Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies
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Bastions of Irrational Conservatism? Shop-floor Accounts and the Co-evolution of Organizational and Institutional Change in Russia
Get PDFOn the whole, the co-evolutionary literature on state-business relationships in Russia conveys the idea that significant changes have occurred in property and corporate governance while less change is noticed in management structures, and workplaces are the places less touched by the systemic transformation. This paper critically assesses the idea that organizational changes only proceed from top to down and from the outside to the inside: those who interact in the workplace are not just the receiving end of change. Yet, the cognitive lenses through which this area of empirical reality is seen have often led to the superposition on shop-floor accounts of overarching frameworks such as that of surplus value extraction and the class antagonism it is bound to breed. I argue that better ways to bridge the micro-macro gap may be found within an institutional research that highlights the links between the microlevel of firm capacities for change and the meso level of organizational fields and local socioinstitutional environments. Therefore, the paper reviews some major contributions of the co-evolutionary framework with a focus on the bridging issue of emerging entrepreneurship. Then it addresses the methodological challenge of devising explanatory mechanisms that might improve our understanding of that issue. Two examples are proposed here for a comparative look at the Russian case: the attention for the “strategies of independence” of working people in classic works of industrial sociology as well as for the “social construction of markets” as aggregate outcome of such strategies in the Italian industrial districts. The paper concludes with some remarks on whether a rational model of purposive action is or is not compatible with thick descriptions and high-context explanations of the micro-meso link
The Effect of Expected Benefit and Perceived Cost on Employees’ Knowledge Sharing Behavior: a Study of It Employees in India
Get PDFIn the increasingly turbulent business environment knowledge is considered to be the most important source of sustainable competitive advantage and to sustain it, an organization must create, share, and utilize the knowledge it possesses. The critical knowledge is only available to the organization as long as employees are willing to cooperate. It can easily be lost if the employees decide to explore other opportunities outside the organization or employees fear to share knowledge with co-workers. To achieve continuous growth, organizations need to understand the factors which motivate and de-motivate the employees to share knowledge. The present study examines the impact of employees’ perception of perceived benefits and cost of knowledge sharing on their knowledge sharing behavior. Data were collected from 228 employees of two major Information Technology organizations in India. The results of regression analysis showed that benefits mainly perceived increase in expected association with others and expected contribution to organization positively influences employees’ knowledge sharing behaviour. Perceived cost was found to influence negatively on knowledge sharing behaviour. The findings of the study are expected to provide significant inputs to organizations to design the practices which make knowledge sharing an integral part of the day-to-day conversation.
 
Public Expenditure on Capital Formation and Private Sector Productivity Growth: Evidence From Lithuania and the Euro Area
Get PDFThis paper explores a relationship between government expenditure on fixed capital formation and private sector productivity in Lithuania and Euro area economies. The extent to which variations of productivity in private Lithuanian economy can be explained by the flow of government expenditure on gross capital formation is estimated from regression analysis based on Cobb-Douglas production function approach. Quarterly state-level data from Lithuania and pooled data from the Euro area countries (12 countries) for the period of 2000 – 2010 were used. The regression estimation indicates the insignificant result for the impact of volume of government expenditure on fixed capital formation on the private sector output growth. Empirical analysis also revealed the negative significant result for the government expenditure on fixed capital formation as a share of GDPfor both the Lithuania and Euro area countries.
 
Consumer Decision Model of Intelectual Property Theft in Emerging Markets
Get PDFThe increasing importance of digital piracy has prompted research on the behavioural and economics origins of illegal downloading activities. This research focuses on the potential impact of various economic, psychological and social factors on the consumer decision whether to buy or to steal music in emerging markets. These markets present specific difficulties for owners of intellectual property rights due to the high level of both downloading and ‘sharing’ of digital property. Results indicate impacts of price, downloaded music quality, ease of Internet use, attitudes toward music industry and ethical perception of music downloading on consumer purchase or pirate decision
Balancing Market Share Growth and Customer Profitability: Budget Allocation for Customer Acquisition and Retention
Get PDFThis study adds to the knowledge of budget allocation for customer acquisition and retention spending in an inertia segment. The results indicate that when retention spending surpassed the optimal budget allocation, increased spending did not grow the expected value of customer equity. Since the inertia segment is comprised of loyal customers, an examination of brand equity and its role in customer loyalty and its influence on customer equity are discussed
Joint Venture Strategy for Emerging Economy: Evidence From Russian Energy Sector
Get PDFThis paper investigates the strategies of global companies operating in power generation and supply, electrical equipment, and oil and gas industries in Russia. Russian energy sector has been considered by these companies as a huge and perspective and Russia has shown in the last two decades the greatest activity in the field of internationalization of major national industries through IJVs. Local joint ventures are therefore one of the cornerstones of these firms strategy in the respective energy sectors of Russia’s economy. These partnerships facilitate the entry process to Russia, raise an efficiency of post-entry operations, and prevent the state intervention in Russian operations of western companies
Regional Characteristics and Effects of Inward Fdi: the Case of Ukraine
No full textThis paper contributes to the analysis of the impact of FDI on host countries by taking into account the regional dimension of spillover effects. Focusing on the case of Ukraine, we explore the effects of inward FDI on changes in productivity, technology, and efficiency in local firms. For the country as a whole, the results suggest that the presence of foreign-owned firms had a negative impact on productivity change in local firms during the period 1999-2003. However, there were notable differences between the effects in the western and eastern parts of the country: the overall findings were mainly driven by the development in western Ukraine, whereas inward FDI in eastern Ukraine did not seem to have any impact on local productivity growth and technical change. These results arguably reflect deep economic and institutional differences between the two parts of Ukraine, which have led to differences in the character of incoming FDI and differences in the ability of local firms to benefit from FDI. The conclusion is that the impact of FDI on the host economy may vary even at the sub-national level, depending on the specific local environment
What Drives the Employment of Public-private Partnerships in Kazakhstan and Russia: Value for Money?
Get PDFPublic-private partnerships (PPPs) are employed in many countries as an alternative method of public service provision in which partners from the public and private sectors share their resources, responsibilities, and risks. Some well-justified factors that drive the partnership development are value for money and lack of budget funding. As PPP drivers may be unique, thepaper surveys the reasons for PPP expansion in two transitional countries, Kazakhstan and Russia. Based on detailed discussion of the commonly employed reasons for partnering (such as greater value for money, or lower total social cost associated with a PPP as opposed to contracting out a service), internal and external PPP drivers in Kazakhstan and Russia have been categorized and examined. Among internal drivers, the need to attract private initiative and funding for upgrading the utilities and housing infrastructure is most influential because of enormity of the task for which governments lack resources. The countries’ intention to align themselves with the requirements of perceived international best practices is yet additional influential driver of external nature. The paper concludes that public policy in the two countries is the major driving force for PPP development although the value for money concept and transaction cost economics appear to be neglected. The emerging PPP policy paradigm in Kazakhstan and Russia has facilitated PPP development in recent years, since 2005. However, lack of reliable solutions and instruments for PPP formation and implementation significantly slows down PPP expansion.  
