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Magnetic Thomas-Fermi theory for 2D abelian anyons
No full textTwo-dimensional abelian anyons are, in the magnetic gauge picture,represented as fermions coupled to magnetic flux tubes. For the groundstate of such a system in a trapping potential, we theoretically andnumerically investigate a Hartree approximate model, obtained byrestricting trial states to Slater determinants and introducing a self-consistent magnetic field, locally proportional to matter density. This leads to a fermionic variant of the Chern-Simons-Schrödinger system. We find that for dense systems, a semi-classical approximation yields qualitatively good results. Namely, we derive a density functional theory of magnetic Thomas-Fermi type, which correctly captures the trends of our numerical results. In particular, we explore the subtle dependence of the ground state with respect to the fraction of magnetic flux units attached to particles
On the Application of <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>235</sup>U, and <sup>232</sup>Th Decay Series Disequilibria to Understanding the Processes and Timescales of Oceanic Basalt Petrogenesis
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding how processes of magma genesis and magma differentiation control and modify the chemical composition of erupted lavas from the geochemical measurements of the latter is an under-constrained inverse problem, as there is only one known parameter—the measured composition of the erupted lava—but two unknown parameters—the chemical composition and lithology of the source before melting and how melting, crystallization, and melt–rock interactions act to alter the lava en route to the surface. In this invited contribution, we review nearly seven decades of scientific research that demonstrate the potential of U and Th decay series measurements for unraveling the complexities of oceanic magmatism. We review the underlying nuclear theory, geochemical principles, and application of the 238U, 235U, and 232Th decay series for (i) defining the timescales of magma genesis during decompression mantle melting, (ii) establishing the timescales of magma recharge and magma degassing, and (iii) determining the eruption ages of oceanic Quaternary volcanism
The lithosphere - asthenosphere system seen by surface waves: New insights from radial anisotropy
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From Wisconsin Institutionalism to American Macroeconomics: The Issue behind Unemployment Insurance (1910-1940) in the United States
No full textInternational audienceSocial policy has been a field of analytical and political debates during the New Deal. While historians of economic thought have studied this period in depth, the field of social policy has been somehow neglected. This paper focuses on the quarrel (as it was named by US American historians) which occurred during the genesis of unemployment insurance in the United-States during the 1930's. This historical debate opposes Wisconsin's Institutionalism led by John R. Commons and a diffuse group composed of reformers and economists developing some "Keynesian elements" in American thought. The paper argues that, while there is clearly a link between Commons and Keynes's thinking, the fact is that on the specific subject of employment, Commons charts his own course and advocates a "structural supply-side policy" centered on institutional reform in the implementation of unemployment insurance in the United-States.We highlight the lessons from this debate that took place among advocates of social security, revealing two conceptions of the social control of capitalism and two institutional designs for unemployment assurance. By completing the historiography of this period, the paper challenges the conventional wisdom by arguing that the New Deal in social policy does not really embody Commons' specific philosophy and economics
Language and Screen-Based Multimodal Communication
No full textCollection online "Social Sciences"The main objective of this article is to explore how language and languaging are impacted by the mediatization of digital technologies. First we point to the main characteristics of screen-based communication, that is multimodality, interactivity, mobility, relationship to time and technogenres. Then we address three current research issues: multilingualism and translations, discrimination and hate speech, and automatic processing of languages in large language models
Le handicap pendant le long Moyen Âge
