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Life Cycle Assessment of Concrete Recycling Solutions in Light of Their Technical Complexity
No full textInternational audienceWaste management is a key step for addressing both the environmental impact and the growing demand for resources in the construction industry. To answer these challenges, various technologies are available, carrying different environmental impacts and sociotechnical implications. For concrete waste, recycling is the most common solution. Two main recycling roads were identified, leading to products that have low or high value and implying different technical developments and environmental impacts. This study first proposed to characterize recycling technologies by their technical degree, reflecting the complexity needed to process waste. It secondly compared their environmental impacts using LCA methodology to assess which technical complexity led to minor environmental consequences and under what conditions. The results revealed that the technologies with a low technical degree tended to have a lower environmental impact than the ones with a higher technical degree when only the generated impacts were considered. The reverse was observed when considering the aggregated impacts due to the environmental benefits provided by the potentially avoided products
Driving agile transformation: the interplay of processes, knowledge and agile thinking
No full textInternational audiencePurpose Agile transformation has gained interest, but practical guidance remains limited. This paper examines the synergistic development of process orientation, knowledge management and agile thinking as foundational pillars of successful transformation. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review identifies enablers of agile transformation through the lenses of process, knowledge and agile thinking. Findings The paper integrates enablers across the three pillars and proposes a roadmap centred on knowledge-intensive dynamic processes. Research limitations/implications The paper fosters cross-disciplinary research by integrating process, knowledge and agile pillars. Future studies will explore enabler impact, links to resilience and the role of technology and culture in agile adoption. Practical implications The roadmap highlights key enablers, emphasizing change management as critical for agile transformation, with technology as a facilitating tool. Originality/value No prior research concurrently addresses process orientation, knowledge management and agile thinking in agile transformation
Single-Asperity Friction and Wear in Seismic Faults: 1. Experiments on Marble
No full textInternational audienceCommon representations of seismic faults often fall into two categories. Either the model focuses on clean rough surfaces in sliding contact, or the model focuses on the gouge production and shearing between two smooth surfaces. In this work, we wish to reconcile these two main models by using tribological tools and concepts, in order to pave the way for a more accurate model of geometrically complex faults. A pin-on-disc experimental device is employed to investigate the response of a single asperity to shear sliding, in presence of granular gouge. Near co-seismic conditions are applied on Carrara marble samples (contact stress, contact area, sliding velocity) and real time acquisition sensors as well as post-mortem analyses on the contact surfaces provide qualitative and quantitative information on the frictional behavior of the downscaled lab fault. The results for moderate sliding velocity (0.01 m s-1) tests show a complex behavior. Three regimes are underlined, which highlights the interplay between granular gouge and asperities. The last regime is seen as a steady state with rough contact surfaces and the presence of a granular gouge layer. This observation leads to the conclusion that in a model for geometrically complex fault, granular gouge and asperities are not self-excluding and should be considered together. This work is complemented by a numerical model presented in a companion paper
23 - Nanomechanics of tribologically transformed surfaces
No full textInternational audienceTribologically transformed structures (TTSs), or surfaces, refer to materials that undergo significant changes at their extreme surfaces due to intense tribological loadings. The size of these transformed structures can vary from a few microns to tenths of microns, depending on factors such as contact geometry, the bodies in contact, and the applied loads. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a concise overview of recent advancements in the use of nanomechanical testing to quantify the mechanical properties of tribologically transformed surfaces (TTSs). The chapter explores the methodology for assessing the yield strength and thermal stability of TTS through nanoindentation and microcompression experiments. Additionally, it focuses on the application of nanomechanical testing to glaze layers, which are tribofilms induced by high-temperature fretting loading. Finally, the chapter discusses anticipated developments in this field in the near future
A preliminary framework for a digital twin of the modular construction supply chain
