HAL-ENS-LYON
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Investigating Pastoral Strategies and Mobility of Kura-Araxes Communities in Armenia: a Multi-Method Approach
No full textInternational audienceThe aim is to identify the seasonality of pastoral practices and the associated mobility of Kura Araxes communities, which will in turn allow us to define the occupation patterns on the Armenian plateau during the Early Bronze Age (c. 3500-2500 BC).Three main approaches are favoured. The first is a study of faunal data from six unpublished sites, the results of which are compared with those from older collections. These studies are based on the archaeozoological analysis of faunal assemblages from three different regions, each characterized by distinct ecozones.Secondly, traditional morphometry and geometric morphometry are combined to characterise the morphotypes exploited. In addition, a geometric morphometry protocol is being implemented to distinguish domestic cattle from European bison, with the aim of better characterising the role of this taxon in the exploitation of wild game.Finally, isotope analyses will be carried out to answer questions about human and animal mobility. The results of these analyses carried out on livestock teeth will be compared with those carried out on human remains
Early Bronze Age subsistence in Armenia: an archaeozoological approach
No full textInternational audienceThis study explores the strategies used by Kura-Araxes (KA) communities (c. 3500-2500 BC, Early Bronze Age) in Armenia to secure supplies based on animal products. The research is based on the archaeozoological analysis of faunal assemblages from three regions -Ayrum-Teghut, Shresh-Mokhrablur and Karnut-Shengavit of the Armenian plateau-, defined by distinct ceramic traditions. It seeks to identify variations in dietary strategies and animal exploitation across KA cultural subgroups. By integrating traditional zooarchaeological techniques with morphological and metric analyses, the research also examines livestock size and shape variations, offering insights into husbandry practices and regional adaptations. This project addresses a substantial gap in KA studies by aiming to provide a comprehensive zooarchaeological perspective on the Armenian plateau, regarding subsistence practices and livestock management strategies within the Caucasian heartland of the Kura-Araxes culture during the Early Bronze Age
Succession, hasard et causalité dans les réécritures d'Euripide par Hanokh Levin
No full textInternational audiencePlan de la publicationI-Généalogie rétrospective d’une démarche poétique : un dialogue subreptice avec la Poétique d’AristotePourquoi Euripide ?Pourquoi Les Troyennes, Alceste et Ion ?II-Un monde contemporain livré à l’incertitude et au désordre : réélaborer les catégories aristotéliciennes de hasard et de nécessitéRelégation des dieux et disparition des formes de la providenceViolence et tyrannie généralisées : nouvelles formes de la nécessité chez les caractères de LevinIII-Écrire pour un spectateur contemporain : composer avec AristoteCorriger le dénouement : de la surprise à la conformitéÉpurer les caractères : simplicité et motivationRepenser le pathos
Acute Remodeling of Phosphoinositide Lipids Promotes Endocytosis Downstream of RALF/FERONIA Signaling
No full textl RALF23 and RALF1 trigger acute PI4P-to-PI(4,5)P2 conversion at the plasma membrane l PI(4,5)P2/PI4P lipid dynamics in response to RALF23 is FERONIA dependent l PI(4,5)P2 production in response to RALF23 is controlled by PIP5K7/8/9 l RALF23/FERONIA trigger PI(4,5)P2 accumulation to promote global endocytosis Summary:Phosphoinositides are signaling lipids that regulate cellular responses by acting as gatekeepers of organelle identity or modulating protein localization and activity. 1 They are well established core elements of classical receptor kinase signaling in animals. 2 However, in plants, rapid phosphoinositide remodeling has not yet been recognized as a key regulation of receptor-like kinase signaling. 3,4 Here, we show that the receptor-like kinase FERONIA (FER) triggers acute phosphoinositide remodeling in response to Rapid ALkalinisation Factors23 (RALF23) and RALF1 peptides. Using high-resolution confocal microscopy, combined with microfluidics and advanced image analysis, we reveal that RALF peptides induce a rapid and FER-dependent recruitment of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) sensors at the plasma membrane and a concomitant decrease of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) sensors from the cell surface. This PI4P-to-PI(4,5)P2 conversion is regulated by PI4P 5-Kinase7 (PIP5K7), PIP5K8 and PIP5K9 and is required for RALF-induced endocytosis, a response known to safeguard growth upon recovery from stress episodes. 5-7 These findings highlight a mechanism where FER regulates the PI4P/PI(4,5)P2 balance through PIP5Ks to control stress-induced endocytosis, linking phosphoinositide dynamics, vesicular trafficking and plant growth adaptation. In addition, it uncovers that peptide/receptor modules have coopted acute phosphoinositide conversion to act as lipid second messengers in both plant and animal systems.</div
Ramparts around Lakes on Titan Impact Winds and Methane Evaporation
