Hal-Diderot
Not a member yet
3207753 research outputs found
Sort by
To lie or not to lie in non-cooperative user-centric networks: Is lying worth it?
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents a load-aware network selection model intended to help users to determine whether or not to connect to a macro cell (MC) or a WiFi access point (AP) in noncooperative user-centric networks. The problem is formulated as a game theoretic model in which users selfishly maximize their throughput. Unlike in most existing work, we do not assume that users have complete information about the other users' dynamics, which makes it more realistic in a communication network with distributed users. Then, because the network selection decision depends crucially on truthful reporting of channel states by the users, we explore the idea of non-cooperative users sending signals that are likely to induce the scheduler to behave in a manner beneficial to them. We provide five procedures which consist of introducing hierarchy among the users reflecting their channel quality and dividing them into groups interfering with each other, but not within themselves. Having done this, we allow them to sequentially choose their preferred network. We also propose a solution to compel users to reveal the truthful signals to the macro eNodeB (MeNb) by designing an additional immunity parameter mainly meant to keep lying users from harming truthful users. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the additional immunity parameter does not only decrease the gain of liars, but it further improves the overall system performance. We provide extensive system level simulation results comparing our procedures between themselves and with traditional schemes. It is shown that the proposed solutions outperform classical approaches in almost every respect
Evaluating the ability to follow social cues in ADHD: calibration of a computerised tool (TooN) in children aged from 6 to 10 years
No full textInternational audienceTheorical background: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have difficulties in different areas of social cognition that affect their relationships with their peers and family [1]. Studies suggest that some children with ADHD have a difficulty in following social cues such as other’s gaze, which can be linked to their relational difficulties in daily life [2]. Our aim is to develop a tool (TooN) that would allow psychologists to identify children who do not follow non-verbal social cues, in order to refine their cognitive remediation therapy. To achieve the calibration of this tool, we studied the effect of age and gender on the ability to follow social cues of children without disorders.Method: 339 children without disorders, aged from 6 to 10 years old, were included in the calibration of TooN and were divided into 5 groups accordingly to their age (6 years old, n=67, 37 girls ; 7 years old, n=69, 26 girls ; 8 years old, n=76, 45 girls ; 9 years old, n=64, 33 girls ; 10 years old, n=63, 35 girls). TooN is a computerised tool that assesses the ability to follow non-verbal social cues close to real life, using videos of people gazing and/or pointing at everyday objects. The children's task was to press a button as quickly as possible when an object appeared on the screen, at the left or right of an individual. In some trials, the side of the object appearance was cued by the individual (i.e., congruent trials), either by deviating his or her gaze (i.e., Gaze condition) or by pointing with his or her finger (i.e., Pointing condition). In other trials, the individual gazed or pointed to the opposite side of the object appearance (i.e. incongruent trials). Standard effect sizes were calculated for Pointing and Gaze by making the difference between reaction times obtained in incongruent trials and reaction times obtained in congruent trials. A positive effect size means that children follow other’s gaze or pointing finger to the surrounding space.Results: Effect sizes of Pointing and Gaze followed a normal distribution. Student test analyses showed that the effect sizes of each age group were higher than 0, meaning that TooN measures strong cueing effects of Gaze and Pointing. Regression analyses showed that effect sizes decreased with age. Further analyses showed that girls had a larger effect size on Gaze than boys, while no significant difference was found in effect size on Pointing. Conclusion: TooN is an evaluative tool that could be used by psychologists to provide an assessment of a basic social cognition skill, which could be predictive of more complex social-cognitive skills such as theory of mind [3]. The assessment of this ability in clinical practice could help to refine cognitive remediation therapy of children with ADHD. TooN will be now tested in children with ADHD, in order to verify its psychometric qualities. References[1] Bora, E., & Pantelis, C. (2016). Meta-analysis of social cognition in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) : Comparison with healthy controls and autistic spectrum disorder. Psychological Medicine, 46(4), 699-716. