Hal-Diderot
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6,7 % des collégiens déclarent cinq violences ou plus de façon répétée: résultats de l’enquête nationale de climat scolaire et de victimation auprès des collégiens pour l’année scolaire 2021-2022
No full textChaque note d’information présente les résultats les plus récents issus des exploitations d’enquêtes et d’études statistiques. Cette publication apporte l’éclairage de la direction de l’évaluation, de la prospective et de la performance (DEPP) à la compréhension et à l’analyse du système éducatif français. Elle est disponible en ligne, sous la forme de fichiers imprimables à télécharger, accompagnés de tableaux de données chiffrées et de graphiques.En 2021-2022, 93 % des collégiens déclarent se sentir « bien » ou « tout à fait bien » dans leur établissement scolaire et 91 % s’y sentir en sécurité. Malgré ce climat scolaire qu’ils décrivent globalement de manière positive, les collégiens déclarent être victimes de certaines violences. Les atteintes les plus fréquentes sont les vols de fournitures scolaires (54 %), les surnoms désagréables (44 %), les insultes (43 %) et les mises à l’écart (43 %). Les violences physiques touchent plus les garçons que les filles, mais ces dernières sont davantage concernées par les mises à l’écart. 46 % des élèves déclarent avoir été victimes d’au moins une violence de façon répétée durant l’année scolaire.Et 6,7 % des élèves signalent cinq atteintes répétées ou plus. Cette situation de forte multivictimation concerne davantage les élèves de sixième. Trois élèves sur dix, victimes d’une violence, en ont parlé à quelqu’un. Il s’agit essentiellement des amis et des parents, et dans une moindre mesure, d’un adulte du collège. Enfin, un collégien sur cinq a été victime d’au moins une cyberviolence de façon répétée
Information and communication technology use among children separated from one or both parents: A scoping review
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundThe development and diversification of information and communication technology (ICT) are changing the way family members communicate with each other, creating new opportunities for interaction. When children and parents do not live together on a day-to-day basis, these technologies may represent privileged means to keep in touch and maintain a relationship.ObjectiveThis article aims to review the literature on the use of ICT among children separated from one or both parents, paying particular attention to two contexts: parental separation and foster care.MethodA scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines (Tricco et al., 2018). The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsOf the 847 references identified, 11 were selected (six related to parental separation and five related to foster care). The literature dated from 1997 to 2020 and was particularly sparse and heterogeneous (e.g., the definition of ICT and characteristics of participants). Three topics emerged: (a) ICT practices and usage patterns, (b) ICT practices: opportunities and issues, and (c) sociolegal support issues.ImplicationThis study highlights the need for all legal and psychosocial actors to consider the place of digital technology in family relationships
Worst-case delay analysis: a simulation-based comparison between Flow Aggregation and CPA
No full textAs real-time systems are working under some strict timing constraints, such as end-to-end delay, the Worst-Case Delay (WCD) analysis is mandatory. To date, several analytical approaches have been proposed for WCD analysis, such as Network Calculus (NC) and Compositional Performance Analysis (CPA). In spite of advances in WCD analysis technologies, the computation of the exact maximum delay by overcoming pessimism remains challenging, e.g., each approach differs from others by showing usefulness in specific scenarios. In this context, a framework comparing WCD analysis approaches is needed. This technical report provides a simulation-based comparison between two WCD analysis approaches, namely CPA and Flow Aggregation (FA). The simulation results show that even based on the same networking architecture scenario, a considerable difference will be led by applying different approaches
Multimodal Vision Transformers with Forced Attention for Behavior Analysis
