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Social Determinants and Community Behavior Against Implementation of the Covid-19 Health Protocol: Systematic Review
Get PDFThe incidence of coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is the latest challenge facing the international community. Health protocols such as social distancing, wearing masks, washing hands and limiting community activities are implemented in the community to prevent a spike in coronavirus cases. The policy of implementing health protocols in the community results in the community itself not complying with the guidelines. For this reason, researchers conducted research to determine social determinants and explanations of community behavior regarding the implementation of the 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) health protocol. This study used a systematic review design where researchers searched for articles from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. From the search results, six articles were then considered that met the inclusion criteria. Findings show that community knowledge, education, attitudes and behavior, age and gender influence the implementation of medical procedures related to COVID-19. Factors that influence the implementation of health protocols to prevent the spread of the corona virus disease (Covid-19) in society include awareness of the implementation of health protocols, limited infrastructure, limited health personnel; and public attitudes towards health protocols. Apart from that, behavioral, psychosocial and cognitive factors of the population in accordance with socio-cultural, demographic and health characteristics also influence the implementation of health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for community attitudes such as the perception of high risk of COVID-19 encourages individuals to follow health protocols with more discipline, and the existence of social environmental support such as positive social interactions can increase individual motivation to comply with existing rules
Literature Review: Development of Antiretroviral Therapy in Hiv/Aids Treatment
Get PDFHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the human immune system. The United Nations Joint Program for HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in 2019, stated that the largest HIV-infected population in the world is on the African continent (25.7 million), then in Southeast Asia (3.8 million), and in the Americas (3.5 million). HIV/AIDS symptoms consist of 4 stages, namely stage 1, this phase is referred to as asymptomatic HIV infection where the initial HIV symptoms are still not felt. The goal of antiretroviral therapy (ARV) is to increase the number of CD4+ in T cells, reduce viral load, so that it is expected to reduce mortality. Recommendations for ARV administration are always evolving. Currently, ARVs are given to patients with PLWHA at any clinical stage and CD4+ count. This study aims to determine the development of Antiretroviral therapy (ARV) in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The method used was literature review with narrative review design to identify and summarise previously published articles on the development of Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. From the 10 articles summarised, it was found that there was an influence of the development of Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in the treatment of HIV/AIDS over time
Advancing Hospital Service Quality and Operational Effectiveness through Evidence-Based Analgesic Protocols: JEL Classification: I11, I12, I18, L15, M11, D24
No full textThe study is aimed at comparing the clinical and institutional outcomes of using two postoperative analgesics regimens, Epidural Levobupivacaine and Syringe Pump Fentanyl, and how these drugs interfere with analgesia control and resource consumptions, patient satisfactory, and system performance. A comparative observational research design was used which covered 60 patients of Total Knee Replacement (TKR) who were in a tertiary orthopedic center. The participants were at random allocated to an Epidural Levobupivacaine or Fentanyl protocol. The collected data included pain scores, adverse events, the readiness of the patient to leave, and satisfaction questionnaires and efficiencies of hospitals in terms of data. The data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative approaches. The Epidural group of patients recorded less pain scores, fewer adverse effects, earlier mobilization and shorter length of stay. The scores of the satisfaction on pain control, comfort and responsiveness were significantly more in the Epidural group. The mode of operation also demonstrated better nursing efficiency and discharge planning, and risk indicators were reduced, e.g. escalation to high-dependency care, with the use of the epidural protocol. Epidural Levobupivacaine represents an effective operational and clinical performance that demonstrates that it can be used as a strategical standar in elective orthopedis care based on systemic opioids. In addition to the analgesic effectiveness, the protocol improves institutional efficiency, minimizes the clinical risk, intensifies patient experience and fits the contemporary performance-based healthcare provision. Pain management must therefore be redefined as an impact component that has a cross-functional component of hospital service design