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715002573[2] Marotta, A., Casagrande, M., Rosa, C., Maccari, L., Berloco, B., & Pasini, A. (2014). Impaired reflexive orienting to social cues in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 23(8), 649-657. doi: 10.1007/s00787-013-wq0505-8[3] Brooks, R., & Meltzoff, A. (2015). Connecting the dots from infancy to childhood: A longitudinal study connecting gaze following, language, and explicit theory of mind. Journal Of Experimental Child Psychology, 130, 67-78. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2014.09.01
Adam Smith reconsidered. History, liberty, and the foundations of modern politics
No full textInternational audienceBook review of Adam Smith reconsidered. History, liberty, and the foundations of modern politics by Paul Sagar, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2022, 248 pp., ISBN 978069121083
La condition R
No full textInternational audienceLe problème sur lequel nous allons nous concentrer dans cet article est celui de la transition d’un système physique vers un système biologique. Pourquoi cette transition n’est-ellepas une simple transition de phase, comme celle que les physiciens savent expliquer depuis longtemps ? Formulé en d’autres termes, ce problème n’est rien d’autre que celui de l’émergence de la vie.Derrière les origines de la vie, il y a donc un problème théorique que la physique et la chimie contemporaines ne savent pas encore résoudre. Insistons sur ce point: nous ne nous demanderons pas simplement comment fonctionne un système biologique, mais plutôt comment un système physique peut se transformer en un système biologique
La lingère et son piano en palissandre
No full textInternational audienceLe 17 août 1895, lorsque le juge de paix du Xe arrondissement entre au domicile de Marie Louise Gô pour faire une description de ses biens à la suite de son décès, il se retrouve dans un intérieur petit bourgeois. La défunte habitait un appartement de cinq pièces, abondamment décoré de bibelots en porcelaine ou en bronze et doté d’une salle à manger, indispensable pièce de la réception dans le mode de vie bourgeois. Dans la chambre à coucher trône même un piano en palissandre, instrument de musique par excellence de ce groupe social, fabriqué dans le bois le plus cher du marché. Pourtant, les documents de l’état civil nous racontent une toute autre histoire : Marie Gô est née dans un petit bourg de la Sarthe, d’un père maréchal-ferrant. Après avoir migré à Paris, elle a été lingère, avant de devenir employée de commerce. Elle ne s’est jamais mariée, mais a eu à 38 ans une enfant naturelle, que le père n’a pas reconnue. Autant d’éléments que l’histoire sociale nous apprend à reconnaître comme les marques d’un destin de femme des classes populaires. Les objets possédés sont donc ici le signe d’une discordance entre statut social et consommation et leur analyse rend possible l’étude d’une trajectoire biographique d’ascension sociale, invisible dans les sources classiques de l’histoire sociale. L’intérieur du domicile, en tant que sédimentation d’objets accumulés tout au long de la vie, peut servir de socle à un essai de « biographie matérielle » qui, dans le cas de Marie Gô, interroge les formes et les moyens la mobilité sociale pour une femme des classes populaires au tournant du siècle
Spectral Cross-Domain Neural Network with Soft-adaptive Threshold Spectral Enhancement
No full textElectrocardiography (ECG) signals can be considered as multi-variable time-series. The state-of-the-art ECG data classification approaches, based on either feature engineering or deep learning techniques, treat separately spectral and time domains in machine learning systems. No spectral-time domain communication mechanism inside the classifier model can be found in current approaches, leading to difficulties in identifying complex ECG forms. In this paper, we proposed a novel deep learning model named Spectral Cross-domain neural network (SCDNN) with a new block called Soft-adaptive threshold spectral enhancement (SATSE), to simultaneously reveal the key information embedded in spectral and time domains inside the neural network. More precisely, the domain-cross information is captured by a general Convolutional neural network (CNN) backbone, and different information sources are merged by a self-adaptive mechanism to mine the