International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutics
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Evaluation of antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of red algae Chondrococcus hornemannii and Spyridia fusiformis
Get PDFThe antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of the red seaweed, Chondrococcus hornemannii and Spyridia fusiformis was analyzed through two different radicals such as nitricoxide and hydroxyl radicals. The extract from S. fusiformis had the highest antioxidant potential, which was also found to be equivalent to the antioxidant activities of some commercial antioxidants (BHT and L-ascorbic acid). The antioxidant assay was performed at the concentration ranging from 100 500 L. The present study confirms that C. hornemannii and S.fusiformis received special attention and used as a source of natural antioxidant
Eenhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of Furosemide by ternary solid dispersion technique
Get PDFPurpose: This investigation was carried out to determine if a solid dispersion of furosemide in different carrier such as poloxamer 407P, PEG 6000, and PVPK30 would enhance the dissolution properties of the drug. Method: Solid dispersion of drug Furosemide, PEG 6000 and Poloxamer 407 and PVP K30 were prepared with a view to study the influence of polymer on solubility and dissolution of this poorly soluble drug furosemide. Solid dispersions of furosemide were prepared using different ratios of furosemide, PEG 6000, Poloxamer 407, pvpk30 as carrier by, solvent evaporation method. They were evaluated for percentage yield, drug content, FTIR spectral studies, DSC, XRD, solubility, and in-vitro dissolution. The dissolution studies were performed at 37 0.5oC and 50 rpm in simulated gastric fluid (0.1 N HCl). Result: The solubility profile indicated that there is increase in solubility of furosemide when polymer concentration is increased. The solid dispersion complex of drug (1:4:4 ratios) of drug: poloxamer 407: pvpk30 was giving better dissolution profile as compared to pure drug and other solid dispersions. This in turn can improve the bioavailability. FT-IR, DSC shows the compatibility of drug and carrier. Conclusion: Solid dispersion technique can be used to improve the dissolution of furosemide
Simultaneous UV Spectrophotometric Methods for Estimation of Metformin HCl and Glimepiride in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form
Get PDFSimple, precise, economical, fast and reliable two UV methods have been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Metformin HCl and Glimepiride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Method A is Absorbance maxima method, which is based on measurement of absorption at maximum wavelength of 236 nm and 228 nm for Metformin HCl and Glimepiride respectively. Method B is area under curve (AUC), in the wavelength range of 217-247 nm for Metformin HCl and 213-239 nm for Glimepiride. Linearity for detector response was observed in the concentration range of 5- 25?g/ml for Metformin HCl and 5-25 ?g/ml for Glimepiride. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies and was found to be 100.23 % and 99.67 % for Metformin HCl and Glimepiride respectively. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision and specificity. The results were validated statistically as per ICH Q2 R1 guideline and were found to be satisfactory. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of for Metformin HCl and Glimepiride in commercial pharmaceutical dosage form
The Effect of Powder Blend on Drug Release Mechanisms of Hydrophobic Starch Stearate Matrix Tablets
Get PDFFree hydroxyl groups of glucose monomer of starch substituted with steroyl group by chemical modification leads to the formation of starch stearate (SS). Modification changes the nature from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and thus used as controlled release excipient. In present study, SS was evaluated as release modifying polymer and MCC, Lactose, Dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and combinations of these were used to evaluate effect on drug release of Verapamil hydrochloride (VH) and Diclofenac sodium (DS). FT-IR studies of polymer with VH and DS have shown no significant drug:polymer interactions. Decrease in in-vitro drug dissolution was observed with increase in polymer concentration. Cumulative drug released for DS (hydrophobic) was more sustained than hydrophilic drug (VH). Drug release from formulations containing 30%w/w of SS after 8h was 81.61 (for VH) and 25.08% (for DS). DCP retarded drug release more when used alone. After 8h % drug release from formulations containing 30%w/w of SS was 49.86 (VH) and 24.19 (DS). The use of lactose alone increased the drug release and combination of DCP:Lactose in equal proportion with 15 %w/w SS sustained more i.e. 42.62% (VH) drug release at the end of 8h
Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Capsicum chinense Jacq.