No full textInternational audienceHuman behavior understanding requires looking at minute details in the large context of a scene containing multiple input modalities. It is necessary as it allows the design of more human-like machines. While transformer approaches have shown great improvements, they face multiple challenges such as lack of data or background noise. To tackle these, we introduce the Forced Attention (FAt) Transformer which utilize forced attention with a modified backbone for input encoding and a use of additional inputs. In addition to improving the performance on different tasks and inputs, the modification requires less time and memory resources. We provide a model for a generalised feature extraction for tasks concerning social signals and behavior analysis. Our focus is on understanding behavior in videos where people are interacting with each other or talking into the camera which simulates the first person point of view in social interaction. FAt Transformers are applied to two downstream tasks: personality recognition and body language recognition. We achieve state-of-the-art results for Udiva v0.5, First Impressions v2 and MPII Group Interaction datasets. We further provide an extensive ablation study of the proposed architecture
Neural Transfer Function Library Deriving From Parametric Probability Signatures
No full textArtificial Neuron Activation Models From Parametric Probability SignaturesThis letter highlights new artificial neuron activation models designed with respect to some major parametric probability distribution families
Enjeux éducatifs en situations d’urgence humanitaire
No full textInternational audienceThis paper outlines the challenges of education in humanitarian emergencies, the support of professionals through training and research, and the conduct of artistic activities from a systemic and didactic perspective.Cette communication retrace les enjeux de l’éducation en situation d’urgence humanitaire, de l’accompagnement des professionnels par la formation et la recherche puis fait état de la conduite d’activités artistiques d'un point de vue systémique et didactique
Dynamical multi-parameter sizing of DDMRP buffers in finite capacity flow-shops
No full textInternational audienceThe DDMRP (Demand Driven Material Requirements Planning) methodology uses buffer stocks to (i) maintain a high level of service, (ii) stop the spread of uncertainty and (iii) adapt to market changes. According to theory, the size of these buffer stocks should be defined regularly. This sizing involves several parameters and policies to update them, but very little information is available on this subject. We aim to help practitioners choose sizing policies, while maximizing the performance of a given workshop. We have developed an experimental design to compare many combinations of flow-shops and bottleneck constraints, taken from industrial use-cases, and using discrete event simulation. The results show that (i) different degrees of dynamism are needed depending on the performance metric chosen by practitioners, (ii) completely dynamic control does not systematically lead to better performance, and (iii) contrary to what the existing literature on DDMRP suggests, varying buffer sizes may be less effective than fixed ones for an important part of use-cases
Variabilité spatiale de la qualité des eaux agricoles d’un bassin versant de deux arrondissements d’Antananarivo (Madagascar)
No full textInternational audienceContext: Spatial analysis of water quality was carried out on agricultural area from lowland of watershed in Tana 2 and Tana 4 - Madagascar. Purpose: It aims to determine agricultural water quality and spatial distribution analysis of alkalinity, salinity and organic matter content. Methods: The agricultural zone was subdivided into three plots P1, P2 and P3 according to soil type. Water sample taken from 43 georeferenced points were intended for pH, Electrical Conductivity (CE) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (DCO) analysis. The spatial distribution was established by interpolating those indicator values using v.kriging from GRASS GIS software. Results and discussion: Water from P2 plot have high alkalinity. Those from P3 plots are very rich in dissolved salt and organic matter. The spatial distribution of alkalinity and salinity follows a linear model. While an exponential mode characterizes the distribution of organic contentsContexte : L’analyse spatiale de la qualité des eaux a été réalisée dans la zone agricole située dans un bas-fond d’un bassin versant de Tana 2 et Tana 4 – Madagascar. Objectif : Elle vise à déterminer la nature des eaux agricoles et la variabilité spatiale de leur alcalinité, leur salinité et leur teneur en matière organique. Méthodes : La zone agricole a été subdivisée en trois parcelles P1, P2 et P3 selon le type de sol. Des échantillons d’eaux prélevés sur les 43 points géo référencés de cette zone ont été soumis aux mesures de pH, Conductivité Électrique (CE) et Demande Chimique en Oxygène (DCO). La distribution spatiale de ces paramètres a été établie par interpolation des valeurs de ces indicateurs en utilisant v.kriging du logiciel GRASS GIS. Résultats et discussion : Les eaux des parcelles P2 présentent une forte alcalinité. Celles de la parcelle P3 sont très riches en sels dissous et en matières organiques. La distribution spatiale de l’alcalinité et la salinité suit un modèle linéaire, tandis qu’un modèle exponentiel caractérise la répartition de la matière organique