connection between time and spectral domains. In SATSE, the knowledge from time and spectral domains is extracted via the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) with soft trainable thresholds in modified Sigmoid functions. The proposed SCDNN is tested with several classification tasks implemented on the public ECG databases PTB-XL and MIT-BIH. SCDNN outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches with a low computational cost regarding a variety of metrics in all classification tasks on both databases, by finding appropriate domains from the infinite spectral mapping. The convergence of the trainable thresholds in the spectral domain is also numerically investigated in this paper. The robust performance of SCDNN provides a new perspective to exploit knowledge across deep learning models from time and spectral domains. The repository can be found: https://github.com/DL-WG/SCDNN-T
Intermolecular Interactions of Edaravone in Aqueous Solutions of Ethaline and Glyceline Inferred from Experiments and Quantum Chemistry Computations
No full textInternational audienceEdaravone, acting as a cerebral protective agent, is administered to treat acute brain infarction. Its poor solubility is addressed here by means of optimizing the composition of the aqueous choline chloride (ChCl)-based eutectic solvents prepared with ethylene glycol (EG) or glycerol (GL) in the three different designed solvents compositions. The slurry method was used for spectroscopic solubility determination in temperatures between 298.15 K and 313.15 K. Measurements confirmed that ethaline (ETA = ChCl:EG = 1:2) and glyceline (GLE = ChCl:GL = 1:2) are very effective solvents for edaravone. The solubility at 298.15 K in the optimal compositions was found to be equal x E = 0.158 (c E = 302.96 mg/mL) and x E = 0.105 (c E = 191.06 mg/mL) for glyceline and ethaline, respectively. In addition, it was documented that wetting of neat eutectic mixtures increases edaravone solubility which is a fortunate circumstance not only from the perspective of a solubility advantage but also addresses high hygroscopicity of eutectic mixtures. The aqueous mixture with 0.6 mole fraction of the optimal composition yielded solubility values at 298.15 K equal to x E = 0.193 (c E = 459.69 mg/mL) and x E = 0.145 (c E = 344.22 mg/mL) for glyceline and ethaline, respectively. Since GLE is a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, it is possible to consider this as a potential new liquid form of this drug with a tunable dosage. In fact, the recommended amount of edaravone administered to patients can be easily achieved using the studied systems. The observed high solubility is interpreted in terms of intermolecular interactions computed using the Conductorlike Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) approach and corrected for accounting of electron correlation, zero-point vibrational energy and basis set superposition errors. Extensive conformational search allowed for identifying the most probable contacts, the thermodynamic and geometric features of which were collected and discussed. It was documented that edaravone can form stable dimers stabilized via stacking interactions between five-membered heterocyclic rings. In addition, edaravone can act as a hydrogen bond acceptor with all components of the studied systems with the highest affinities to ion pairs of ETA and GLE. Finally, the linear regression model was formulated, which can accurately estimate edaravone solubility utilizing molecular descriptors obtained from COSMO-RS computations. This enables the screening of new eutectic solvents for finding greener replacers of designed solvents. The theoretical analysis of tautomeric equilibria confirmed that keto-isomer edaravone is predominant in the bulk liquid phase of all considered deep eutectic solvents (DES)
An example from turbulence how not to use the invariant function method of Lie-group symmetries
No full textThe recent Reply by Oberlack et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 069403 (2023)] fails to rebut the critique that a mathematical solution method has been misapplied in their original work. On a point-by-point basis we prove that all arguments put forward in that Reply are incorrect. Therefore, the fact that the invariant solution method of Lie-group symmetries should not be used for unclosed systems in the same way as for closed systems still holds true. Ignoring this fact only leads to wrong conclusions. Claims such as having derived solutions of the statistical Navier-Stokes equations from first principles, or having found a measure for the intermittent behaviour of turbulence or particularly the true scaling in wall-bounded turbulent shear flows, are incorrect
