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Raluca Bianca Roman, Sofiya Zahova, and Aleksandar G. Marinov, eds. Roma Writings. Romani Literature and Press in Central, South-Eastern and Eastern Europe from the 19th Century until World War II
No full textInternational audienc
Quand la qualification de convention réglementée est déduite des conditions d'exécution
No full textInternational audienceNote sous Cour de cassation (3e civ.), 30 novembre 2022, no 21-20.910 (F-D
Criação de problemas de proporcionalidade na formação de professores primários
No full textInternational audience[Objective] This article presents a description and analysis of an educational experience with prospective primary school teachers, aimed at developing their skills to create proportionality problems by modifying an initial problem to reflect a didactic-mathematical orientation. [Methodology] This is a qualitative and interpretative investigation that adopted an engineering or design approach to teaching in its research methodology. Theoretical and methodological tools of the Onto-semiotic Approach were used in both the design of the experience, and in the content analysis of participants’ responses. The investigation was carried out with a group of 127 Primary Education students of the University of Granada, Spain, organized in 33 teams to answer two problem-creation tasks. [Results] It was found that the participants most frequently created relevant problems by modifying a given problem, but that they did not manage to create problems that specifically allowed them to distinguish proportional from additive situations that are consistent with didactic-mathematical requirements. [Conclusions] Prospective teachers did not display sufficient didactic and mathematical knowledge to be able to successfully create proportionality problems. Training programs should therefore strengthen their strategies to develop this knowledge, incorporating it as a didactic resource in the teaching process to assist in improving the skills of prospective teachers in the analysis of mathematical activities[Objetivo] El objetivo de este artículo es describir y analizar una intervención formativa con futuro personal docente de primaria, dirigida a desarrollar la competencia para crear problemas de proporcionalidad mediante la variación de un problema inicial y la elaboración a partir de un requerimiento didáctico-matemático. [Metodología] Se trata de un estudio cualitativo e interpretativo que adopta una metodología propia de las investigaciones de diseño o ingeniería didáctica. Tanto en el diseño de la intervención, como en el análisis de contenido de las respuestas de los sujetos participantes se emplean herramientas teóricas y metodológicas del enfoque ontosemiótico. Se trabaja con un grupo de 127 estudiantes para docentes de Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Granada, España; organizados en 33 equipos para responder a dos consignas sobre creación de problemas. [Resultados] Los resultados muestran que los sujetos participantes crean con mayor frecuencia problemas pertinentes mediante la variación de un problema dado, pero que no logran crear problemas que permitan, de manera específica, distinguir situaciones proporcionales de aditivas a partir de un requerimiento didáctico-matemático. [Conclusiones] Se concluye que los futuros maestros y maestras manifiestan un conocimiento didáctico y matemático insuficiente para crear problemas de proporcionalidad exitosamente. Por esto es necesario que los programas de formación refuercen las estrategias para desarrollar esta tarea, incorporándola como recurso didáctico en el proceso de enseñanza, y mejorando la competencia para el análisis de la actividad matemática del futuro profesorado.[Objetivo] Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar uma intervenção formativa com futuros professores do ensino básico, destinada a desenvolver a competência para criar problemas de proporcionalidade por variação de um problema inicial e elaboração com base num requisito didático-matemático. [Metodologia] Este é um estudo qualitativo e interpretativo que adota uma metodologia própria das pesquisas de desenho ou engenharia didática. Tanto no desenho da intervenção como na análise de conteúdo das respostas dos sujeitos participantes são utilizados instrumentos teóricos e metodológicos da abordagem ontossemiótica. Trabalha-se com um grupo de 127 alunos para professores do Ensino Primário da Universidade de Granada, Espanha; organizados em 33 equipes para responder a duas instruções sobre a criação de problemas. [Resultados] Os resultados mostram que os sujeitos participantes criam com mais frequência problemas pertinentes ao variar um determinado problema, mas não conseguem criar problemas que permitam, de forma específica, distinguir situações proporcionais de aditivas a partir de uma exigência didático-matemática. [Conclusões] Conclui-se que os futuros professores apresentam conhecimentos didáticos e matemáticos insuficientes para criar com sucesso problemas de proporcionalidade. Por essa razão, é necessário que os programas de formação reforcem as estratégias para desenvolver esta tarefa, incorporando-a como recurso didático no processo de ensino e melhorando a competência para a análise da atividade matemática dos futuros professore
