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Conceito e limites do “poder regulamentar” das Regiões Autónomas – uma análise sistémica
No full textNo âmbito do presente trabalho procurámos, partindo de uma teoria sistémica do direito regional, entender como se enquadram os poderes regulamentares das regiões autónomas no seio do ordenamento jurídico português. Para tal, partimos de uma abordagem teórica, densificando os conceitos de regulamento, sistema e subsistema normativos, e respetivas relações internormativas estabelecidas dentro de cada (sub)sistema. Pela aplicação da ideia de “sistema” ao poder regulamentar das regiões autónomas, concluímos que este apresenta diversas falhas e incompletudes – desde uma hierarquia regulamentar pouco conforme com as exigências de subsidiariedade da organização do Estado, à utilização de formas reservadas a atos legislativos para caracterizar os atos regulamentares emitidos pelas assembleias legislativas das respetivas regiões autónomas –, carecendo, por isso, de uma cuidada e profunda revisão.In the scope of this work, we sought to understand, based on a systemic theory of regional law, how the regulatory powers of the autonomous regions fit within the Portuguese legal system. To this end, we adopted a theoretical approach, elaborating on the concepts of regulation, system, and normative subsystem, as well as the normative relationships established within each (sub)system. By applying the idea of a 'system' to the regulatory power of the autonomous regions, we concluded that it presents several flaws and gaps—ranging from a regulatory hierarchy that does not fully align with the principle of subsidiarity, to the use of forms reserved for legislative acts to characterize the regulatory acts issued by the legislative assemblies of the respective autonomous regions. Therefore, in the matter of it’s regularory powers the regional subsystem requires a careful and thorough revision
A importância da tópica na evolução dos sistemas jurídicos
No full textO presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel da tópica na concepção dinâmica do sistema, fazendo um breve aporte histórico sobre a tópica advinda de Aristóteles e Cícero; Theodor Viehweg que posteriormente traz a mesma ao cenário jurídico, debatendo ainda com outros autores que analisam sua importância ao sistema e a crítica da mesma. Para tanto o método utilizado será o dialético.El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el papel de la actualidad en la concepción dinámica del sistema, haciendo una breve aportación histórica de la actualidad desde Aristóteles y Cicerón; Theodor Viehweg que posteriormente la introduce en el panorama jurídico, debatiendo con otros autores que analizan su importancia para el sistema y su crítica. El método utilizado será dialéctico.The aim of this article is to analyze the role of the topic in the dynamic conception of the system, making a brief historical contribution on the topic coming from Aristotle and Cicero; Theodor Viehweg who later brings it to the legal scene, also debating with other authors who analyze its importance to the system and its criticism. The method used will be dialectical
#EuVivo – (dés)Ordre autour du concept de la violence obstétricale et de sa criminalisation au Portugal
No full textThe criminalisation of obstetric violence is one of the demands of social movements for the humanisation of childbirth. The WHO acknowledges the existence of mistreatment in sexual and reproductive health care, recognising it as a global phenomenon. In Portugal, there was an attempt to advance the criminalisation of obstetric violence, which was contested by the Order of Physicians and, in turn, led to the creation of a social movement for the recognition of obstetric violence. This article aims to analyse the response of the Order of Physicians in comparison with existing literature and reports on the creation of the #EuVivo movement as a way to value social movements against obstetric violence.La criminalisation de la violence obstétricale est l’une des revendications des mouvementssociaux pour l’humanisation de l’accouchement. L’OMS reconnaît l’existence de mauvaistraitements dans les soins de santé sexuelle et reproductive qu’elle considère comme unphénomène mondial. Au Portugal, il y a eu une tentative de faire avancer la criminalisationde la violence obstétricale, ce qui a été contesté par l’Ordre des Médecins et a conduit à lacréation d’un mouvement social pour la reconnaissance de la violence obstétricale. Cet article vise à analyser la réponse de l’Ordre des Médecins en comparaison avec la littérature existante et la création du mouvement #EuVivo, comme un moyen de valoriser les mouvements sociaux contre la violence obstétricale.A criminalização da violência obstétrica é uma das reivindicações dos movimentos sociais pela humanização do parto. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) reconhece a existência de maus-tratos nos cuidados de saúde sexual e reprodutiva, considerando-os um fenómeno global. Em Portugal, houve uma tentativa de avançar com a criminalização da violência obstétrica, algo que foi contestado pela Ordem dos Médicos (OM) e, nessa sequência, levou à criação de um movimento social pelo reconhecimento deste problema. Este artigo pretende analisar a resposta da OM à luz da literatura existente e relata a criação do movimento #EuVivo, como forma de valorização dos movimentos sociais contra a violência obstétrica
The European Union’s climate diplomacy – trade as a path towards climate neutrality