Get PDFThe present study investigated on the comparative evaluation of the extraction, quantification, phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Capsaicin from acetone and acetonitrile extracts of Capsicum chinense Jacq. The polar aprotic solvent extracts showed high amount of Capsaicin with pungency level of 1,529,500 Scoville Heat Units. The Thin layer chromatography method is providing a fingerprint of plant extract. The Capsaicin extracted in the solvents on TLC chromatogram was viewed under UV 254 nm and UV 366 nm and documented. The extraction and estimation of chlorophyll and Carotenoids were also performed for the plant sample following standard procedure. Phytochemical analysis shows that acetone and acetonitrile extract of callus, leaf, shoot, fruit and seed which shows abundant presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saphonins etc. The acetone and acetonitrile extract showed maximum zone of inhibition of Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus against the gram positive and gram negative bacteria respectively through agar well diffusion method. The acetone and acetonitrile extract was found to be more effective at different concentration against all the tested bacteria and fungi. The results revealed that the Capsaicin and other secondary metabolites present in the acetone and acetonitrile extract of Capsicum chinense would contribute for the further extraction and purification of capsaicin as an antimicrobial agent
Nanosuspension: a novel approach to enhance solubility of poorly water soluble drugs- A review
Get PDFSolubility is the crucial factor for drug effectiveness, independence of the route of administration. Large proportion of newly discovered drugs are water insoluble and therefore poorly bioavailable contributing to desert development effort. Nanosuspensions have emerged as a promising strategy for the efficicent delivery of hydrophilic drugs because of their versatile features and unique advantages. The reduction of drug particles into submicron range leads to a significant increase in dissolution rate and therefore enhances bioavailability. Nanosuspension contain submicron colloidal dispersion of the pharmaceutical active ingredient particles in a liquid phase stabilised by surfactant. Nanosuspensions can be delivered by oral and non-oral route of administration. Study is focused on various methods of preparation with advantages and disadvantages, characterization properties, applications
Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablet of Ciprofloxacin
Get PDFDifficulties of swallowing and first-pass metabolism are of the major limitations of oral medicaments resulting in patient non-compliance and poor oral bioavailability. These drawbacks can be avoided by the administration of alternative dosage forms e.g. mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) that dissolve upon contact with saliva and consequently allowing systemic drug absorption via buccal mucosa. This study aimed to prepare MDTs Ofloxacin containing superdisintegrants and effervescent agents. MDTs were prepared using different excipients where powdered blends were evaluated to investigate their flow properties followed by physical characterization of the directly compressed tablets. Formula (F6) containing 20mg crospovidone and effervescent base as a disintegration-aiding agent achieved the best results according to the standard specifications
Formulation and Evaluation of Modified release Bilayer Tablet of Paracetamol and Diclofenac sodium
Get PDFThe main objective of this research work is to develop a stable formulation of a NASAID drugs an immediate release layer of Paracetamol and sustain release layer of Diclofenac sodium are combine to the bilayer and evaluate their pre-compression and post-compression parameters A bilayer tablet comprises first layer formulated for instant release of the paracetamol from a dissolving tablet and a second layer formulated for sustain release Diclofenac sodium from a bilayer tablet The formulation was initiated with preparing granules of both the drug individually by wet granulation method and then then they were compressed to prepare bilayer tablet. The compressed bilayer tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, in-vitro drug release using USP dissolution apparatus and interaction study by DSC. The optimized Formulation table of formulations F5 formulation was found to be acceptable because it release drug up to 82.11 % of drug release for bilayer Tablet and this batch passed all the evaluation parameters
Formulation and evaluation of raloxifene hydrochloride tabletswith improved dissolution profile
Get PDFThe objective of this research activity was to formulate and evaluate Raloxifene Hydrochloride (RLX HCl) tablets (BCS class II drug) with enhanced aqueous solubility thereby achieving a formulation with improved dissolution characteristics. Tablets were prepared by incorporating excipients such as disintegrant, solubilizer, wetting agent and evaluated for various pre compression and post compression parameters. Also assay and in-vitro dissolution studies were performed. Formula RLX HCl 27 containing disintegrant Ac-di-sol (15 mg-intragranular and 5 mg- extragranular) and solubilizerDimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO- 10 mg) was selected as the best optimised formula.Optimised formula was scaled up and stability studies were carried out according to the stability protocol. The results indicated that the formulation was stable and had improved dissolution profile as compared to marketed tablet
Formulation of Mefenamic acid loaded polymeric nanoparticles by ionotropic gelation technique for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Get PDFAim:- Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs are generally used as first line drugs for Rheumatoid arthritis. Mefenamic acid is an anthranilic acid derivative. The short biological half life of Mefenamic acid is 2hr. The aim of this investigation was to develop and characterize polymeric nanoparticles of Mefenamic acid by ionotropic gelation technique. Materials and methods: For ionic gelation technique, Chitosan was used as polymer and sodium tripolyphosphate as cross linking agent. All formulations were prepared by varying the drug and polymer concentrations. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized for surface morphology, FTIR, particle size and zeta potential and evaluated for yield, drug content, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity and Invitro drug release. Results and discussion : The mean particle size and zeta potential of the best formulation of Mefenamic acid nanoparticles for ionic gelation technique was found to be 196nm and -34 mV respectively. The drug release was found to be 96.3% till 11hrs with fickian diffusion. Conclusions : Inotropic gelation technique was found to be the best technique for the formulation of Mefenamic acid nanoparticles as they have less particle size, greater stability and controlled drug release for 12hrs