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The Role of Mass Media in Development Political Awareness: An Analytical Descriptive Study
No full textمیدیا ڕۆڵێکی گرنگی لە ئاڕاستەکردنی سەرنج و بۆچونى تاکەکانى کۆمەڵگە بۆ پرس و ڕووداوە سیاسییە گرنگەکانى ڕۆژ هەیە، چونکە کاریگەری لەسەر ژیانیان هەیە. ئامانج لەم توێژینەوەیە تێگەیشتنە لە ڕۆڵی میدیاى جەماوەرى لە روستکردنى کاریگەری لەسەر جەماوەر بۆ پەرەپێدانی ئاستى هۆشیاری سیاسیان و بەشداری سیاسیی خەڵک، هاوکات شیکردنەوەی ئەو ئامراز و پلاتفۆرمە میدیاییانەی کە بۆ بڵاوکردنەوەی زانیاری سیاسی بەکاردەهێنرێن و، لەگەڵ ڕونکردنەوەى ئاستى کاریگەرییان لەسەر جەماوەر دوو ئامانجى دیکەى توێژینەوەکەیە، هەروەک ئاشنابون بە ئەرک و ڕۆڵى میدیاى جەماوەرى لە پەرەپێدانى هۆشیارى و بەشدارى سیاسى هاوڵاتیان و زانینى شێوە و نیشاندەرەکانى پەرەپێدانی هۆشیاری سیاسی لە کۆمەڵگە لە ئامانجەکانى دیکەى توێژینەوەکەن. ئەم توێژینەوەیە كە توێذینەوەیەكی چۆنایەتییە لە شێوازی لێكدانەوەی ناوەرۆك، پشتی بەستووە بە ئامرازی كتێبخانەیی. پشت بە میتۆدى وەسفى شیکارى بەستراوە، لە ئەنجامدا دەرکەوتووە لە سایەی میدیاى جەماوەرى (میدیاى نوێ، سوشیال میدیا، تەلەفزیون، ڕۆژنامە، ڕادیۆ) ئاستى هۆشیارى سیاسى تاکەکانى کۆمەڵگە بەڕێژەى جیاواز پەرەیپێدراوە و، هاوڵاتیان ئاگاداری پرۆسەی سیاسی و گرنگی بەشداریکردنیان لە هەڵبژاردن و بڕیارى سیاسین، میدیاى جەماوەرى توانیویەتى هاندەری بەشداری سیاسی تاکەکانى کۆمەڵگە بێت، هەروەها چاودێری ئەدای حکومەت و دامەزراوە سیاسیەکان بکەن تا شەفافیەت و دادپەروەرى و یەکسانى پەیڕەو بکەن، چونکە کاتێک میدیاکان گەندەڵی یان خراپ بەکارهێنانى دەسەڵاتى بەڕێوەبردن ئاشکرا دەکەن، یارمەتیدەر دەبێ بۆ هاندانی لێکۆڵینەوەى دادى و پەیڕەوکردنى سیاسەتى یەکسان لە کۆمەڵگە و پیادەکردنى دادپەروەری گشتى لە بەردەم یاسا.This study underscores the pivotal role of media in steering public focus and opinion toward salient political issues and occurrences, which significantly influence their daily lives. This study aims to explore the impact of mass media on enhancing the political consciousness and participatory engagement of the public. Additionally, it investigates the various methodologies and platforms employed in the dissemination of political content, aiming to clarify their effectiveness in shaping public perception and understanding. A further objective encompasses a comprehensive examination of the responsibilities and contributions of mass media in fostering an environment conducive to increased awareness and active political involvement among citizens. Identifying the methodologies and key indicators for measuring the increase of political awareness within the populace also constitutes a central aim of this inquiry.
This study, employing a descriptive analytical approach, reveals that mass media—encompassing new media, social media, television, newspapers, and radio—significantly influences the political awareness of individuals within society, manifesting in diverse extents of development. It has been observed that the populace has gained an understanding of the political process and recognized the significance of their involvement in electoral and political decision-making. Furthermore, mass media has played a pivotal role in fostering political engagement among community members, in addition to overseeing governmental and institutional actions to uphold transparency, fairness, and equality. The media's exposure of corrupt practices or the improper use of administrative authority facilitates legal scrutiny and the implementation of policies advocating for equality within society, thereby leading to the achievement of widespread justice under the law.