Méthodes d'apprentissage par renforcement pour espaces continus : les méthodes à gradient de politique et leurs améliorations (TRPO et PPO). v1.01
No full textThis report deals with reinforcement learning methods for continuous spaces, focusing on policy gradient methods and their improvements TRPO and PPO. These methods solve the difficulties encountered by Q-learning approaches in continuous state or action spaces. The paper explains how these methods work and how they compare with other approaches.Ce rapport traite des méthodes d'apprentissage par renforcement pour les espaces continus, en se concentrant sur les méthodes à gradient de politique et leurs améliorations TRPO et PPO. Ces méthodes permettent de résoudre les difficultés rencontrées par les approches de type Q-learning dans les espaces d'états ou d'actions continus. Le document fournit des explications sur le fonctionnement de ces méthodes et leur comparaison avec d'autres approches
A Game of Competition for Risk
No full textIn this study, we present models where participants strategically select their risk levels and earn corresponding rewards, mirroring real-world competition across various sectors. Our analysis starts with a normal form game involving two players in a continuous action space, confirming the existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium and providing an analytical solution. We then extend this analysis to multi-player scenarios, introducing a new numerical algorithm for its calculation. A key novelty of our work lies in using regret minimization algorithms to solve continuous games through discretization. This groundbreaking approach enables us to incorporate additional real-world factors like market frictions and risk correlations among firms. We also experimentally validate that the Nash equilibrium in our model also serves as a correlated equilibrium. Our findings illuminate how market frictions and risk correlations affect strategic risk-taking. We also explore how policy measures can impact risk-taking and its associated rewards, with our model providing broader applicability than the Diamond-Dybvig framework. We make our methodology and code open-source 1. Finally, we contribute methodologically by advocating the use of algorithms in economics, shifting focus from finite games to games with continuous action sets. Our study provides a solid framework for analyzing strategic interactions in continuous action games, emphasizing the importance of market frictions, risk correlations, and policy measures in strategic risk-taking dynamics
Microsimulation
No full textMicrosimulation is a quantitative method for estimating the expected impact of an intervention (e.g. the modification of a tax rate) and describing its effects (winners, losers, budgetary envelope, effect on inequality indicators). It is based on taking into account the characteristics of the target population (e.g. age, income, etc.) and modelling public policy effects concerning this population. Because of the diversity of situations that it makes it possible to integrate, this technique provides more precise and complete results than estimates based on average or aggregate reasoning of the representative individual type. Its development has been encouraged by the improvement in computing power and the increase in statistical information (surveys or administrative data). It is an essential tool for ex ante evaluation of the impact of public policies and can also be used for ex post evaluation
Lectures et contre-lectures du Journal d’un chat assassin en CE2-CM1 : un éclairage interprétatif par la BD ?
No full textInternational audienc
Prolonged Piezo1 Activation Induces Cardiac Arrhythmia
No full textInternational audienceThe rhythmical nature of the cardiovascular system constantly generates dynamic mechanical forces. At the centre of this system is the heart, which must detect these changes and adjust its performance accordingly. Mechanoelectric feedback provides a rapid mechanism for detecting even subtle changes in the mechanical environment and transducing these signals into electrical responses, which can adjust a variety of cardiac parameters such as heart rate and contractility. However, pathological conditions can disrupt this intricate mechanosensory system and manifest as potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Mechanosensitive ion channels are thought to be the main proponents of mechanoelectric feedback as they provide a rapid response to mechanical stimulation and can directly affect cardiac electrical activity. Here, we demonstrate that the mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 is expressed in zebrafish cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, chemically prolonging PIEZO1 activation in zebrafish results in cardiac arrhythmias. indicating that this ion channel plays an important role in mechanoelectric feedback. This also raises the possibility that PIEZO1 gain of function mutations could be linked to heritable cardiac arrhythmias in humans
