HAL-Ecole des Ponts ParisTech
Not a member yet
42743 research outputs found
Sort by
Ductile-to-brittle transition and yielding in soft amorphous materials: perspectives and open questions
No full textInternational audienceSoft amorphous materials are viscoelastic solids ubiquitously found around us, from clays and cementitious pastes to emulsions and physical gels encountered in food or biomedical engineering. Under an external deformation, these materials undergo a noteworthy transition from a solid to a liquid state that reshapes the material microstructure. This yielding transition was the main theme of a workshop held from January 9 to 13, 2023 at the Lorentz Center in Leiden. The manuscript presented here offers a critical perspective on the subject, synthesizing insights from the various brainstorming sessions and informal discussions that unfolded during this week of vibrant exchange of ideas. The result of these exchanges takes the form of a series of open questions that represent outstanding experimental, numerical, and theoretical challenges to be tackled in the near future
Review of “Multi-material topology optimization of structural load-bearing capacity using limit analysis"
No full textThis publication is the Open Review of article with doi 10.46298/jtcam.1242
The heat and health in cities (H2C) project to support the prevention of extreme heat in cities
No full textInternational audienc
New High Obliquity Climate Simulations Reconcile Climate Scenarios with Geological Evidences of Very Recent Ice Ages on Mars
No full textInternational audienc
L'économie comportementale murmure à l'oreille du juriste
No full textInternational audienceLaw and economics primarily focus on various legal rules' capacity to rectify structural inefficiencies stemming from market failures, such as those related to preventive or criminal behaviors. Recent advancements in behavioral economics provide valuable insights into how economic agents respond to the rules they face, offering new perspectives for designing a range of legal rules and procedures. This article provides an overview of these developments as they apply to civil liability regimes, the design of criminal procedure, and criminal policy.Longtemps confinée à l’efficacité de la protection des droits de propriété nécessaires aux échanges de marché, l’analyse économique du droit trouve en grande partie ses origines dans la nécessité de pallier les défaillances de marché associées à la remise en cause des conditions qui rendent leur fonctionnement efficace. Cette branche de l’économie s’intéresse en particulier à la capacité de différentes règles juridiques à corriger les inefficacités structurelles qui en découlent, par exemple en matière de comportements de prévention des risques liés aux activités humaines ou encore de comportements délictuels. Les développements récents de l’économie comportementale apportent un éclairage nouveau sur la réponse des acteurs de l’économie aux règles qui leur sont appliquées, et conduisent en particulier à un renouvellement profond des recommandations de l’économie en matière d’élaboration des règles de droit. Cet article en présente un panorama, appliqué notamment aux régimes de responsabilité civile et aux modalités d’application de la politique pénale
MatMat - Hybrid Input-Output framework to estimate country-level carbon and material footprints in future scenarios
No full textAs nations intensify efforts to design and implement low-carbon strategies, aligning these with the broader sustainability objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) becomes essential. These strategies must extend beyond mere territorial decarbonization to include comprehensive assessments using local indicators that accurately reflect the sustainability of global supply chains. However, a significant gap exists in modeling tools capable of assessing economy-wide sustainability for future scenarios at national scale. This paper introduces the MatMat Hybrid Input-Output (HIO) model, a novel framework developed to assess and map country-specific carbon and materials footprints across supply chains and trade, for both current situation and future transition scenarios. Employing methods such as capital endogenization within a national context, and by integrating and reconciling diverse economic, technical, and policy projections, the model enables forward-looking analyses that are technically realistic and macroeconomically consistent.The MatMat model provides detailed insights into the factors driving the evolution of future carbon and material footprints across various final consumption sectors, differentiating between territorial contributions and those embodied in imported goods and services. Demonstrated through its application to France, the model proves invaluable for policymakers to assess the effectiveness of Net-Zero Emissions (NZE) scenarios and to identify necessary intervention areas to enhance sustainability. The architecture of the MatMat model ensures transparency, reproducibility, replicability, and extensibility, supporting its application to similar case studies in France and other countries, as well as the integration of new functionalities
Quels potentiels de trafic régulier pour les lignes de desserte fine du territoire : une proposition de méthodologie
No full textInternational audienc
Travaux-en-cours: Impact des niveaux d'optimisation de la compilation sur la variabilité du temps d'exécution
No full textInternational audienceCompiler optimizations play a crucial role in enhancing software performance by improving execution speed and reducing resource consumption. However, these optimizations can also introduce variability in execution times, a significant concern for real-time systems where predictability is paramount. This paper investigates the relationship between GCC compiler optimizations and the execution time variability. By compiling a set of benchmark programs under different optimization levels (O0, O1, O2, O3), we analyze the impact on execution time variability using the WCET/BCET ratio, and the dispersion of the execution times around the WCET.Les optimisations du compilateur jouent un rôle crucial dans l'amélioration des performances des programmes en améliorant la vitesse d'exécution et en réduisant la consommation de ressources. Cependant, ces optimisations peuvent également introduire une variabilité dans les temps d'exécution, un problème important pour les systèmes en temps réel où la prédictibilité est primordiale. Cet article étudie la relation entre les optimisations du compilateur GCC et la variabilité des temps d'exécution. En compilant un ensemble de programmes de référence sous différents niveaux d'optimisation (O0, O1, O2, O3), nous analysons l'impact sur la variabilité du temps d'exécution en utilisant le ratio WCET/BCET, et la dispersion des temps d'exécution autour du WCET
Current and future European culture of mobility: insights from in-depth conversations with thinkers
No full textInternational audienceThis paper deals with the foundations of current and past mobility cultures, identifies emerging trends and main drivers that contribute to the shaping of the future European mobility cultures, and focuses on the role of communication. The methodology adopted to better understand this complex concept involved 3 major steps: first a literature exploration, then a foresight involving strategic application of forward-looking approaches in shaping and informing public policy decisions which needed, and finally backcasting exercise to mainly build future scenarios. During these steps, we aimed to identify, involve and create a community of high level experts and thinkers in various fields: philosophy, psychology, sociology, geography, urbanism, architecture, economics, poetry, art. This involvement led to 29 scientific discussions of 3 types: 15 Talks with 16 experts, 5 Explorative Conversations with 11 experts and 9 Generative Dialogues with 11 experts. We have also organized 3 focus groups and 5 workshops to deepen our thinking on specific topics and involve a larger group of experts: Mobility values, Imagining future scenarios on mobility cultures, Public interest definition, Design a roadmap and outline feasible strategies. A survey of European citizens was carried out to involve them in an open consultation of the vision. Experts and thinkers were interviewed to stimulate discussion on how they understand mobility cultures and what drives it, to identify trends in mobility cultures and how they perceive mobility’s future. The idea was also to confront different or conflicting ideas and to identify the nuances and uncertainties, particularly with regard to the trends and future mobility cultures. As a result, we developed a vision not only of current and past mobility cultures, but especially of the expected and likely mobility future. We created 4 (extreme) political and societal scenarios for the mobility future and named them according to Greek divinities: Hercules, Themis, Hermes, and Gaia. The final results are a combination of several elements from different scenarios. The most desired future mobility clearly tends towards the Themis and Gaia cultural values of equity and well-being, while the Hermes cultural value of efficiency is perceived as driving the most likely future. This mismatch between expected and desired futures clearly expresses tensions between elements of mobility cultures. This gap points to a direction for future European mobility policy, away from efficiency and towards alternative values of sufficiency, care, and justice. Although we intended to cover the whole of Europe, Western Europe has remained relatively over-represented