On the one hand, the Doppler shift is one of the most common approaches to estimate the velocity of a vehicle equipped with a GNSS receiver. On other hand, the TDCP is a powerful technique, relying on carrier-phase, enabling millimetric-per-second accurate velocities. In this study, both techniques are adopted to estimate the velocity of GNSS receiver mounted on a UAV in kinematic and static scenario. Promising results have been obtained from TDCP, inspiring future and more detailed studies on the use of such a technique in the aerospace domain
The role of good governance to tackle gender inequalities within natural hazard-related disasters
No full textNatural hazards pose significant challenges to societies worldwide, disproportionately impacting
vulnerable populations and exacerbating existing gender disparities.
It is widely recognized that the effects of natural hazard-related disasters depend both on
conditions of exposure and vulnerability to these events. Among these conditions, disparities in
education, age, income, access to healthcare, and other forms of social inequality play a critical
role in exacerbating the impacts of disasters. Consequently, the adoption of gender-sensitive
approaches may help to more effectively address gender-specific needs within hazard and
disaster risk management policies.
This study aims to explore the interplay between good governance, natural hazards, and gender
inequality. Our dataset includes 191 countries, spanning the period from 2017 to 2024 and ex amines whether countries with high levels of vulnerability to natural hazards experience
heightened gender disparities, and the role of good governance. Our results could inform poli cymakers in their attempt to promote gender equality in the context of natural hazard-related
disasters
Atti del Seminario “Rapporti patrimoniali nella famiglia: radici storiche, problemi attuali e prospettive europee” (Università Lum – Giuseppe DeGennaro 6 maggio 2025)
No full textDionysius of Halicarnassus and Flavius Josephus: Dialoguing through Proems
No full textThis article discusses the possibility that Dionysius of Halicarnassus’ Roman Antiquities were Flavius Josephus’ direct model for his Jewish Antiquities , a theory that has faced both support and criticism. Following König and Wiater’s framework of literary dialogue, this study identifies various layers of interaction, from biographical and paratextual elements to lexical and conceptual similarities. Josephus’ Jewish War is also considered: while in this case his main models were historians like Thucydides and Polybius, his use of Dionysius can also be identified through a close reading of Josephus’ proem. Both authors shared a similar standpoint towards Rome and its empire, not least because of their personal experiences. Despite their different perspectives, both used antiquarianism as a political instrument for their respective historiographical agendas. Josephus’ numerous references to Dionysius indicate him as a significant, though unacknowledged, model
Impact of HF-Free Synthesis Modification on Purity and Adsorption Performances of MOF MIL-100(Fe) for Gas Capture and Energy Storage Applications
No full textThe aim of this study is to investigate a green and efficient hydrothermal synthesis method for obtaining a high-purity MIL-100(Fe) metal–organic framework (MOF) without using hazardous HF acid or other toxic reagents. The influence of various synthesis conditions (reactant ratios and reaction times) and washing protocols on the MOF’s properties and crystallinity was investigated. Additionally, the adsorption capacities of the synthesized MIL-100(Fe) for hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water vapor were evaluated at different temperatures and pressures. By analyzing the adsorption behavior, this research study aims to assess the potential of this material for thermal or specific gas storage applications. MF-S1 synthesis, using less iron and water, produces the purest MIL-100(Fe), as confirmed by XRD and FTIR. MF-S1-W2, with additional washing, is ideal for gas adsorption due to its crystallinity, purity, and high surface area. It effectively stores hydrogen (0.25 wt.% at 5 °C), CO2 (32.6 wt.% at 5 °C), and water vapor (47.5 wt.% at 30 °C)
A First-Order Optimality Condition in Nonsmooth Generalized Semi-infinite Programming (GSIP)
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to develop some first-order necessary
optimality conditions for nonsmooth generalized semi-infinite programming
problems in which the index set of the inequality constraints
depends on the decision vector and all emerging functions are assumed
to be locally Lipschitz. Several authors have studied first-order optimality
conditions of GSIPs with continuously differentiable data (see [6,15–
18]), but there are few papers that consider GSIPs in nonsmooth case
[9,10]. Extensive references to optimality conditions and constraint qualifications
for smooth GSIPs, and their historical notes, can be found in
the book by Stein [15]. All the mentioned papers considered lower-level
qualification conditions for GSIP. In the present paper we introduce an
upper-level constraint qualification in Mangasarian-Fromovitz sense, and
we demonstrate some first-order necessary optimality conditions at minimum
point of the considered problem