No full textNational audienceThis chapter (250,000 characters) presents a synthesis of current historical research on various ‘disabilities’ from 313 to 1789. Falling within the field of cultural disability history, it goes beyond the traditional inclusion/exclusion lens used to analyse the existence of ‘disabled’ people in the past, in favour of the more nuanced concept of social participation.Ce chapitre (250 000 signes) présente une synthèse de la recherche historique actuelle sur les différents "handicaps" de 313 à 1789. Inscrit dans le champ des cultural disability history, il dépasse le prisme inclusion/exclusion traditionnellement employé pour analyser l'existence des personnes "infirmes" du passé, au profit notamment de la notion de participations sociales, plus nuancée
L’écriture de l’histoire des théâtres lyriques parisiens entre 1847 et 1913
No full textInternational audienceNineteenth-century Parisian musical life was closely followed by the press throughout Europe. A particular category of writings were the monographs in French devoted to the history of the main Parisian lyric theatres, such as the Opéra, the Opéra-Comique and the Théâtre-Italien. The aim of this article is to offer a comparative analysis of twenty of these works published between 1847 and 1913 by Solié, Castil-Blaze, Véron, de Lasalle, Thurner, Nuitter, Royer, Fouque, d’Heylli, Malherbe, Soubies, Pougin and Huret. This study examines the professional activities of these authors, their links with the theatre industry, the nature of their sources, and the choice and hierarchy of subjects. The first two parts of this article consist of a comparative presentation of the twenty works in the corpus and their authors. The third part is devoted to the internal organisation of the works and the fourth to the gradual transition from musicographer to musicologist.Au XIXe siècle, la vie musicale parisienne est attentivement suivie par la presse généraliste ou spécialisée à l’échelle européenne. Une catégorie particulière d’écrits est constituée par les monographies en français consacrées à l’histoire des principaux théâtres lyriques parisiens, tels que l’Opéra, l’Opéra-Comique, le Théâtre-Italien ou le Théâtre-Lyrique. L’objet de cet article est de proposer une analyse comparée d’une vingtaine de ces ouvrages publiés entre 1847 et 1913 par Solié, Castil-Blaze, Véron, de Lasalle, Thurner, Nuitter, Royer, Fouque, d’Heylli, Malherbe, Soubies, Pougin et Huret. Cette étude interroge les activités professionnelles de ces auteurs, leurs liens avec l’industrie théâtrale, la nature de leurs sources, le choix et la hiérarchie des sujets. Les deux premières parties de cet article consistent en une présentation comparative des vingt ouvrages du corpus et de leurs auteurs. La troisième partie est consacrée à l’organisation interne des ouvrages et la quatrième au passage progressif du musicographe au musicologue
« Profiter. ‘Avant de se caser’ : pourquoi hommes et femmes ne suivent pas les mêmes étapes ? »
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Back to the suture: Bridge River−Hozomeen ribbon cherts reveal long-lived ocean plate stratigraphy and polarity of subduction in western North America
No full textInternational audienceOceanic sutures are important components of accretionary orogens. This study focuses on the Bridge River−Hozomeen terrane, which straddles the Canada-USA border in the Coast-Cascade mountains, and is involved in the debate on the number of oceanic sutures of western North America and their relationships to paleo-Pacific plates (i.e., Andean versus Archipelago models). Currently exposed as two paleo-accretionary complexes offset by Eocene strike-slip faulting, the terrane is dominated by large volumes of mafic rocks and radiolarian chert (ocean plate stratigraphy). Revising the age and distribution of 96 radiolarian localities bearing 350 taxa reveals a long-lived record from the Mississippian to the Middle or Late Jurassic, spanning 170−190 m.y. The radiolarian assemblages are characterized by open-ocean, mixed Tethyan and Panthalassan signatures, likely associated with low-latitude ocean transit scenarios. The distribution of chert ages within the restored accretionary complex suggests a west-younging polarity of the accreted oceanic rocks, which is more consistent with an east-dipping subduction. The Bridge River−Hozomeen suture appears to wrap around the Insular superterrane toward the western oceanic units of Washington state, USA, while another major suture represented by the Cache Creek terrane has more affinities with the Baker terrane in Oregon, USA, and the central Klamath terranes in California, USA. Though exposed on a relatively short segment of the Cordillera, the Bridge River−Hozomeen terrane stands out as a significant paleo-oceanic “window” of western North America
Zeuxis redivivus. Art et émulation dans l’Europe du XVe au XVIIe siècle
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