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Sûreté réelle pour autrui : l'exclusion des bénéfices de discussion, de division et de proportionnalité
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Marqueurs discursifs en français parlé en Tunisie : cas de « la vérité »
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Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of SMEs in Nigeria and the Mediating Impact of SMEDAN Initiative Between the CSFs and SMEs' Success
No full textInternational audienceThe study is deduced from a Ph.D. thesis that investigated the critical success factors influencing SMEs in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Over twenty-one, critical success factors were identified in the literature review as influencing the success of SMEs across many locations and industries, and seven were considered important for this study. Studies confirmed the need to identify the CSFs that apply to SMEs of a location or industry. The federal government of Nigeria focused on developing entrepreneurship and SMEs to trigger socioeconomic development, which resulted in many initiatives, including the establishment of SMEDAN to support the development of SMEs to reduce or eliminate their failure, as envisaged by many researchers. The objective was to discover the CSFs that influence the success of SMEs in Nigeria. The study using a mixed approach, considered the SMEs operating in Jigawa State, Nigeria, and selected a sample of four hundred respondents where 314 answered the self-administered survey questionnaire, and 15 owners/managers answered the semi-structured interview. The application of the SPSS statistical package revealed a higher educational level, prior work experience & management skills, adequate financial resources, and legal & regulatory compliance as influencing the success of SMEs of Jigawa State, Nigeria. Similarly, the SMEDAN initiative mediation between education level and finance resources: and the success of SMEs operating in Jigawa State is influencing their success. The CSFs of SMEs were considered information to be utilized by owners/managers to develop best business practice policies that will trigger socioeconomic development by reducing unemployment and poverty in Nigeria. The paper positioned a CSFs model for SMEs operating in Jigawa State, Nigeria, and will serve as information that will be utilized to develop best business practices to mitigate SMEs' failures
Using convolutional neural networks to detect GNSS multipath
No full textInternational audienceGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) multipath has always been extensively researched as it is one of the hardest error sources to predict and model. External sensors are often used to remove or detect it, which transforms the process into a cumbersome data setup. Thus, we decided to only use GNSS correlator outputs to detect a large-amplitude multipath, on Galileo E1-B and GPS L1 C/A, using a convolutional neural network (CNN). This network was trained using 101 correlator outputs being used as a theoretical classifier. To take advantage of the strengths of convolutional neural networks for image detection, images representing the correlator output values as a function of delay and time were generated. The presented model has an F score of 94.7% on Galileo E1-B and 91.6% on GPS L1 C/A. To reduce the computational load, the number of correlator outputs and correlator sampling frequency was then decreased by a factor of 4, and the convolutional neural network still has an F score of 91.8% on Galileo E1-B and 90.5% on GPS L1 C/A
La prescription biennale s'applique à la répétition des frais de déplacement indûment versés aux militaires
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Point de départ du délai pour l'assignation en redressement judiciaire d'un débiteur ayant cessé son activité, note sous Cass. com., 18 janv. 2023
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L'annulation du premier test de dépistage empêche la condamnation du conducteur contrôlé positif aux stupéfiants
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AI-Powered Diagnosis of Skin Cancer: A Contemporary Review, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions
No full textInternational audienceSkin cancer continues to remain one of the major healthcare issues across the globe. If diagnosed early, skin cancer can be treated successfully. While early diagnosis is paramount for an effective cure for cancer, the current process requires the involvement of skin cancer specialists, which makes it an expensive procedure and not easily available and affordable in developing countries. This dearth of skin cancer specialists has given rise to the need to develop automated diagnosis systems. In this context, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based methods have been proposed. These systems can assist in the early detection of skin cancer and can consequently lower its morbidity, and, in turn, alleviate the mortality rate associated with it. Machine learning and deep learning are branches of AI that deal with statistical modeling and inference, which progressively learn from data fed into them to predict desired objectives and characteristics. This survey focuses on Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques deployed in the field of skin cancer diagnosis, while maintaining a balance between both techniques. A comparison is made to widely used datasets and prevalent review papers, discussing automated skin cancer diagnosis. The study also discusses the insights and lessons yielded by the prior works. The survey culminates with future direction and scope, which will subsequently help in addressing the challenges faced within automated skin cancer diagnosis
Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID-19: A study based on the survey from the International COVID-19 Research Network (ICRN)
No full textInternational audienceThe recently emerged novel coronavirus, “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2),” caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has severely damaged the world's most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to centralize the accumulative knowledge of NPIs against COVID-19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. International COVID-19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross-sectional online survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. The survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies, and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with the log-transformed value of population as an offset value. The majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies, including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). Individual-level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial masks (94.6% at hospitals; 93.5% at mass transportation; 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to the recommendation to use soap. Deprivation of masks was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories with higher economic levels. Mask deprivation was pervasive regardless of economic level. NPIs against COVID-19 such as using sanitizer, quarantine, and isolation can decrease the incidence and mortality of COVID-19
Les archives, témoins des liens de la dissidence intertextuelle russo-lituanienne
No full textInternational audienceThis article considers Lithuanian and Russian dissidents and the intellectual cultural transfers of ideas within the Iron Curtain. These exchanges helped to produce an archive of Lithuanian artistic dissidence. The first case refers to the Lithuanian dissident and poet Tomas Venclova and aims to reinterpret the meaning of external and internal censorship. The second case looks at the archive and collection of Vladimir Tarasov, donated to the Radvila Palace Museum of Art in 2020, which deals with artists’ working conditions under the communist dictatorship of the 1960s and 1980s.L’article étudie les dissidents lituaniens et russes et les transferts culturels et intellectuels à l’est du Rideau de fer. Les échanges ont contribué à produire des archives de la dissidence artistique lituanienne. Les archives du poète dissident lituanien Tomas Venclova permettent de réinterpréter le concept de censure externe et interne. Tandis que les archives de Vladimir Tarasov, données en 2020 au Radvila Palace Museum of Art (Vilnius), donnent à voir le contexte de Diktat idéologique dans lequel les artistes ont dû travailler dans les années 1960 à 1980