European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies
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Xenofobia y migración venezolana en Ecuador: Entre percepciones de inseguridad y competencia laboral
No full textAbstract: Xenophobia and Venezuelan migration in Ecuador: Between insecurity and labor competitionThis article analyses how the relationship between perceptions of insecurity and labour competition informs perceptions of community rejection of Venezuelan migrants and refugees working in the informal commerce of Ecuador. While current debates assume the perceived insecurity to be the consequence of governmental safety policies and criminalization of migrants by the state and media, labour competition is often seen as an intrinsic economic condition for xenophobia. This study provides initial findings of perceptions of labour market competition from interviews with key actors, as well as surveys and focus groups in Quito’s informal labour market (2018-2019). Results indicate that this attitude of rejection towards Venezuelans did not emerge directly from labour competition in daily interaction, but because of imageries of “invasion and insecurity” circulated by the media, the security-focused response of the state, and the roll-back of the state in social investment and public employment.ResumenEl propósito de este artículo es analizar la relación entre inseguridad y competencia laboral como percepciones de rechazo de la población local hacia la población migrante venezolana en el comercio informal de Ecuador. Mientras la percepción de inseguridad se concibe en debates actuales como consecuencia de políticas securitistas y de criminalización de migrantes por parte del estado y los medios, la competencia laboral se asume frecuentemente como una condición económica intrínseca de la xenofobia. Este estudio presenta una primera aproximación a la percepción de competencia laboral con base en entrevistas con actores claves, grupos focales y encuestas sobre situación laboral informal en Quito. Los resultados apuntan a que estas actitudes de rechazo no provienen directamente de la competencia laboral diaria en el comercio informal, sino de los imaginarios de “invasión e inseguridad” generados por los medios, de la respuesta securitista del gobierno y del retroceso del estado en inversión social y empleo público
Review of Neoliberal resilience. Lessons in democracy and development from Latin America and Eastern Europe
No full textNeoliberal resilience. Lessons in democracy and development from Latin America and Eastern Europe, by Aldo Madariaga, Princeton University Press, 2020
Hybrid, Unjust and Weak: Citizenship regimes in Brazilian prisons
No full textFor Brazilian inmates, prisons are mostly spaces of rights denial, above and beyond the sanctions that have been formally imposed on them. Almost all of them, nonetheless, still enjoy some rights. This paper examines the range and allocation of those, as well as their determinants. This essay understands citizenship as a bundle of rights whose scope and quality are determined by the terms of the bargains through which those rights are allocated. These bundles, together with the mechanisms and institutional arrangements that define their component rights are in turn understood as citizenship regimes. The paper examines three citizenship regimes that are common in male Brazilian prisons: the regime that is fully controlled by the state, and those that are managed either by criminal factions or by inmates (“keyholders” or “chaveiros”) vested of governance authority by prison administrators. The overall system they conform is a hybrid composite of state and non-state rights enforcement arrangements. The allocation of rights it produces is deeply unequal. And the range and quality of the rights enjoyed by the vast majority of inmate is narrow and poor.
