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The “fish bones galleries” of Lyon, France: combining archaeological and geological 3D modelling to understand a mysterious ancient underground structure
No full textInternational audienc
L’impact de la crise sanitaire dans le secteur de la restauration traditionnelle française : une crise de loyauté ?
No full textInternational audienceThe COVID 19 health crisis has had a particularly significant impact on the catering sector in France (restaurant closures, mass departures, etc.). But to what extent has the resulting destabilization disrupted the previous way the sector operates? In this article, we explore the extent to which the health crisis has undermined its "ordinary normativity", characterized by a strong demand for loyalty through informal arrangements, and the distancing of national andstate regulations. To do this, we will draw on material from two studies: one on restaurant directors and managers confronted with the health crisis, and the other on cooks' relationship to work. We show that, while the health crisis was accompanied by control regulations that were fairly well received by employers, it also put to test the informal supports on which loyalty is built in working relationships in the sector. The closures represented a suspended period of time, invested by employers in the continuity of previous modes of regulation. But the conditions of the reopening and the wage standards of regulation introduced by government aids helped to cast a shadow over the sector's "ordinary normativity" and gave rise to conflicts of loyalty - the scope and limits of which need to be questioned.La crise sanitaire de COVID-19 a eu un impact particulièrement important dans le secteur de la restauration en France (fermetures d’établissements, départs massifs…). Mais dans quelle mesure lesdéstabilisations qu’elle a entraînées ont-elles bouleversé ses modes de fonctionnement antérieurs ? Nous nous demandons dans cet article jusqu’où la crise sanitaire a malmené sa « normativité ordinaire », caractérisée par une forte demande de loyauté, soutenue par l’importance d’arrangements informels et la mise à distance des régulations nationales et étatiques. Pour y répondre, nous mobiliserons le matériau issu de deux études : l’une portant sur les dirigeant.e.s et gestionnaires de restaurant confronté.e.s à la crise sanitaire, et l’autre sur le rapport au travail des cuisinier.ère.s. Nous montrons que si la crise sanitaire s’est accompagnée d’une régulation de contrôle plutôt bien accueillie par les employeur.se.s, elle a contribué à mettre à l’épreuve les appuis informels sur lesquels se construit la loyauté dans les relations de travail dans le secteur. Les fermetures ont représenté un temps suspendu, investi par les employeur.se.s dans la continuité des modes de régulation antérieures. Mais, les conditions de la reprise et les standards salariaux de régulation introduits par l’intervention gouvernementale ont contribué à jeter un trouble dans la « normativité ordinaire » et à susciter des conflits de loyauté – dont il convient d’interroger la portée et les limites
Evaluating eutrophication effects on rockys-shore epifauna with citizen science
No full textInternational audienceRocky shores, a key component of coastal ecosystems, are characterized by canopy-forming brown macroalgae that support high biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services. These environments are increasingly impacted by multiple stressors, yet there remain significant knowledge gaps regarding their impacts on biodiversity. For instance, the effects of eutrophication on rocky shore biodiversity have been extensively studied in macroalgae, but much less is known about these effects on epifauna biodiversity inhabiting these biogenic habitats, predominantly characterized by gastropod species. Disentangling the effects of eutrophication from other natural or anthropogenic drivers is challenging as epifaunal communities exhibit complex ecological responses to local conditions such as the substrate type, shore height, wave exposure, or canopy density preference. However, rocky-shore communities are easy to sample and monitor due to their accessibility and ease of identification. These characteristics make them potentially valuable for monitoring changes in coastal environments through citizen science programs. Our main research question here is whether a citizen science program focusing on epifauna can help assess the effects of eutrophication on rocky shore gastropods, which in turn would make it a suitable indicator to monitor changes in coastal ecosystems. We explore this question in a transdisciplinary initiative driven by a co-construction process between scientists and citizens, the ESPOIRS project. This project is based on an existing citizen science project “Algues Brunes et Bigorneaux” (“Brown Algae and Winkles”) which was established in 2011 and previously documented changes in epifaunal rocky shore communities due to anthropogenic stressors at a regional scale. To correctly address these questions with a citizen-science protocol, a spatial sampling design is necessary to control for confounding factors. To this end, we collaboratively developed with citizen scientists a sampling framework focusing on estuaries where eutrophication is most pronounced, while minimizing wave exposure, a factor known to significantly shape intertidal communities. Together with volunteers, we investigated seven estuaries across Brittany (France), representing diverse environmental conditions and varying concentrations of inorganic nitrogen (NO₂ + NO₃) from spring to fall 2024. In each site, we estimated the density and size structure of key gastropod species found in mid-eulittoral brown macroalgae belts (e.g., Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum) with a 0.1 m² quadrat. Additionally, the macroalgal communities within and around each quadrat were described to both control for other local effects and investigate whole community responses. This study provides new insights into understanding responses of rocky shore biodiversity to anthropogenic pressures and opens new prospects for assessing environmental quality through citizen science