PROMETHEE Method for Prioritization of Electrical Energy Audit In Industry
Get PDFThe problem of electricity in industry is the increasing consumption of electrical energy which results in increasing electricity consumption costs. The solution is how to reduce electrical energy consumption in the factory. The first step is to conduct an electrical energy audit. This research discusses electrical energy audits in industry with the aim of providing recommendations for electrical energy efficiency. The model is determined as an industrial electrical system complete with an electrical loading system. Parameters determined: production machinery, lighting systems, office support equipment, clean water pumps and air conditioners. The PROMETHEE method was used for prioritization in selecting from several alternative energy-saving opportunities. The research stages began with an initial energy audit, calculation of energy consumption intensity (IKE), recapitulation of electrical energy consumption, determination of energy saving opportunities, and PROMETHEE calculation. The PROMETHEE method used with 3 (three) alternatives, namely energy saving opportunities at no cost, low costs energy saving opportunities and high costs energy saving opportunities. As the research object, only the production building at PT Hop Lun Indonesia (HLI), Semarang, Indonesia was determined. The results show that PROMETHEE can be used for electrical energy audits in industry. This is evidenced by the prioritisation of the best recommendation results from the three alternatives, namely the first order in low-cost energy saving opportunities by replacing the type of LED lamp that has the potential to save energy by 2,723 KWH/day, the second order of energy saving opportunities at no cost by socializing to all employees regarding energy savings and conducting periodic maintenance and the last order in high-cost energy saving opportunities by replacing AC Inverters which have the potential to save energy by 390 KWH/day and replacing motors on sewing machines using servo motors which have the potential to save energy by 38,286,400 KWH/day
Implementation of Lean Maintenance Method on High Pressure Boiler Feed Pump (HP BFP) PLTGU Block I Machine to Improve Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)
Get PDFThis study was conducted at PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Gresik, focusing on enhancing the effectiveness of the High Pressure Boiler Feed Pump (HP BFP) at PLTGU Block I. The main issue addressed was the high level of maintenance waste, negatively impacting Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). To overcome this, Lean Maintenance was applied in conjunction with Value Stream Maintenance Mapping (VSMM), Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF), Mean Time to Repair (MTTR), and Root Cause Failure Analysis (RCFA). Findings revealed dominant wastes such as Unproductive Work, Delay in Motion, and Poor Inventory Management. Post-improvement, OEE increased from 67% to 87%, while maintenance time was reduced from 9,780 minutes to 3,300 minutes. The study proves that Lean Maintenance implementation significantly enhances operational efficiency and reduces downtime
Analysis of Yarn Materials Defects in the Warping Process using Fault Tree Analysis with Improvement Proposals 5W1H Based on the 5W1H Method
Get PDFQuality control is a critical aspect of the textile industry, essential for maintaining product consistency. However, defects in yarn materials continue to persist, particularly during the warping process. This study investigates yarn defects at PT X using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method, identifying 15 root causes and proposing corrective measures based on the 5W1H approach. The research specifically addresses defects in Tetoron Rayon (TR) yarn Ne 30, with a focus on Cross Defects, Defective Rolls, and Nglokor Rolls. The FTA method offers a structured approach to failure analysis, while the 5W1H method is employed to derive strategic corrective actions. The findings demonstrate that the probability of defect occurrence varies between the Direct and Sectional Warping processes. Cross Defects occur with probabilities of 0.1333% and 0.126%, Defective Rolls with probabilities of 0.159% and 0.243%, and Nglokor Rolls with probabilities of 1% and 0.171%, respectively. The analysis identifies 15 primary root causes contributing to these defects, which include machine-related failures, human error, and material inconsistencies. Based on these findings, the study recommends the implementation of preventive maintenance schedules, operator training programs, and a more rigorous adherence to standard operating procedures (SOPs). The proposed improvements are expected to optimize the warping process and enhance the overall quality of the product
Identification of Waste in Dolomite Stone Using the Waste Assessment Model Method in the Implementation of Lean Manufacturing