Key words: Role, Mass Media, Development, Awareness, Political Awarenes
Government legitimacy in Constitutional and International Law
No full textيتناول البحث موضوع غاية في الأهمية، وهو موضوع شرعية الحكومة في القانونين الدستوري و الدولي، وإن لا نستطيع تحديد شكلها وطبيعتها نظرا للتغيرات و التطورات التي تطرأ عليها عبر الأزمنة، ولكننا في هذا البحث يمكننا تحديدها من خلال معايير القانون الدستوري للدلالة على شرعية الحكومة ،وكما يقتضي النظر إلى قواعد الدولي في تحديد طبيعة الحكومات وشرعيتها، من حيث وسائل وصولها الى السلطة وكيفية ممارستها، وذلك من أجل السير بالدولة نحو الاستقرار وتنظيم أمورها السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية، للوصول إلى اقامة هيئات عاملة لتحقيق أهداف المجتمع. ويبين القانون الدولي أهم الآليات التي تعتمد عليها الحكومات في تثبيت ركائز الشرعية السياسية لها كما أن تتمتع الحكومات بالشرعية ليست بالضرورة ان يحميها من الغدر أو الانقلاب عليها وسلمية هذه الآليات تجعل الحكومات بكافة أنواعها تستمد إلى الشرعية الحقيقية بخلاف ما يتبادر إلى الذهن أن وسائل العنف والإكراه المستخدم من قبل السلطة تجعلها متمتعة بشرعيتها.The research deals with a very important topic, which is the topic of government legitimacy in constitutional and international law, although we cannot determine its form and nature due to the changes and developments that have occurred to it over time, but in this research we can determine it through the standards of constitutional law to indicate the legitimacy of the government, and as It requires the intervention of the international community in determining the nature and legitimacy of governments, in terms of the means of attaining power and how to exercise it, in order to move the state towards stability and organize its political, economic and social affairs, to achieve the establishment of working bodies to achieve the goals of society. International law shows the most important mechanisms that governments rely on to establish the foundations of their political legitimacy. Just as governments enjoying legitimacy does not necessarily protect them from treachery or a coup against them, the peacefulness of these mechanisms makes governments of all types derive true legitimacy, unlike what comes to mind, which is the means of violence and coercion used. By the authority that makes it enjoy its legitimacy
Estimating Hazard Function through Reliability Function and Empirical Methods
No full textIn this research, the reliability functions are applied to estimate the hazard function of four used car components (tires, brakes, lights, engine), which are inspected by aperiodic vehicles inspection (PVI) established in Erbil city, as a specialized company that conducts the annual technical inspection of vehicles to detect the failure component, that either require repair or replace it with a new one. For our purpose, the data about the failure components of a sample of size (50000) cars are obtained from the Erbil traffic directorate, which are annually inspected for 11 years (2010 – 2020) by a (PVI) company. From the available data the reliability function, hazard function, and probability density function of failure time of each component are found by the non-parametric method and the estimated Rayleigh distribution since the failure rates of the components are the linear functions of time, also the comparison between their reliability values have made by the mean absolute error method
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Sports Analytics and Training
No full textThe impact of artificial intelligence (AI) is clear and highly influential in many areas of sports, helping to improve team and player results. Not only that, but artificial intelligence has been introduced into the areas of training and analysis of data and results, emulating and presenting potential hypothetical scenarios through the capabilities employed in artificial intelligence to enable accurate and effective training in emergency and critical situations. Another major benefit of using AI in sports is to analyze data and game stats to improve team performance in future games. Improved good decision making capability has made using artificial intelligence applications to gain huge popularity and attention in both academia and industry especially in sports industry. The main problem associated with using Artificial Intelligence applications is sports is that the usefulness of AI for many sports viewers, experts, coaches, team managers, and policy makers is not clear especially when they are not particularly familiar or expert in the field of AI. Similarly, for many, the reasons for employing AI and machine learning (ML) models for mathematical analysis in areas such as sports remain lackluster or unclear. In this research paper the authors present a review in the importance of using AI applications in sports for the people involved in the sports industry in general and especially for the Iraqi academic staff and those working in the sports field. The stake holders and the parties involved need to learn how to use the principles of AI knowledge, and conduct research to improve the performance of Iraqi teams and player
