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New Neandertal remains from Sirogne Cave (Lot, France): implications for human evolution and behavior prior to the last interglacial
No full textInternational audienceWhile neighboring regions have yielded numerous Neandertal remains, few discoveries have been reported from the limestone plateaus of the Quercy region in France [1]. However, the accidental discovery in 2006 of a Neandertal-like hemimandible and a deciduous tooth by a speleologist in Sirogne Cave — located within a Jurassic karst system in the northern part of the Alzou Canyon near Rocamadour (Lot, France) — prompted six excavation seasons between 2013 and 2018. These aimed to better understand the chronology, modes of Neandertal occupation, and biological evolution of the populations using the site.The excavations clarified the context of the 2006 discovery and revealed a partially disturbed stratigraphy, affected by recent human interventions. Nevertheless, several preserved layers, covered by stalagmitic floors along the western wall of the cave, were identified. Most notably, nearly 100 human fossils were unearthed from the cave, representing at least 10 individuals: Three children (aged 3–8 years), two adolescents, three young adults, and two older adults. The remains include two hemimandibles (one immature, one adult), over 80 isolated teeth, and infracranial elements. Although most come from sediments affected by post-depositional processes, all exhibit unambiguous Neandertal features. Several infracranial bones show cutmarks indicative of dismemberment and disarticulation, suggesting complex mortuary behaviors. The reworked layers also contained faunal remains from over 20 taxa, reflecting a broad but clearly Pleistocene spectrum resulting from both natural and anthropogenic accumulations. More than 2,000 lithic artefacts in quartz, flint, and limestone were also recovered, pointing to at least two Paleolithic techno-complexes: one attributed to the Middle Paleolithic and another to the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. Moreover, Sirogne may correspond to the “Crozo del Dua” cave excavated in the early 20th century by André Niederlander, which yielded five isolated Neandertal teeth and a lithic assemblage [1-3]. Our reanalysis of his faunal collectionled to the identification of two additional Neandertal remains — a phalanx and a lower permanent canine — morphologically consistent with the Sirogne material. Combined geological, taphonomic, biochronological, and absolute dating of the stalagmitic floors and associated sediments place the Neandertal fossils within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, most probably at the end of the Middle Pleistocene (ca. 150,000–130,000 years ago), which represents a critical, yet poorly documented, phase in Neandertal evolutionary history [4].Morphometric analyses of the teeth and mandibles suggest that the Sirogne individuals are more closely aligned with early Neandertals (pre-MIS 5) than with later groups. They exhibit classic Neandertal features and share affinities with Middle Pleistocene fossils based on external dental dimensions, enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) shape, and non-metric dental traits. Additionally, the low inter-individual variation in EDJ morphology indicates significant biological homogeneity within the Sirogne group. This homogeneity appears even greater than that observed at the Krapina MIS 5e site (Croatia), possibly reflecting regional isolation during MIS 6. Altogether, this exceptional assemblage offers rare and crucial insights into 18 population dynamics and evolutionary processes during a key period in Neandertal history. The evidence supports a model of strong group structuring and complex demographic patterns in Europe prior to 120,000 years ago [4]. Further analyses are currently underway, including attempts at ancient DNA extraction, calcium isotope studies for dietary reconstruction, and SR-microCT imaging of dental microstructures to explore growth patterns and developmental stress. A new three-year excavation project will further refine the chronocultural context and clarify the processes underlying the accumulation of human remains at the site
Babel-formal: Translation of Proofs between Lean and Rocq
No full textInternational audienceIn this work, we investigate using proof terms (the low-level representation of formal proofs) as a pivot language for translating proof scripts between proof assistants and across tactic sets. Unlike direct proof translation, this approach does not require an aligned training corpus; it only needs aligned context at inference time so that both systems elaborate comparable terms. We compare two strategies: (1) direct script-to-script translation with an off-the-shelf LLM (GPT-5), and (2) proof term translation, where an LLM turns a proof term into a proof script in the target language. We build a small benchmark of aligned sources (14 files, 117 lemmas) across Lean and Rocq, and train models to map Lean and Rocq proof terms back to their native proof scripts. Our experiments show that proof term translation works for cross-assistant translation and for translation between tactic sets. It is complementary to using a SoTA off-the-shelf LLM for direct proof script translation (combining both performs best), scales easily in terms of training data, and handles tactic-set translation better (e.g., vanilla Rocq → SSReflect)
Abécédaire de la connaissance sensible
No full textInternational audienceCet abécédaire interroge la sensibilité des chercheurs et des chercheuses, quelle qu’elle soit, pour en faire une matière à penser. En fil rouge, émerge l’idée selon laquelle la connaissance sensible vient enrichir la connaissance conceptuelle et non lui faire obstacle.Riche de quatre-vingt-quatre entrées claires et synthétiques rédigées par des spécialistes de lettres, sciences humaines et sociales, il propose une réflexion ancrée dans le monde de la recherche, et plus précisément sur sa part du « sensible », mot dont la polysémie évoque à la fois la perception par les sens, la vulnérabilité des universitaires, et l’aspect parfois polémique de leurs travaux. Chaque contributeur, chaque contributrice décline ainsi son rapport à la connaissance sensible, toujours en lien avec l’actualité scientifique.La réflexion collective proposée dans ces pages vise, in fine, à ausculter l’acte de recherche en lettres, sciences humaines et sociales, et à orienter le regard non vers les découvertes produites, mais bien vers celles et ceux qui en sont à l’origine