No full textInternational audienceUnited Nations estimates that the world’s population will increase by 3 billionpeople, by 2030. This creates a significant demand for housing... Modular construction canoffer an interesting solution integrating efficiency, environmental constraints, labor skills [1]. Itis defined as “the process of design and fabrication of volumetric building “modules”underthe controlled offsite condition and transporting the large units to the site for assembly”[2].Nonetheless, modular construction leads to new challenges particularly in terms of productionplanning and control management (PPC)[3]. Indeed, since it is challenging to stock modules,real time adaptation is compulsory. There is no existing tool to allow a dynamic data drivenoperational management of this 2 stages supply chain. Thus, we propose to design a firstframework to develop a future digital twin embedding the offsite plant and the onsite buildingsites processes. The first issue is to combine different planning methods: the construction sitesuse project management methods (GANTT) dedicated to one project, whereas the plants useother production planning methods including plural projects i.e. MRP2 or rate based production.The second issue is to integrate the highly stochastic context of the construction sector: internal(labor shortage, quality issues⋯) and external (weather, delivery delays ⋯) events. In thecontext of an agile development approach, this paper proposes a first framework modeling themajor elements of the future digital twin e.g. the data (identification and sources), the differentprocesses of this 2 stages supply chain (combining specific construction process and PPC systems)and the different types of stochastics events. The reflection also includes the identification of therelevant key performance indicators. Ultimately, our framework would allow the developmentof a digital twin relying on performance evaluation tools as discrete event simulation processesand, data science tools to integrate dynamic and stochastic processes. [1] Attouri E, Lafhaj Z,Ducoulombier L, Linéatte B. The current use of industrialized construction techniques in France:Benefits, limits and future expectations. Cleaner Engineering and Technology. 2022;7:100436.doi:10.1016/j.clet.2022.100436 [2] Taghaddos H, Hermann U, Abbasi A. Automated Crane Planningand Optimization for modular construction. Automation in Construction. 2018;95:219-232.doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2018.07.009 [3] Arashpour M, Wakefield R, Abbasi B, Lee EWM, MinasJ. Off-site construction optimization: Sequencing multiple job classes with time constraints.Automation in Construction. 2016;71:262-270. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2016.08.001Van der Geer J,Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific article. J Sci Commun 2000;163:51-9
Extitutions, commons and blockchain
No full textInternational audienceCurrent governance models face limitations when addressing today’s complex challenges, such as climate change, aging populations, and technological disruptions like AI. These limitations are particularly troubling as nation-states struggle to serve as effective counterweights to powerful economic actors. Meanwhile, corporations develop proprietary technological systems that further marginalize commons-based alternatives. The resulting governance landscape is fundamentally asymmetric, with power concentrated in ways that undermine collective decision-making and public welfare. Recent developments in the United States illustrate this imbalance, where concentrated private interests increasingly influence democratic processes and geopolitical stability in pursuit of profit maximization, often with minimal consideration for human rights, environmental sustainability, or intergenerational equity. Our symposium examines these critical tensions at a time when the three main coordination frameworks—(i) nation states, (ii) market-based corporations, and (iii) commons-based models—strain under contemporary pressures. Each faces constraints when applied at scale, particularly when addressing transnational challenges that require unprecedented cooperation. This symposium aims to explore the potential hybridization of these approaches: Under what conditions can they be combined? What are their limitations? What real-world models demonstrate success or failure
Concevoir autrement pour un avenir soutenable
No full textI'MTechDépasser les limites d’un design centré sur la simple réduction d’impact et repenser notre manière de concevoir des produits et des systèmes : tel est l’objectif de la méthode Design for Strong Sustainability © (DfSoSy). Développée par une équipe de recherche de Mines Saint-Étienne, cette approche propose d’ancrer le concept de soutenabilité forte au cœur du design
Time-slice Bayesianism as a potential solution to the problem of dilation and reflection for imprecise probabilities
No full textInternational audienceOne of the main objections against an imprecise probabilistic framework is the apparent absurdity of dilation when seemingly irrelevant evidence makes your belief in a proposition much less certain than it intuitively ought to be. In this work, after criti- cally analysing an argument by White and refined by Topey, as well as responses by imprecise proba bilists, I argue that one way to greatly alleviate thetension this type of case poses is to adopt a form of ’time-slice’ Bayesianism. In the form I envision it, it means that our degrees of belief in A at time ti are no longer ontologically defined as the resultof updating our degrees of belief at time ti−1 with the evidence Ei−1,i we obtained in between, but as a function of our total evidence available at time ti and a fundamental prior set of credences. I explainwhy this move, which forces us to regard all probabilities as conditional probabilities outside time, greatly diminishes the intuitive appeal of dilation-based counterexamples to the soundness of imprecise Bayesianism
