Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies
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Consumer Nostalgia Literature Review and an Alternative Measurement Perspective
Get PDFDuring the last two decades consumer nostalgia literature has experienced the growing amount of research, nonetheless, the nomological network in the area is still poorly established and fundamental questions of generalizability and measurement of nostalgia effects remain unanswered. This paper represents an attempt to comprehensively assess extant research in consumer nostalgia field, distinguish developments in the literature by summarizing the main findings of previous research and establishing theoretical trends. The analysis reveals that a number of demographic, social and psychological nostalgia antecedents, moderators and outcomes remain at the propositions level or lack the accumulated empirical quantitative support and validation from other studies. Therefore, specific recommendations regarding the development of nostalgia nomological network are provided to aid the continued theoretical and methodological improvements in the area. Since 1991 research in nostalgia has assumed that the correct measurement approach is a reflective one. This paper offers an alternative perspective for viewing and operationalizing nostalgia construct as a formative construct. Guidelines are summarized that aim to assist researchers with decision rules on whether to employ formative or reflective nostalgia measurement for future research. One of the main contributions of this study is to show the need for researchers to explicitly justify their choice of reflective or formative measurement models by supporting it with theoretical arguments and empirical evidence
Cultural Aspects of Compulsive Buying in Emerging and Developed Economies: a Cross Cultural Study in Compulsive Buying
Get PDFAlthough several studies focused on understanding of compulsive buying in developed countries, this phenomenon remains understudied in other parts of the world. This is rather surprising since there is an increasing interest in understanding shopping behavior of consumers in emergent markets due to the growing importance of these markets. The main reason for the limited attention to compulsive buying in emerging countries is the lack of cross-culturally validated scales.
In response to these calls, this paper tests measurement invariance of two prominent compulsive buying scales – the Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS) and the Compulsive Buying Index (CBI) in Western (Spain and the Netherlands) and emerging (Russia and Turkey) economies. In case of lack of invariance the reasons in terms of socio-cultural factors and country conditions are explained.
The results establish the partial measurement invariance of the CBI but not the CBS. So, to study the antecedents and consequences of compulsive buying in cross-cultural contexts, the CBI is sufficient. The varying credit card ownership and usage, and different gender roles of women across countries appear to be the main reasons for lack of measurement invariance of the CBS. The percentages of compulsive buyers in emerging countries are lower than those in developed countries
Attitude Formation Towards Local and International Ecological Face and Body Care Brands Among Lithuanian Female Consumers
No full textCurrent environmental trends in production and marketing resulted in a close-loop situation, when on the one hand consumers demand environmentally friendly and ecological products and are ready to pay price premiums for them, on the other hand, marketers explore usage of environmentally friendly brands and labels as a competitive advantage. Both local and international brands compete in the market of ecological products. However, consumer propensity to purchase ecological brands differs, as this variable can be a function of a number of factors. The paper analyses the impact of consumer values, perceived environmental knowledge and pro-environmental concern on consumer attitudes towards ecological brands (local or international), and the influence of consumer attitude elements on intention to purchase local vs. foreign ecological brands in the industry of face and body care. Lithuanian women were polled to determine the relationship of these variables. The results indicate that the attitude towards an ecological product is related to the value of a sense of belonging and pro-environmental concern; intention to purchase a local brand is predicted by the attitude towards the local brand only, whereas intention to purchase an international brand is predicted by the attitude towards an international and ecological brand, and negatively correlates with the attitude towards a local brand
Value Creation in Innovations Crowdsourcing. Example of Creative Agencies
Get PDFInnovations are crucial for most of the companies to survive. However, the concept of innovation has become broader, including new forms of open innovation, such as crowdsourcing. The aim of this paper is to define the business model of a crowdsourcing-driven organization to create value. Empirical research consists of case studies on current crowdsourcing platforms, focus groups with potential crowd members and in-depth interviews with potential customers of creative agencies. Best practices were combined with solutions for closing the most significant gaps in order to create a successful business model. The developed model suggests separating the crowd into free users and an empowered core team and enabling collaboration. Moreover, an innovative motivational model is introduced. Due to a three-step sequence of solution/idea generation, superior value is proposed to the customer. Another competitive advantage should be flexibility and adaptability to the customer’s needs. The paper is original since extended analysis of all crowdsourcing stakeholders is delivered. It also has practical value proposing a business model for creative agencies
Predictors of Turnover Intention Among Employees in Nigeria’s Oil Industry