Building blocks for a new paradigm? State-making, society and violence in twentieth-century Mexico
No full text– Unrevolutionary Mexico. The Birth of a Strange Dictatorship, by Paul Gillingham, Yale University Press, 2021.– Agrarian Revolt in the Sierra of Chihuahua, 1959-1965, by Elizabeth Henson, The University of Arizona Press, 2019.– In the Vortex of Violence. Lynching, Extralegal Justice, and the State in Post-Revolutionary Mexico, by Gema Kloppe-Santamaría, University of California Press, 2020.– Unintended Lessons of Revolution. Student Teachers and Political Radicalism in Twentieth-Century Mexico, by Tanalís Padilla, Duke University Press, 2021.– [Tiempo suspendido]. Una historia de la desaparición forzada en México, 1940-1980, by Camilo Vicente Ovalle, Bonilla Artigas Editores, 2019
Review of Élites, radicalismo y democracia: Un estudio comparado sobre América Latina
No full textÉlites, radicalismo y democracia: Un estudio comparado sobre América Latina, by Asbel Bohigues, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 202
Therapeutic cultures in elite families in Brazil: Life coaching, sociality, and the moral economy of privilege
No full textStudies of wealth and the family have provided important insights into how financial and legal institutions allow the long-term perpetuation of fortunes, such as inheritance and trust laws, as well as examining the role of family offices and philanthropy as practices that upper-class families use to preserve their wealth across generations. Such scholarship has noticed that a flip side of this is that the family, as a unit involved in the preservation of inter-generational wealth, can also be a site of conflict that ultimately destroys great fortunes. Focusing on life coaching as a growing therapeutic cultural form among the wealthy in Brazil, I expand on these important financial and legal practices to include an often-ignored gendered site of elite reproduction: processes of self-cultivation to accrue interiority currency, as practiced by wealthy parents (especially mothers) in the socialization of family heirs. In this article, I analyze the intersection of wealth, gender, and therapeutic cultures, as they contour sociability and social reproduction in Ipanema, a well-known Rio de Janeiro neighbourhood. I draw from the experience of Vera Ferreira de Oliveira, a Brazilian woman from a working-class family in Niteroi who married into a very wealthy Ipanema family in the early 2000s. Through Vera’s life coaching experience with Katia Coutinho, I investigate the material repercussions (imagined or real) of therapeutic projects designed to alter the inner linings of the self and affective dispositions and to shape elite family sociability. Resumen: Culturas terapéuticas en familias de élite en Brasil: Coaching vital, socialidad y economía moral del privilegioLos estudios sobre la riqueza y la familia han aportado importantes conocimientos sobre cómo las instituciones financieras y jurídicas permiten la perpetuación de las fortunas a largo plazo, como las leyes de sucesión y fideicomiso, además de examinar el papel de las oficinas familiares y la filantropía como prácticas que las familias de clase alta utilizan para preservar su riqueza a través de generaciones. Estos estudios han observado que la otra cara de la moneda es que la familia, como unidad implicada en la preservación de la riqueza intergeneracional, también puede ser un lugar de conflicto que acaba destruyendo grandes fortunas. Centrándome en el coaching vital como forma cultural terapéutica creciente entre los ricos de Brasil, amplío estas importantes prácticas financieras y legales para incluir un lugar de reproducción de la élite a menudo ignorado: los procesos de autocultivo para acumular divisas de interioridad, practicados por progenitores ricos (especialmente las madres) en la socialización de los herederos familiares. En este artículo, analizo la intersección entre riqueza, género y culturas terapéuticas, tal y como conforman la sociabilidad y la reproducción social en Ipanema, un conocido barrio de Río de Janeiro. Me baso en la experiencia de Vera Ferreira de Oliveira, una brasileña de clase trabajadora de Niteroi que se casó con una acaudalada familia de Ipanema a principios de la década de 2000. A través de la experiencia de coaching vital de Vera con Katia Coutinho, investigo las repercusiones materiales (imaginarias o reales) de los proyectos terapéuticos diseñados para alterar los revestimientos internos del yo y las disposiciones afectivas, y para dar forma a la sociabilidad familiar de élite.
