International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutics
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EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF SELETED SPECIES OF SALACIA LEAF EXTRACT
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to determine anti diabetic activity of selected seven species of Salacia such as Salacia beddomei, Salacia chinensis, Salacia fruticosa, Salacia gambleana, Salacia macrosperma, Salacia malabarica and Salacia oblonga .?-amylase and ?-glucosidase enzymes are two enzymes responsible for diabetic condition. The methanolic extract of seven species of Salacia was found to be effective against these two enzymes. The inhibitory activity of ?-amylase, S.beddomei shows IC 50 - 122g/ml , S.chinensis IC 50 - 112g/ml , S.fruticosa, IC 50 - 108g/ml , S.gambleana IC 50 - 148g/ml , S.macrosperma IC 50 - 125g/ml , S.malabarica IC 50 - 121g/ml , and S.oblonga IC 50 - 117g/ml. Inhibition of ?-glucosidase enzyme of seven species of Salacia such as S.beddomei, S.chinensis, S.fruticosa, S.gambleana, S.macrosperma, S.malabarica and S.oblonga showed IC 50 value of 107g/ml, 105g/ml, 80g/ml, 110g/ml, 109g/ml, 107g/ml and 108g/ml respectively, whereas standard Acarbose of ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase shows IC 50 value of 196 g/ml
EVALUATION OF GUM SANDARAC AS A NOVEL RELEASE CONTROLLING POLYMER FOR SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX PELLETS
Get PDFSustained release, prolonged action, extended action are the terms used to identify drug delivery system that are designed to achieve prolong therapeutic effect by continuously releasing medication over an extended period of time after administration of a single dose. Matrix systems, because of their ease of manufacture, their flexibility to obtain a desirable drug release profile, cost effectiveness, and broad regulatory acceptance are preferred for formulating these dosage forms. Polymers are the most important part in any type of release modified formulations. Predominantly hydrophobic materials are widely used to fabricate the matrix systems. Various materials are being investigated as polymers as there is scarcity of good polymeric materials to be used in pharmaceutical products. The present study was aimed at evaluating novel natural material gum sandarac, a resin obtained by incision from the stem of Callitris quadrivalvis, Ventenat (N.O. Coniferae) Pinaceae as a hydrophobic matrixing material for developing coated pellets for sustained release of drug and comparing it with well known ethyl cellulose as hydrophobic polymeric material
Comparative In Vitro Dissolution Profile of Commercial Azithromycin Dihydrate 500 mg Tablet Preparations in the Philipppines
Get PDFThis study seeks to compare the in vitro multi-point dissolution profiles between 3 off-patent products azithromycin dihydrate 500 mg and the innovator product. The paddle-type dissolution apparatus was used. This was rotated at a speed of 50 rpm using 0.1-N HCl as media. Random samples were withdrawn after certain time points and assayed for azithromycin dihydrate. Comparision between test samples and the innovator product was done by computing their similarity (f 1 ) and disimilarity (f 2 ) factors and by fitting them to various kinetics of drug release during dissolution. Test samples 1 and 3 were comparable to the innovator product because they complied with f 1 and f 2 specifications. Test sample 2, however, gave higher f 2 values making it non-equivalent with the innovator product. The Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppa kinetics of drug release characterized most of the dissolution profiles. This study showed that test samples 1 and 3 are equivalent with the innovator products in terms of comparative in vitro dissolution profiles where extra-Fickian release behaviors was exhibited by all the preparations
In vitro ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase inhibition activity of methanolic extract of marine brown alga Spatoglossum asperum
Get PDFThe intent of the present study was to provide an in vitro evidence for potential of the marine brown alga against ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase enzymes. The methanolic extract of brown alga Spatoglossum asperum showed significant ?-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 96.75 0.03% at the concentration of 900 g/mL (IC 50 = 61 g/mL). Comparably similar effect was observed against ?-amylase with 95. 37 0.02% of inhibition (IC 50 = 55 g/mL). The above results were compared with that of the standard drug acarbose. From the above results it can be concluded that the algal extract shows an effective antidiabetic activity and indicates that Spatoglossum asperum extracts can be considered as a potential source for the management of diabetes mellitus
Fabrication of gastroretentive floating swellable matrices for oral controlled and sustained release of Famotidine
Get PDFGastroretentive (GR) swellable controlled and sustained release system of Famotidine (FMT) was formulated to increase gastric residence time of drug. A combination of Guar Gum, Psyllium Husk and Rosin were selected for the present study. Floating lag time (Flag) and diffusion exponent as dependent variables revealed that the amount of Guar Gum, Psyllium Husk and Rosin have a significant effect (p 0.05) on Famotidine release and Flag. FMTGR tablets were prepared and evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content and floating property. Tablets were studied for dissolution for 12 h and exhibited controlled release of FMT with floating for 12 h. The release profile of the optimized batch G3 (Famotidine and Guar Gum in a ratio 1:2.5) fitted zero- -order kinetics