No full textThe initial popularity of the EU-Mercosur Free Trade Agreement (“EMTA”) has been steadily decreasing since 2019, its environmental impacts and general and vague dispositions have led to widespread opposition – particularly within the EU. This article analyses what lessons can be learnt from the EMTA, looking at the role the exclusive competences of the EU on trade can play in successful climate diplomacy, and in the forging of a path to reach the objectives set forth by European environmental legislation in the current global context of polycrisis
Fotografia Como Resistência: Entre Aprisionamento e Liberdade em Kiana Hayeri
No full textEste artigo realiza uma análise crítica de seis fotografias da artista iraniana-canadense Kiana Hayeri, cuja produção documental se concentra na representação de mulheres em contextos de vulnerabilidade sociopolítica no Afeganistão. Com foco analítico aprofundado em duas fotografias: uma retrata mulheres em situação de encarceramento, enquanto a outra mostra um grupo de mulheres enfileiradas para receber auxílio humanitário durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A partir da análise das composições visuais — incluindo enquadramento, expressão corporal, gestualidade, cenário e contexto —, bem como da contextualização dos cenários sociais, políticos e religiosos em que as imagens foram produzidas, a pesquisa propõe uma reflexão sobre as camadas simbólicas e subjetivas presentes nas fotografias. O referencial teórico fundamenta-se nos estudos de Walter Benjamin (1994), que discute a função da fotografia, e de Jean Baudrillard (1981/1991), que propõe a noção de “simulacro” e discute os limites entre representação e realidade. A partir dessas perspectivas, observa-se uma inversão paradoxal entre liberdade e aprisionamento: as mulheres encarceradas aparentam experimentar certa sensação de alívio ao se encontrarem afastadas das pressões sociais externas, enquanto as mulheres fora da prisão, embora formalmente livres, demonstram sinais de opressão e controle, derivados de estruturas sociopolíticas e religiosas que moldam suas existências. O estudo evidencia, assim, uma dicotomia nas experiências de liberdade e aprisionamento, problematizando os modos como a imagem fotográfica participa da construção de sentidos e da reprodução de normas culturais. Por meio da fotografia documental, Hayeri revela não apenas as condições materiais de vida dessas mulheres, mas também aspectos simbólicos e afetivos que desafiam as narrativas tradicionais sobre gênero e liberdade. O artigo conclui destacando o papel crítico da imagem como meio de resistência e ferramenta de interpretação das relações de poder que atravessam o cotidiano feminino em contextos marcados por desigualdades estruturais.This article presents a critical analysis of six photographs by the Iranian-Canadian artist Kiana Hayeri, whose documentary work focuses on the representation of women in contexts of sociopolitical vulnerability in Afghanistan. Particular analytical attention is given to two of these: one portrays women in conditions of incarceration, while the other depicts a group of women lined up to receive humanitarian aid during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through an examination of the visual compositions — including framing, body expression, gestures, setting, and context — as well as a consideration of the social, political, and religious environments in which the images were produced, the study proposes a reflection on the symbolic and subjective layers embedded in the photographs. The theoretical framework draws on the studies of Walter Benjamin (1994), who discusses the function of photography, and Jean Baudrillard (1981/1991), who introduces the notion of “simulacrum” and explores the boundaries between representation and reality. From these perspectives, a paradoxical inversion between freedom and imprisonment is observed: the incarcerated women appear to experience a certain sense of relief by being distanced from external social pressures, whereas the women outside prison, although formally free, exhibit signs of oppression and control, arising from sociopolitical and religious structures that shape their lives. The study thus highlights a dichotomy in the experiences of freedom and imprisonment, questioning how the photographic image contributes to the construction of meaning and the reproduction of cultural norms. Through documentary photography, Hayeri reveals not only the material living conditions of these women but also symbolic and affective dimensions that challenge traditional narratives about gender and freedom. The article concludes by underscoring the critical role of the image as a means of resistance and a tool for interpreting power relations that permeate women’s everyday lives in contexts marked by structural inequalities
A decision support process for the selection of sustainable public ICT project investments
No full textThe allocation of limited public resources to public investments necessitates selecting projects with the highest social and economic value, along with the greatest likelihood of success. However, the literature lacks well-defined criteria to measure the alignment of such projects with national policies, social benefits, and institutional capabilities. This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting a process methodology and a set of criteria for evaluating and prioritizing public sector ICT projects. A project selection process is defined with a comprehensive criteria set, and it was tested on 11 carefully selected information and communication technology projects. A process has been defined consisting of prerequisite elimination, criteria weighting, project scoring, and verification. Both AHP and TOPSIS methods were utilized. The study also attempts to measure social benefits with respect to Türkiye’s national priorities, through more tangible sub-criteria. To the best of our available knowledge, the study provides the most comprehensive set of criteria for selecting ICT investment projects in the public sector. The findings reveal that projects aligned with national priorities and providing high social benefits were ranked highest. The fact that project criteria provide feedback from a broad perspective shows that information systems can also support project maturation, along with project selection