Des frères mendiants en français. Critique et stéréotypie littéraire du XIIIe au XVIe siècle
No full textInternational audienceCriticism of the mendicant orders emerged in the thirteenth century during the quarrel at the University of Paris. This criticism soon found its way into French-language literature, in which it distanced itself from its original political motivation and transformed into a more general satire.La critique des ordres mendiants se développe au xiiie siècle à l’occasion de la querelle de l’université de Paris. Très tôt reprise par la littérature en langue française, elle se détache de sa motivation politique première et se transforme en une critique généralisante d’inspiration satirique
De l'antifraternalisme à la satire cléricale. Guillaume de Saint-Amour et la critique des frères mendiants en langue française
No full textInternational audienceSouvent considéré comme le point de départ de la critique des frères mendiants, le De periculis novissimorum temporum assume pourtant une radicalité singulière : il ne promeut pas la réforme des ordres mendiants, mais bien leur destruction, et se distingue en cela de la tradition satirique cléricale. On se demandera dès lors s’il existe en français des manifestations de l’antifraternalisme saint-amourien ou si, mué en satire, celui-ci est resté lettre morte en dehors du cénacle universitaire
The Height of Swiss Mercenaries, c. 1725 - c. 1865
No full textThis paper examines the evolution of the biological standard of living using anthropometric data from approximately 22,000 Swiss mercenaries born between c. 1725 and c. 1865. Analyzing mercenary data presents two key challenges: left-truncation due to height requirements and potential selection bias across regiments. We address these issues by estimating regiment-specific minimum height thresholds to account for variations in recruitment standards and resource constraints, and by controlling for regiment affiliation to mitigate selection bias. Our findings indicate a decline in average height beginning in the 1770s and continuing into the first half of the 19th century, with no evidence of recovery. While the unique nature of the mercenary sample limits broad generalizations, our results align with the economic hardships of the late 18th century, the challenges of early industrialization, and existing anthropometric evidence from Switzerland and other European countries
Treatment-free remission in chronic myeloid leukemia with rare ABL1 gene fusions: real-life study from the French CML group Fi-LMC.
No full textInternational audienceTyrosine kinase inhibitors of the BCR::ABL1 oncoprotein can be stopped without subsequent molecular relapse or major safety concerns in 40 to 80% of adult patients with P210BCR::ABL1 positive chronic myeloid leukemia with sustained deep molecular responses. In contrast, ending treatment in patients with rare rearrangements located outside the major BCR region or within the exon 3 of ABL1 remains to be explored. Twenty-four patients with chronic phase disease and diverse uncommon BCR::ABL1 transcripts who obtained sustained molecular residual disease negativity and stopped therapy in a real-life setting for various reasons were retrospectively evaluated for treatment-free remission determinants. Six patients relapsed after a median time of 6 months (range; 3-49), relapse being defined as a rise in molecular residual disease above the 3-log threshold. Treatment-free remission probabilities at 12 and 60 months were 83.3% (95% CI: 68.4-98.2%) and 70.6% (95% CI: 49.5-91.6), respectively. The type of BCR::ABL1 transcript was the only relevant baseline factor associated with durable treatment-free remission and patients with fusions lacking exon a2 sequences had the best outcome. To conclude, treatment-free remission is a reasonably achievable goal in patients with rare ABL1 fusion transcripts. Our results pave the way for recommendations in clinical practice. Nevertheless, further research is needed to determine which patients have highest chances to reach deep molecular response levels and become free from therapy and to decipher the biological impact of the different molecular rearrangements of BCR::ABL1 on treatment-free remission
Présentation du numéro -Écrire ensemble ?
No full textInternational audienceThis article introduces issue 2 of the journal Partages. Collaborative writing is considered here within a comprehensive approach to teaching, taken in a broad sense, well beyond the writing practices used in the classroom. It takes various forms depending on the context in which it is developed. Three contexts are discussed, which constitute the three parts of the issue. The focus is on writing together in collaborative research, in the context of writing instruction, and in an artistic project.Cet article introduit le numéro 2 de la revue Partages. L'écriture collaborative est considérée ici dans une approche compréhensive de l'activité enseignante, prise dans un sens large, bien au-delà des pratiques d'écriture travaillées en classe. Elle se décline de diverses manières selon les contextes dans lesquels elle s'élabore. Trois contextes sont abordés, qui constituent les trois parties du numéro. Il est question d'écrire ensemble en recherche collaborative, dans le cadre de l'enseignement de l'écriture et dans un projet artistique
Hijacking a real time detection thermocycler for enzymology: Improvement of a fluorescent bulk assay monitoring helicase activity
No full textInternational audienceHelicases are enzymes involved in all aspects of nucleic acid synthesis, regulation and degradation. As a consequence, several methods were developed to monitor their enzymatic activity. In this report, we described an improvement of bulk fluorescent helicase assays to overcome their specific limitations (cost, health and safety regulations, etc.). Using a real time detection thermocycler to monitor the fluorescence in real-time, we managed to precisely control the initiation of the helicase reaction through temperature tuning. Therefore, we were able to demonstrate that this setup could provide a qualitative and a quantitative evaluation of the helicase domain of the UPF1 helicase (UPF1-HD) and that several fluorophores could be used in parallel during the same run