Stability-Indicating and RP-HPLC Method for Analyzing Amlodipine Besylate in Commercially Available Drug Products in Kurdistan, Iraq
No full textThis study aims to develop and validate a stability-indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Amlodipine (Amlo) in bulk and tablet dosage forms. The method’s goal is to evaluate the stability and degradation of Amlo under various stress conditions. The method was optimized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a UV detector. The mobile phase consisted of water and methanol in a 50:50 (v/v) ratio. An Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) was used for separation. The analysis was carried out at room temperature (25°C) with a 10 μL injection volume, a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, and detection at 360 nm. Method validation was conducted in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The stability of Amlodipine in tablet forms, under various stress conditions (acidic, alkaline, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic), was also evaluated. The finding showed excellent linearity (R² = 0.994) in the concentration range of 5–25 μg/mL. Precision was demonstrated by a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 0.8%. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.65 μg/mL and 2.16 μg/mL, respectively. Accuracy was assessed at three different levels, yielding recoveries above 98%. The method successfully detected the degradation products of Amlo under the applied stress conditions. The developed and validated HPLC method is simple, precise, and accurate for the simultaneous determination of Amlodipine in bulk and tablet forms. It is reliable for evaluating the stability and degradation of Amlo under different stress conditions, making it suitable for routine quality control and stability testing of Amlo-based pharmaceutical products
Organizational Culture’s Involvement Dimension and Academic Staff Task Performance
No full textThe influence of empowerment, team orientation, and capability development dimensions of involvement on academic staff’s task performance at Cihan University-Erbil is examined in this paper. By shedding light on the link between these involvement characteristics and academic staff task performance, this study adds to the body of knowledge in the field of organizational behavior and management. This research uses a quantitative methodology. Based on well-known theories and scales for task performance, empowerment, team orientation, and capability development, a questionnaire is created. Academic staff members from Cihan University-Erbil’s various departments make up the sample. To guarantee representation and generalizability of the results, a random sampling approach is used. The study contributed to the body of knowledge on involvement performance in this setting by demonstrating how academic staff task performance was positively impacted by empowerment, team orientation, and capability development. Furthermore, the results offer significant perspectives for academic staff and university administrators on how to raise the degrees of empowerment, team orientation, and capability development to enhance academic staff task performance
The Characterization Problem of Digital Drugs in the Iraqi Criminal System
No full text يتناول هذا البحث الاشكالية في ايجاد الية قانونية لتكييف المخدرات الرقمية، وبالتالي بيان المسؤولية الجنائية وفق المنظومة الجنائية العراقية الحالية، هذا من جانب، ومن جانب اخر، حاولنا حث المشرعين العراقي الاتحادي والكردستاني الاقليمي (اقليم كردستان العراق) على القيام بمزامنة تداعيات الجرائم الالكترونية المستحدثة واستشراف العواقب المستقبلية المترتبة من جراء مثل هذه الجرائم، انطلاقا من مبدأ حماية أمن واستقرار وسلامة المجتمع عن طريق سن قوانين عصرية لمواجهة الجرائم الالكترونية، وعدم افلات مرتكبيها من العقاب. لذا، من أجل الاحاطة بموضوع البحث، قمنا بتقسيمه الى مبحثين؛ في المبحث الاول، قمنا بدراسة ماهية المخدرات الرقمية، من خلال تعريف والية عمل هذه المخدرات، بالإضافة الى دراسة التحديات العلمية والقانونية لمواجهة المخدرات الرقمية، بينما في المبحث الثاني قمنا بدراسة الالية القانونية