Unveiling the potential of metaverse in project management education
No full textThe Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), driven by technological advancements such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), has transformed industries, reshaping the skills required in the workforce. Project management education must adapt to these changes by integrating innovative teaching methods to prepare future professionals. This study explores the potential of the metaverse, an immersive virtual environment, to revolutionize project management education. By offering interactive, real-time simulations and personalized learning experiences, the metaverse enables learners to engage with complex project management scenarios beyond the limitations of traditional classrooms. This research combines a literature review and qualitative analysis of project managers' perspectives to assess the benefits and challenges of incorporating the metaverse into educational curricula. The findings highlight the potential for enhanced engagement and the barriers to adoption, including technology access and learning curve concerns. The study concludes by proposing future research directions and addressing limitations regarding the scalability and effectiveness of metaverse-driven education in diverse project management contexts
"Look! I made it myself": what do children tell us about authorship and children's aesthetics
No full textEste estudo explora como as crianças percebem a sua autoria e participam em discussões sobre a estética infantil. A investigação foi realizada num jardim de infância no norte de Braga com dezoito crianças entre os três e os cinco anos, participantes no projeto educativo «A Place to Sound and Be Every School», liderado pelo grupo SOUND.BE. Os resultados indicam que as práticas educativas que incentivam a autoria das crianças e abraçam a estética infantil criam espaços para o diálogo intergeracional, fortalecendo a autonomia e a expressão criativa das crianças. Além disso, o estudo destaca a necessidade de reconfigurar as práticas pedagógicas para superar as estruturas centradas nos adultos, tornando as escolas espaços mais democráticos e inclusivos. Esta investigação contribui para um debate mais amplo sobre a valorização da infância em contextos educativos, reafirmando a importância de reconhecer as crianças como sujeitos legítimos de conhecimento e criação.This study explores how children perceive their authorship and engage in discussions on childhood aesthetics. The research was conducted in a kindergarten in northern Braga with eighteen children aged between three and five years, participating in the educational project "A Place to Sound and Be Every School", led by the SOUND.BE group. The findings indicate that educational practices that encourage children's authorship and embrace childhood aesthetics create spaces for intergenerational dialogue, strengthening children's autonomy and creative expression. Moreover, the study highlights the need to reconfigure pedagogical practices to overcome adult-centric structures, making schools more democratic and inclusive spaces. This research contributes to a broader debate on valuing childhood in educational contexts, reaffirming the importance of recognizing children as legitimate subjects of knowledge and creation
The Invisible Hand of Partisan Irrationality
No full textWhy do we vote, protest, and boycott? Economists explain partisan actions, despite their costs, by arguing political irrationality by a single partisan isn’t costly to them as an individual - they can afford the political irrationality, despite the social costs. And some philosophers worry about the moral and epistemic costs of political irrationality. Here I argue that political irrationality has some benefits: it encourages partisans to engage in virtue signaling and rationalization in politics. And while virtue signaling and rationalization are often epistemically and morally bad, they can nonetheless confer benefits too, like facilitating societal and moral progress
Putting Yourself on the Line: The Harms of Competition
No full textCompetition is a key element in the design of social institutions in contemporary liberal democracies. Competitive procedures for jobs, grants and university admissions can be considered ‘substantially engulfing’ since they provide access to important goods that everyone has reasons to want, such as financial security, the social bases of self-respect and education. While competition can have beneficial outcomes and can be a fair way of selecting meritorious candidates, this paper aims to identify the distinctive moral problems it raises by developing what we call a ‘Harm Account’ of competition. We argue that substantially engulfing competitions predictably lead to three types of harm: (1) substantial psychological and emotional costs; (2) substantial opportunity costs; and (3) estrangement. These harms provide strong pro tanto reasons against organizing substantially engulfing competitions for important goods. The weight of these reasons depends on the stakes and scope of the competition at hand