Un ensemble céramique inédit du haut Moyen Âge en Corse du Sud (Valle di l’Olmu, Afa) : études pluridisciplinaires
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Paths to Employment Liberalization in England and France
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter focuses on the evolution of teacher employment regimes in England and Franc
Instruire des pratiques littéraciques plurilingues: quand la langue fait obstacle en littérature. Moving from Compensation to capability
No full textInternational audienceThere are situations where learners face obstacles because the language they need to know is not yet well mastered, limiting their access to literacy practices in that language. These cases have become the subject of our research. From a didactic perspective, we examine the vulnerabilities experienced by multilingual individuals throughout their education, from school to university. In other words, our goal is to open literary education to the multilingual practices students bring with them.Psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic studies have shown that when people are prevented from acting through language, they often develop linguistic insecurity (Francard, 1993). Addressing this issue is therefore an ethical matter, as it concerns “our collective and individual well-being” (CDPE, 2024, p. 387).Within specific forms of cooperative research (Sensevy, 2011), we collaborate with teachers, trainers, inspectors, and master’s students in Didactics Research to design and test, since 2013, new language-teaching frameworks. These frameworks are conceived as empowering multilingual environments (Fleury, 2019)—that is, learning situations in which students can, if they wish, draw on plurilingual strategies such as intercomprehension, mediation, or language comparison.We develop our approach in the field of literature by examining the plurilingual study of the Brazilian author Maria Carolina de Jesus’s Quarto de despejo, a foundational work of Brazilian literature. A study of two beginner students of Portuguese at the University of Brest illustrates how reading a literary text in three languages—English, Portuguese, and French—can foster inclusive and effective translanguaging practices, leading to a more critical reading of the work while expanding the students’ Portuguese vocabulary.Through this, we aim to identify an exemplary type of situation (Kuhn, 2012) that can inform ongoing reflection within the paradigm of plurilingual education (Coste, 2010), particularly concerning how learners acquire lexical knowledge in the target language, transmit plurilingual knowledge (Dewey, 2011), and develop critical thinking skills.Il est des situations d’empêchement, où la langue à connaitre, parce qu’insuffisamment maîtrisée, bride l’accès aux pratiques littéraciques dans cette langue. De ces situations, nous avons fait un objet d’étude. Depuis le point de vue de la didactique, nous explorons la question des vulnérabilités des personnes en situation de plurilinguisme de l’école jusqu’à l’université. Autrement dit, nous travaillons à ouvrir l’éducation littéraire aux pratiques plurilingues des élèves. Les travaux en psycholinguistique et en sociolinguistique nous ont appris que, de l’empêchement d’agir langagièrement, naît l’insécurité linguistique (Francard, 1993). Il y a donc un enjeu éminemment éthique à traiter de cet empêchement qui concerne « notre bien-être collectif et individuel » (CDPE, 2024, p387.). Au sein d’ingénieries coopératives (Sensevy, 2011) d’un type particulier, nous réfléchissons, avec des professeur.e.s, des formatrices, des inspectrices, des étudiant.e.s en master Recherche En Didactique, à des dispositifs d’enseignent des langues que nous testons in situ depuis 2013. Ces dispositifs sont pensés comme des situations multilingues capacitaires (Fleury, 2019). Nous qualifions ainsi toute situation d’apprentissage d’une langue, au sein de laquelle l’élève pourra, s’il le souhaite, recourir à des stratégies plurilingues (intercompréhension, médiation, comparaison des langues, etc.). Nous développerons notre proposition dans le domaine de la littérature, à travers l’exemple de l’étude plurilingue de l’œuvre de Maria Carolina de Jesus, intitulée Quarto des depejos ; une œuvre fondatrice de la littérature brésilienne.L'étude de 2 cas d'étudiants débutants en portugais à l'université de Brest permettra de montrer comment l’étude d’une œuvre littéraire dans trois langues (anglais, portugais, français) peut conduire à des pratiques de translangage efficaces et inclusives pour parvenir à une lecture critique de l’œuvre et ce faisant, d’enrichir leur lexique en portugais. Nous entendons ainsi déterminer un type de situation exemplaire (exemplar) (Khun, 2012) susceptible d’alimenter, dans le paradigme de l’éducation plurilingue (Coste, 2010), les réflexions sur l’acquisition de savoirs lexicaux en langue cible, la transmission de savoirs plurilingues (Dewey, 2011) et sur le développement de l’esprit critique
Provenance Studies of Byzantine and Levantine Pottery Imported to Kinet Höyük
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Complexity of mixed Schatten norms of quantum maps
No full textWe study the complexity of computing the mixed Schatten norms of linear maps between matrix spaces. When is completely positive, we show that can be computed efficiently when . The regime is known as the non-hypercontractive regime and is also known to be easy for the mixed vector norms [Boyd, 1974]. However, even for entanglement-breaking completely-positive trace-preserving maps , we show that computing is -complete when p>1. Moving beyond the completely-positive case and considering to be difference of entanglement breaking completely-positive trace-preserving maps, we prove that computing is -complete. In contrast, for the completely-bounded (cb) case, we describe a polynomial-time algorithm to compute and for any linear map and