Get PDFIt has been debated in literature whether context more than disposition predicts organizational outcomes, but the extent to which they predict employee turnover intention has been evaded, whereas beyond theorising, this may have important consequences for employee retention and performance strategy. The predictive roles of contextual (distributive, procedural and interactional justice) and dispositional variables (conscientiousness, agreeableness and emotional stability) on turnover intention among employees in Nigeria’s oil industry were examined. Using cross-sectional survey design and multistage sampling techniques (n =750) employees comprising 534 (71.2%) males and 216 (28.8%) females with a mean age of 35 years and standard deviation of 6.88 participated in the study. The sampling frame in all 12 out of 32 companies from four clusters that make up Nigeria’s oil industry was formed using quota, proportionate and simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected using validated measures of the study variables combined into a single survey questionnaire. Significant negative relationship was found between contextual variables and turnover intention, and between dispositional variables and turnover intention respectively. Controlling for age and tenure, contextual variables accounted for higher variance in turnover intention (R2 = 0.098; F (5, 745) = 22.23, p < .001) ) than dispositional variables (R2 = 0.10; F (8, 742) = 1.51. p < .001, justifying the assumption of weak effects of dispositional traits in strong situations. Managerial implications of the findings are discussed
Perceived Ethical Leadership and Job Involvement in the Economy-specific Context
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the supervisor’s perceived ethical behavior and work involvement in the context of different economic conditions – those of developed countries and the emerging market economies of the European Union. Economy-specific impact on the perceived ethical behavior of leaders and job involvement as its resultant attitude toward work was assessed by structural equation modeling of the data drawn from the populations of emerging market economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the developed economies of Western Europe. The data for the analysis were drawn from a large-scale European Values Study. Two samples used for the analysis consist of 899 supervisors from four developed economy European countries and 709 supervisors from four emerging economy countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The results provide empirical evidence that economy-specific context impacts the leaders’ perceived ethical behavior and its relationship with the attitude to job involvement
Factors Influencing Investment Decisions in Capital Market: a Study of Individual Investors in Nigeria
Get PDFThe study seeks to determine the main factors influencing investment decisions of investors and how these factors are related to the investors’ socio-economic characteristics in the Nigerian Capital Market. The study covers individual investors using convenient sampling method to obtain information from 297 respondents through a modified questionnaire developed by Al-Tamimi (2005). Independent t- test, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests were employed. The results indicate that the five most influencing factors on investment decisions of investors in Nigeria are past performance of the company’s stock, expected stock split/capital increases/bonus, dividend policy, expected corporate earnings and get-rich-quick. Also, the five least influencing factors include religions, rumors, loyalty to the company’s products/services, opinions of members of the family and expected losses in other investments. The study finds that the socio-economic characteristics of investors (age, gender, marital status and educational qualifications) statistically and significantly influenced the investment decisions of investors in Nigeria. With regard to the past performance of the company’s stock as an assessing factor, groups of investors statistically differed in factor assessment, as segments of a group considered the factor as the most important/unimportant. Since the identified most influencing factors are usually classified as wealth maximising factors, the study recommends that the investment climate and the market environment be made friendly and conducive to attract investors by creatively developing programmes and policies that impact on investors’ decisions in order to maximise the value of the firms and enhance the wealth of the investors. The market players should re-organise the market and implement accommodating policies which will eliminate fraud and resolve the leadership crisis in the market
Managing Occupational Stress in Human Service Nonprofit Organizations in Mykolaiv, Ukraine
Get PDFThe present research responds to the lack of research on occupational stress in human service nonprofit organizations in Ukraine. The study identified the main stressors in human service nonprofits in Mykolaiv, Ukraine. Then the relationship between occupational stress and the fourteen specific stressors was tested in 11 human service nonprofit organizations in Mykolaiv. The empirical study revealed a positive relationship between occupational stress and eleven stressors. The strongest relationships were observed between job demands that fall short of employees’ skills, and job demands that exceed employees’ time to meet them. Two other stressors – low salary and clients’ trauma – were revealed to be the strongest determinants of stress, accounting for over half of its variation. The study also discovered that employees who work with different client groups experience varying stress levels, and those who work with several groups, as opposed to one, experience more stress. As the first study in human service nonprofit organizations in Mykolaiv and entire Ukraine, the present research lays the groundwork for subsequent research
Characterizing Emerging Markets
No full textThis article looks at Emerging Markets and Low Income Sector characteristics with the scope of understanding the generalizability of the market-based approaches developed in High Income Countries. The literature review highlights that existing studies have not presented clear classifications of characterics and that current listings are partial.
The article adopts and adapts the market environment theory classification and summarizes the published and documented characteristics of EM and LIS. In the process it highlights that it is necessary to distinguish between primary and secondary characteristics and that many of these characteristics overlap. Finally, it builds on the organizational theory distinction between objective and enacted environment to discuss low income sector\u27s emerging market environments as constraints or challenges