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Real-world evidence of dalbavancin effectiveness as consolidation therapy in infective endocarditis due to Enterococcus spp.
No full textInternational audienceEnterococcal endocarditis (EIE) affects elderly patients, with high rates of complications and mortality, and dalbavancin (DBV) exhibits significant antimicrobial activity against most enterococci. However, data are lacking on the use of DBV in EIE. The main objective was to evaluate the outcomes of treatment with DBV in the consolidation therapy of IE by Enterococcus spp.Methods: Spanish-French retrospective observational study of patients with EIE enrolled between November 2016 and June 30, 2022 receiving DBV in consolidation phase and followed for ≥12 months.Results: Ninety-eight patients were enrolled, 69.4 % male, with mean age of 71.2 (±12.51) years and median Charlson index of 5 (IQR 3-7). Criteria for definite IE were met by 84.7%; 60.2 % had IE on native valve, 26.5 % late prosthetic IE, 8.2 % early prosthetic IE, 2 % cardiovascular implantable electronic-IE (CIE-IE), and 3.1 % CIE-IE and valve. Aortic valve involvement was observed in 66.3 %. E. faecalis was isolated in 86.7 %, E. faecium in 11.2 %; 32.6 % underwent surgery, and these had a higher cure rate (100 % vs 75.8 %; p = 0.005) and lower mortality (0 vs 13.6 %; p = 0.029). DBV was administered to facilitate discharge in 88.8 %. Total dose was 2500 mg (1500-3000) over 3.5 weeks (2-4). Loss to follow-up was 0 %, relapse rate 8.2 %, 1-year IE-related mortality 3.1 %, and clinical cure rate 81.2 %. Severe adverse events affected 1 % (acute tubular necrosis). Hospital stay was reduced by 21 days (14-28).Conclusions: DBV appears to be highly effective, safe, and cost-effective as consolidation therapy in patients with IE caused by Enterococcus spp., with minimal adverse events
Catherine qui fut de Sienne : Ecrits et culte de sainte Catherine en Italie et en France (XIVe-XXIe siècle)
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"Le rôle de la bibliographie dans les dictionnaires biographiques"
No full textInternational audienceThis article sets out to consider the relationship between the bibliography and the biography, focusing on the many biographical dictionaries of the 19th century. Contemporaries may have seen the bibliography as the future of the biography at a time when writers’ lives, devoid of facts, were presented as little more than the sequence of their books. However, the bibliography was also soon disparaged, being too dry for an ever expanding audience. With their intriguing anecdotes, biographies piqued readers’ curiosity and sold well. The article goes on to suggest that contrary to contemporaries’ ideas, the bibliography section of biographical notices – the list of works – is anything but neutral or objective: it is the product of an arrangement that creates the author’s image and literary legitimacy. The discrepancies between notices for a given author in different dictionaries are quite telling in this respect.L’article entend réfléchir aux rapports de la bibliographie et de la biographie, en s’intéressant particulièrement aux nombreux dictionnaires biographiques du xixe siècle. La bibliographie a pu apparaître aux contemporains comme l’avenir de la biographie, à une époque où les vies des écrivains, pauvres en faits, se résument à la succession de leurs publications. Cependant la bibliographie s’est aussi trouvée tôt décriée, trop aride pour un public qui va s’élargissant. Pourvoyeuse d’anecdotes piquantes, la biographie excite la curiosité et fait vendre. L’article suggère alors que contrairement aux idées des contemporains, la partie bibliographique des notices biographiques – la liste des œuvres – n’a rien de neutre ou d’objectif : elle résulte d’un agencement qui construit l’image de l’auteur et sa légitimité littéraire. Les divergences entre notices de dictionnaires différents pour un même auteur sont de ce point de vue révélatrices
Holographic deformations of matrix models
No full textInternational audienceWe study maximal supergravity in two dimensions, obtained from reduction of IIA supergravity on an sphere. The theory captures the low-lying fluctuations around the non-conformal D0-brane near-horizon geometry, dual to operators in the BFSS matrix model. Upon exciting some of the supergravity scalars, we construct half-supersymmetric domain wall solutions preserving subgroups of the original symmetry. We determine their uplift to ten dimensions and the corresponding distributions of D0-branes. Finally, we compute the fluctuations around these domain wall backgrounds, corresponding to holographic two-point correlation functions in the Coulomb branch of the matrix model
Heavy metal et péril jeune : entre émancipation générationnelle et récupérations néolibérales
No full textInternational audienceIn the mid-1980s, as the United States was gripped by intense moral panics, heavy metal was seen as a serious threat by several conservative right-wing organizations. Many musicians were accused of corrupting the youth and dragging the “MTV generation” into a cycle of violence, sexual deviance, and satanism. Our analysis focuses on films produced between 1985 and 2000 that, by emphasizing a clear generational divide, mock these reactionary movements to appeal to a young audience seeking emancipation—examples include “Weird Science” (1985), “Black Roses” (1988), “Wayne’s World” (1992), and “Detroit Rock City” (1999). However, rather than simply examining how these films narrativize generational conflict, we also highlight the contradictions within these productions—some of which were commercial and promotional ventures—that reflect a culture intertwined with the rise of neoliberal policies.Au milieu des années 1980, alors que les États-Unis sont animés par d’intenses paniques morales, le heavy metal est perçu comme un grave danger par plusieurs associations issues de la droite conservatrice. De nombreux musiciens sont accusés de pervertir la jeunesse et de plonger la “génération MTV” dans un triptyque de violence, de perversion sexuelle et de satanisme. Notre communication porte sur les films produits entre 1985 et 2000 qui, en jouant sur une claire opposition générationnelle, tournent en dérision ces mouvements réactionnaires pour séduire un public jeune en quête d’émancipation, à l’instar de “Weird Science” (1985), de “Black Roses” (1988), de “Wayne’s World” (1992) ou encore de “Detroit Rock City” (1999). Toutefois, sans nous limiter à observer la mise en récit d’une dialectique générationnelle, nous montrons que ces productions, mercantiles et promotionnelles pour certaines, portent en elles des contradictions propres à une culture qui accompagne l’essor des politiques néolibérales