Get PDFProduction plays an important role in maintaining the quality and quantity of products until they reach consumers. The many important activities in the production process require companies to improve their performance to be effective and efficient in order to maintain trust. PT XYZ is a BUMD company engaged in the manufacturing of fertilizer and dolomite rock mining materials since 2018. In production activities, there are various activities that do not have added value or waste. This study aims to identify waste and find out the root causes of waste in production process activities. The implementation of Lean manufacturing is carried out by identifying the warehousing flow process with Value Stream Mapping (VSM), then identifying 7 wastes that occur in the warehousing process using the Waste Assessment Model (WAM) method. The results of the study showed that the waste with the highest percentage level was waste Processing (P) waste transportation (T) waste overproduction (D). From the proposed improvements and mapping of future flows, it was found that lead time was reduced to 264 minutes from 350 minutes, which means eliminating 86 minutes of activities that did not provide added value. Thus, activity increased by 22% from the initial condition
Acceleration of Modular Oil and Gas Project Duration Using the Time-Cost Trade-Off Method
Get PDFFloating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) is an offshore floating platform designed to process and store oil Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) is a type of floating offshore platform that functions to process and store oil and gas before being distributed to consumers. A critical component of the FPSO, designed to ensure the product can be safely processed and transported, is the topside module. Currently, the Seawater Filtration Module project is facing delay challenges that impact both project cost and completion time. Using the existing case study, this research applies the Critical Path Method (CPM) to identify the critical path within the overall project schedule, as well as the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) to manage uncertainties in the completion time of critical activities. To evaluate the acceleration strategy with consideration of additional costs, the Time-Cost Trade-Off (TCTO) method is employed. The research findings indicate that the project experienced a 51-day delay from the original schedule, which targeted completion by January 31, 2024. A total of 11 activities were identified as part of the critical path contributing to the delay. To address this issue, acceleration was carried out by adding labor based on the productivity of each activity. The results show that the addition of 17 workers successfully reduced the duration of critical activities from 721 days to 670 days. Probability analysis indicated a success rate of 82.64% for the acceleration effort. Meanwhile, the cost calculation showed that the acceleration required an additional expense of Rp 30,913,709
Preference Consumer in Choose Restaurant Dish Noodles in Gianyar Regency Bali
Get PDFGianyar Regency has long been known for its traditional cuisine in the form of Ayam Betutu and Babi Guling, but at this time the noodle dish has now developed into one of the people's favorite foods in Gianyar Regency. The characteristic of noodle dishes is their affordable selling price both in stand-alone noodle restaurant chains and in large restaurant chains. This study aims to analyze consumer preferences in noodle restaurants in Gianyar Regency using conjoint analysis with the variables of place, service, atmosphere & parking, safety and hygiene, brand & promotion, price, and product summarized from the results of the research of Fidan et al., (2021); Farooqui and Alwi (2019); Wang et al., (2016); Chua et al., (2020); Kim (2018); Thomadsen (2007); Baharta et al. (2022); Mendoza-Carpio et al., (2021), and Saefudin, et al., (2020). The results of the study show that the variable indicators that are consumer preferences in Gianyar Regency are: strategic location of the restaurant, hygienic food and beverages, attractiveness of the building and dining room, neat and clean appearance of the restaurant staff, adequate parking lot, price according to budget, food price according to expectations, speed of service, product popularity, clean environment around the restaurant, Menu Selection, Restaurant Location Close to Workplace, Brand Image, Word of Mouth Promotion
The Effect of Village Fund Allocation Policy on Development
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the implementation of Mandailing Natal Regent Regulation Number 11 of 2024 concerning Village Fund Allocation in increasing development in Singengu Julu Village, Kotanopan District, Mandailing Natal Regency. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this study collects data through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the allocation of village funds in Singengu Julu Village focuses on infrastructure development, with most of the funds used for the construction of village roads, irrigation canals, and village hall renovations. Community empowerment programs are also being implemented, although the participation of marginalized groups, such as women and the elderly, is still limited. In addition, supervision and transparency in the use of village funds have been implemented, but it needs to be improved so that more people can access and understand this information. Although the positive impact on local infrastructure and economy is already being felt, the challenges faced include the low capacity of human resources at the village level and the lack of involvement of all elements of society in planning. This study recommends increasing community participation, strengthening the capacity of village apparatus, and increasing transparency and accountability in village fund management to achieve more inclusive and sustainable development