Assessment of oral acute toxicity (LD50) OF Green Health Herbal mixture in Wistar Albino rats
Get PDFGreen Health herbal mixture is a pharmacological pure herb product of Green Healthcare Limited, Aboha, Ohii, Imo State, Nigeria, approved by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) used orally and topically in the treatment of muscular ache/pain, scalp, warts, inflammation, skin infection due to bacteria/fungi, and lumps and to relieve high fever. However, its oral lethal dose is yet to be reported. Thus, this work was aimed at assessing its oral acute toxicity in wistar albino rats. The results of phase one and phase two of the study showed no mortality in any of the groups of rats in 24 hours, 72 hours and up to two weeks after oral administration of 5000 mg per kg body weight (b.w) of the herbal mixture, but the histology (photomicrograph) of the liver sections revealed multiple dose-dependent necrosis, histological lesions, and abnormal sinusoids. Therefore, oral intake of the herbal mixture at dose less than or equal to 5000 mg/kg b.w. is safe, but may not be advisable, having noted its deleterious effects on the hepatocytes via the photomicrograph (H and E 400). That is oral LD 50 > 5000 mg/kg b.w. Hence, topical usage is recommended
REVIEW ON ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS USED IN FORMULATION OF SUGAR FREE SYRUPS
Get PDFSweetening agents are employed in liquid formulations designed for oral administration specifically to increase the palatability of the therapeutic agent. The main sweetening agents employed in oral preparations are sucrose, liquid glucose, glycerol, Sorbitol, saccharin sodium and aspartame. The use of artificial sweetening agents in formulations is increasing and, in many formulations, saccharin sodium is used either as the sole sweetening agent or in combination with sugars or Sorbitol to reduce the sugar concentration in the formulation. The use of sugars in oral formulations for children and patients with diabetes mellitus is to be avoided. The present review discusses about the Artificial sweetening agents which are generally used while the preparation of Sugar-free Syrup
An updated review on pulsatile drug delivery system
Get PDFPulsatile Drug Delivery Systems are gaining a lot of interest as they deliver the drug at the right place, at the right time and in the right amount, thus providing spatial, temporal and smart delivery and increasing patient compliance. The use of pulsatile release of the drugs is desirable where constant drug release is not desired. PDDS can be classified into time controlled systems wherein the drug release is controlled primarily by the delivery system; stimuli induced PDDS in which release is controlled by the stimuli, like the pH or enzymes present in the intestinal tract or enzymes present in the drug delivery system and externally regulated system where release is programmed by external stimuli like magnetism, ultrasound, electrical effect and irradiation. The current article focuses on the diseases requiring PDDS, methodologies involved for the existing systems, current situation and future scope, recent advances in PDDS and PDDS product currently available in the market
Development and validation of UV spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of propranolol hydrochloride and rosuvastatin calcium in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form
Get PDFA new, simple and sensitive UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous quantitative determination of propranolol hydrochloride and rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. This is achieved by simultaneous equation (Vierodts method) and absorbance ratio (Q- point) method. Propranolol hydrochloride and rosuvastatin calcium exhibits maximum absorbance at 289 nm and 243 nm respectively in methanol as solvent. Beers law was found to be obeyed in the concentration range 2-40 g/ml for propranolol hydrochloride and 2-42 g/ml or rosuvastatin calcium. Method were validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ as per ICH guidelines
The effect of erythropoietin on ?-glutamyltransferase during ischemia reperfusion injury in rats
Get PDFThe aim of this experimental study was to examine the effect of erythropoietin on rat model and particularly in an ischemia reperfusion (IR) protocol. The effect of that molecule was studied biochemically using blood mean ?-glutamyltransferase (?GT) levels. Materials and methods: 40 rats of mean weight 247.7 g were used in the study. ?GT levels were measured at 60 min (groups A and C) and at 120 min (groups B and D) of reperfusion. Erythropoietin was administered only in groups C and D. Results were that Epo administration non-significantly decreased the ?GT levels by 12.70% +13.11% results of paired t-test (p= 0.3541). Reperfusion time kept non-significantly increased the ?GT levels by 6.35%+13.24% (P=0.6264). However, erythropoietin administration and reperfusion time together produced a non-significant combined effect in keeping decreased the ?GT levels by 4.62%+7.97% (P= 0.5534). Conclusions are that erythropoietin administration interacted or not with reperfusion time have non significant short term decreasing effects on ?GT levels