Des filles qui ne « bougent pas » ? Un attachement territorial sous influence scolaire
No full textInternational audienceIn a context where the injunction for geographical mobility among rural youth is highlighted by numerous studies and reports, this article aims to analyze the spatial socialization of young women who grew up in a rural region, who are apparently particularly affected by this injunction. Based on an ethnographic survey conducted in a historically agricultural rural area, isolated from large urban centers, it specifically examines the influence of vocational high school education and the expectations conveyed within this setting. This spatial socialization in the school context partly relies on the socialization within working-class families, whose practices are more or less rejected by teachers depending on class fractions. Forms of spatial assignment coexist with the promotion of certain geographical mobilities by the teachers, contributing to the reproduction of the social order.Dans un contexte où l’injonction à la mobilité géographique envers les jeunes ruraux est pointée par de nombreuses études et rapports, cet article propose d’analyser la socialisation spatiale de jeunes femmes ayant grandi dans un département rural, a priori particulièrement concernées par cette injonction. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée dans un territoire rural historiquement agricole et isolé des grandes agglomérations, il explore plus précisément l’influence de la formation en lycée professionnel et des attentes qui y sont véhiculées. Cette socialisation spatiale en contexte scolaire s’appuie en partie sur la socialisation dans des familles de classes populaires, dont les pratiques sont plus ou moins dépréciées par les enseignantes selon les fractions de classes. Des formes d’assignation spatiale coexistent alors avec la promotion de certaines mobilités géographiques par les enseignantes, contribuant à une reproduction de l’ordre social
Quelle connaissance les Minoens avaient-ils des éléphants ? Les râpes de Phaistos et les défenses de Zakros.
No full textInternational audienceThe present study is based on two observations: the presence of a type of Minoan vessel at Phaistos and Agia Triada, and the elephant tusks found in the storeroom of the Palace of Zakros, three sites in Crete. The examination of these objects allowed us to develop two hypotheses. The first concerns the cups called “grater”, which include inside an element that served as rasp. The shape and surface of the rasp are surprisingly reminiscent of the outline and the design of the masticatory surface of elephant molars. This led us to revisit the fossil elephants of this island and to look for the degree of similarity between the elephant molars and the design of some rasps from Phaistos and Agia Triada, dating from c. 1800-1700 BC. The second hypothesis relates to the provenance of elephant ivory, used in Crete from c. 1600 BC to manufacture many precious objects (seals, plaques, figurines, statuettes, etc.), based on the raw elephant tusks found in a storeroom at Zakros, and dated to 1500-1450 BC. The morphological comparison of these tusks with those of fossil elephants from Crete and the extant species from Asia and Africa, as well as the examination of palaeontological, archaeological, iconographic and epigraphic data, allow us to suggest the attribution of the tusks of Zakros to Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758 which lived in the Levant until around 1200 BC. This affinity would deserve to be supported by microstructural and isotopic analyses
A Collaborative Vocabulary Notebook as a Complementary Tool to Language Courses at the University Level
No full textInternational audienceWhile essential to second language learning, vocabulary learning is a complex and time-consuming task. It rarely takes place explicitly in classrooms and, consequently, learners are often expected to carry out this activity autonomously. Many tools targeting vocabulary learning exist, but they are frequently conceptualized as stand alone products, leaving little room for integration within institutional curricula and collaboration between learners. In this paper, we present a shared vocabulary notebook tool to enhance vocabulary learning in and outside the classroom. This tool was designed according to an iterative and participatory process to integrate both learners’ and teachers’ needs. In 2024, we conducted a 6-week study in 4 classes of French L2 learners at Carnegie Mellon University. We explored both learners’ and teachers’ uses and perceptions of the tool. We cross-checked interaction traces to qualitative outputs (i.e., focus groups carried out with the learners and interviews involving participating teachers). We present results regarding the integration of the tool in teaching and learning practices, the expectations and apprehensions linked to the collaborative and social dimensions, and the limitations of a stand-alone vocabulary notebook tool. Our findings have broader implications for the community as regards the design of tools to support vocabulary learning
Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). Galaxy shapes and alignments in the cosmic web
No full textInternational audienceGalaxy morphologies and shape orientations are expected to correlate with their large-scale environment, since they grow by accreting matter from the cosmic web and are subject to interactions with other galaxies. Cosmic filaments are extracted in projection from the Euclid Quick Data Release 1 (covering 63.1 ) at ) in the projected cosmic web is analysed as a function of morphology measured from VIS data. Specifically, the 2D alignment of galaxy shapes with large-scale filaments is quantified as a function of Sérsic indices and masses. We find the known trend that more massive galaxies are closer to filament spines. At fixed stellar masses, morphologies correlate both with densities and distances to large-scale filaments. In addition, the large volume of this data set allows us to detect a signal indicating that there is a preferential alignment of the major axis of massive early-type galaxies along projected cosmic filaments. Overall, these results demonstrate our capabilities to carry out detailed studies of galaxy environments with Euclid, which will be extended to higher redshift and lower stellar masses with the future Euclid Deep Survey
'On assiste à un renouveau des mouvements sociaux dans les campagnes'
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