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding the lake–atmosphere interactions on Titan is crucial to answering some of Titan’s long-standing scientific questions, such as the unexpectedly high methane abundance close to the surface, or the “magic islands” that appear on one of the seas. Here we focus on specific lakes called Sharp-Edged Depressions, which are surrounded by high-elevation terrains called ramparts with unique structural and spectral properties. We aim at understanding how topography and surface properties around the lakes affect air–surface interactions. To study the effect of ramparts, we utilize the mtWRF model configured in 2D. We model a variety of lake morphologies: those surrounded by hills (300 m high, 30 km wide), those with no surrounding topography, and those at the bottom of a depression. To encapsulate the effects of surface properties, we vary the surface roughness, albedo, and thermal inertia. We also consider the effect of varying the background wind and the season. Our model indicates that the addition of topography creates weaker winds over the lake (≈ −30%) and reduces the quantity of methane evaporated (≈ −10%) compared to the no-topography case. However, topography results in deeper vertical transport of methane and deepens the marine layer (from a few meters to ≈ 50 m). Higher roughness (from 0.4 to 40 cm) of the ramparts tends to decrease the wind speed (≈ −50%) and reduces the horizontal extension of the lake breeze (≈ −20%). Albedo and thermal inertia variations have a negligible effect. Seasons have a strong effect on the evaporation of methane, with evaporation rates nearly 3 times higher in summer than in winter
Linking absolute environmental sustainability assessments to the sustainability transition of local policies: a case study of the Metropolis of Lyon
No full textInternational audienceLocal policies guiding sustainability transition uses targets. To be science-based, their definition can follow the principles of Absolute Environmental Sustainability Assessment. A way to define them is to use Planetary Boundaries (PB) translation methods, as they provide a systemic assessment of the environmental carrying capacities affected by a given territory. We reviewed 75 academic and non-academic publications that have carried out PB translations at the territorial level. Most of these publications aimed to guide local sustainability transitions. Yet, they did not systematically use absolute targets resting on environmental carrying capacities but rather privileged objectives originating from institutions. This may be because PB were not designed to be used operationally as local science-based targets, unlike Earth System Boundaries (ESB) framework, which aims to set operational science-based targets for local policies. There is a need to test the operationality of ESB indicators at local level. However, we have not yet identified any ESB translations in the review. In collaboration with the Metropolis of Lyon, we have tested a translation of 4 ESB indicators at the level of the metropolis of Lyon to assess impacts on climate change, biosphere functional integrity, water flows and nutrient cycles.It validates that ESB translations can set local science-based targets, some of which can be used as such, like the minimum ecosystem area to maintain functionality, or translated into pressures allocated to territories, such as the 1.5°C climate target. However, a limitation is that some of the indicators provided are not currently usable in a consumption-based analysis. We also tested that this ESB translation can enrich planning documents and local policies, especially those related to land use and climate change commitments. This analysis shows the potential and improvements needed for ESB translations to set operational, science-based targets for local policies
The AMPK-related kinase NUAK1 regulates neuronal morphogenesis through the RNA splicing co-factor SON
No full textIn recent years, alternative splicing emerged as a major mechanism controlling gene-regulatory networks during brain development, yet how alternative splicing is tuned to the dynamic alterations underlying neuronal maturation remains poorly understood. Here, we identified that NUAK1, an AMPK-related kinase linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, is a key regulator of alternative splicing in developing cortical neurons. Mechanistically, NUAK1 exerts its function through phosphorylation of the splicing co-factor SON, regulating a group of highly conserved splicing events in genes crucial for neurodevelopment. We demonstrate that SON plays an important role in cortical neuron development, which is consistent with the neurodevelopmental phenotypes observed in Zhu-Tokita-Takenouchi-Kim (ZTTK) syndrome, a genetic disorder caused by SON haploinsufficiency. Together, our findings uncover a novel pathway involving NUAK1 and SON, which orchestrate a splicing program required for proper neuronal development
Ballistic particle transport and Drude weight in mono-atomic gases
No full textOwing to the fact that, in the particular case of non-relativistic mono-atomic gases, the particle current operator is proportional to the operator of the total momentum, the particle transport in such systems is always ballistic and fully characterized by a Drude weight . The Drude weight can be calculated as a generalized susceptibility from a generalized Gibbs ensemble. For the case of the integrable one dimensional Bose gas with contact interactions this susceptibility can be obtained exactly and explicitly from a generalized Yang-Yang thermodynamic formalism. The result is temperature independent and given by , where is the density of the gas and its Fermi momentum. Our expression, derived by first principle calculations, confirms a more involved formula obtained heuristically by means of generalized hydrodynamics