The complex socio-ecological landscape in Latin America: Transdisciplinary knowledge production to address diversity
No full textWe start this article by seeking analogies between the cultural landscape and socio-ecological system concepts. Whereas the former has played a pivotal role in geographical research since its introduction in the nineteenth century, the latter has only recently become popular in inter- and transdisciplinary science. The results of this theoretical and conceptual endeavour are used to build a distinctive analytical category: the ‘complex socio-ecological landscape’. We then apply this novel concept to the Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011. In doing so, we demonstrate that this landscape in fact exhibits complex adaptive behaviour. We end the article with an analysis of the Cañamomo-Lomaprieta indigenous reservation in the north of the Coffee Cultural Landscape. Participatory mechanisms of transdisciplinary knowledge production have stimulated the emergence of an ancestral governance system in Cañamomo-Lomaprieta, which has reduced the vulnerability of its socio-ecological systems to the effects of small-scale gold mining activities. This case provides important insights into how to stimulate transdisciplinarity in other complex socio-ecological landscapes in Latin America that bear the brunt of extractive activities. Resumen: ‘Paisaje socioecológico complejo’ en Latinoamérica: Conocimiento transdisciplinario para tratar la diversidad Comenzamos este artículo buscando analogías entre los conceptos de paisaje cultural y sistema socioecológico. Mientras que el primero ha desempeñado un papel fundamental en la investigación geográfica desde su introducción en el siglo XIX, el segundo se ha hecho popular solo recientemente en la ciencia inter y transdisciplinaria. Los resultados de este esfuerzo teórico y conceptual se utilizan para construir una categoría analítica distintiva: el ‘paisaje socioecológico complejo’. Luego aplicamos este novedoso concepto al Paisaje Cultural Cafetero de Colombia, declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO en 2011. Mostramos que este paisaje efectivamente exhibe un comportamiento adaptativo complejo. Finalizamos el artículo con un análisis del resguardo indígena Cañamomo-Lomaprieta en el norte de este paisaje. Mecanismos participativos de producción de conocimiento transdisciplinario han estimulado el surgimiento de un sistema de gobernanza ancestral en Cañamomo-Lomaprieta, lo que ha reducido la vulnerabilidad de sus sistemas socioecológicos ante los efectos de las actividades de minería aurífera a pequeña escala. Este caso permite comprender cómo se puede estimular la transdisciplinariedad en otros paisajes socioecológicos complejos en América Latina afectados por actividades extractivas.
Restitution of indigenous ancestors, uncomfortable heritage, and ways of seeing violence in Argentina
No full textThe indigenous demands made in Argentina in recent decades for the restitution of their ancestry to museums and other institutions have given rise to the making of several films and photographic exhibitions. The aim of this paper is to reflect on these images as “machinery for the production of sensibilities”, examining the politics of light in the representation and administration of violence and the affects and effects they have on the reconstruction of a past that demands justice on the part of the original peoples. I examine the images dedicated to making public the violence and racism involved in these heritagization processes and the implications, discomforts and positionings that these disturbing memories generate among the Mapuche in Patagonia, in order to discuss the category of “uncomfortable”, “dissonant” or “difficult heritage”, as heritage linked to exercises of human rights violations has been defined.Resumen: Restituciones de ancestros indígenas, patrimonio incómodo y maneras de ver la violencia en ArgentinaLas demandas indígenas desplegadas en Argentina en las últimas décadas por la restitución de sus ancestralidades a museos y a otras instituciones, dieron lugar a la filmación de varias películas y a exposiciones fotográficas. El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre estas imágenes como “maquinarias de producción de lo sensible”, examinando la política de la luz en la representación y administración de la violencia y los afectos y efectos que tienen en la reconstrucción de un pasado que demanda justicia por parte de los pueblos originarios. Examino las imágenes dedicadas a hacer pública la violencia y el racismo involucrados en estos procesos de patrimonialización y las implicancias, incomodidades y posicionamientos que generan estos recuerdos perturbadores entre los mapuche en Patagonia, con el objeto de discutir la categoría de “patrimonio incómodo”, “disonante” o dificultoso”, tal como se definió al patrimonio ligado a ejercicios de violación de derechos humanos
Review of The corruption debates: Left vs. Right—and Does It Matter—in the Americas,
No full textThe corruption debates: Left vs. Right—and Does It Matter—in the Americas, Stephen D. Morris. Lynne Rienner Publisher, 2021
Review of Lula and his politics of cunning: From metalworker to president of Brazil
No full textLula and his politics of cunning: From metalworker to president of Brazil, John D. French. University of North Carolina Press, 2020