لتكييف المخدرات الرقمية، من خلال مقاربتين، في اولهما حاولنا تكييف المخدرات الرقمية كمخدرات تقليدية، بينما في المقاربة الثانية حاولنا تكييف هذه المخدرات كجريمة احتيال الالكتروني. وفي هذه الخطوة الاستباقية، وبالاستناد الى مبادئ العدالة التنبؤية، حاولنا وضع استراتيجية جنائية مساعدة من اجل الوصول تشريعيا لحل اشكالية تكييف المخدرات الرقمية من خلال هاتين المقاربتين. Based on the current laws in Iraq's criminal legislative system, this research addresses the issue of identifying a legal framework for characterising digital drugs and thereby establishing criminal culpability. On the one hand, and on the other hand, we have tried to urge the Iraqi federal and Kurdistan regional legislators to synchronise the repercussions of the emerging cybercrime and predicate the future consequences of such crimes, based on the principle of protecting the security, stability, and safety of society by enacting modern laws to confront cybercrime, and not impunity for the perpetrators. Therefore, in order to understand the topics of the research, we divided the research into two sections: in the first topic, we studied what digital drugs are (the definition) by defining the mechanism of action of these drugs, while in the second topic, we studied the legal mechanism for characterising digital drugs through two approaches: in the first of them, we tried to characterise digital drugs as conventional drugs, while in the second approach, we tried to characterise this drug as a digital fraud
Civil Liability of a Notary Puplic in Iraqi Law
No full textگومان لەوە دا نیە کە وا دادنووس پێگەیەکی یاسایی گرینگی هەیە ،چونکە بە دیهێنەری دادپەروەرییە لە کومەڵگادا، بەتایبەتی لە ڕووی رێکخستن وپشتراستکردنەوە و دۆکیومێنت کردنی بەلگەنامە سەلمێنراوەکان ,كارى دادنووسى بە يەكێك لە كارە هەر گرنگەكان دادەنرێت کە لە زۆربەی وڵاتانی جیهان یاسای تایبەت بۆ ڕێکخستنی ئەرک و مافەکانی دادنووس دەکردووە، یاسا دانەری عیراقی بايەخێكى تەواوی بەم بابەتە داوە و ياسایەکی تايبەتى بۆ دەركردووە، بەوپێیەی یاسای ژمارە (٣٣) ساڵی ١٩٩٨ ی تایبەت بەدادنووسان دەرکردووە، کە تیایدا کۆمەڵی پابەندی و مافی دیاریکردووە بۆ دادنووسان، دادنووس بە پێى ياسای كار دەكات و بريارەكانى هەمووى ملكەچى چاودێرى و بەدووا داچوونن وە لە هەمان كات پاراستنى مافى ياسايى تاكەكانە لە كۆمەلگە كە ئەگەرهاتوو توشى هەر پێشێليەك بوون يان كەم و كورتى هەبوو لە كارەكانى دادنووس بۆيە لەم توێژینەوەیەدا هەوڵدراوە بەرپرسیاریەتی شارستانی دادنووس بخەینەڕوو وە پایەکانی بەرپرسیاریەتی شارستانی دادنووس لە ژێر ڕۆشنایی یاسا بەرکارەکان بەدیاربخەین، بۆ ئەوى وەڵامى پرسيارە ئاراستە كراوەكان بدەينەوە لەم توێژينەوە پێويستە مەنهجى شيكارى بەراوردکاری بگرينە بەر بۆ شيكاركردنى هەموو ئەو دەقە ياساييانەى كەوا باس لەم بابەتە دەكات لە ياساى ژمارە (٣٣) سالى ١٩٩٨ بە بەراورد لەگەڵ یاساکانی بەرکاری عەرەبی وەکو (یاسای ئەردەنی ژمارە١١ی ساڵی ١٩٥٢ و یاسای دادنووسی لوبنانی ژمارە ٣٣٧ ساڵی ١٩٩٤)، ئەوەش لەپێناو ئەوەی کە بتوانین بابەتەکە بەباشترین شێوە بابەتەکە بخەینەڕوو، وە لە کۆتایدا گرنگترین ئەو دەرەنجامانەی کە پێی گەیشتووین خراوەتەڕوو.There Is No Doubt That The Notary Has An Important Legal Position, Because He Is The Creator Of Justice In Society, Especially In Terms Of Organizing, Verifying And Documenting Proven Documents. The Work Of Notary Is Considered One Of The Most Important Work That In Most Countries Of The World They Have Set Special Laws To Regulate The Duties And Rights Of Notary, The Iraqi Legislator Has Paid Full Attention To This Issue And Issued A Special Law, As Law No. (33) Of 1998 On Notaries, Which Defines A Set Of Obligations And Rights For Notaries, Notary Works In Accordance With The Law And His Decisions Are Subject To Monitoring And Investigation, While Protecting The Legal Rights Of Individuals In Society In The Event Of Any Violation Or Deficiency In The Work Of The Notary, Therefore, In This Study We Have Tried To Present The Civil Responsibility Of Notary And The Pillars Of Civil Responsibility Of Notary In The Light Of The Applicable Laws, In Order To Answer The Questions Raised In This Study, We Must Apply A Comparative Analysis Methodology To Analyze All The Legal Texts That Deal With This Issue In Law No. 33 Of 1998 In Comparison With Arab Applicable Laws Such As (Jordanian Law No. 11 Of 1952 And Lebanese Law No. 337 Of 1994), In Order To Present The Article In The Best Possible Way, And Finally The Most Important Conclusions We Have Reached Are Presented
The Role of Organizational Ambidexterity in Achieving Strategic Agility: An Analytical Study of the Opinions of General Managers in the Office of Ministries of the Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
No full textيهدف البحث الحالي إلى توضيح الدور الذي تؤديه البراعة المنظمية في تحقيق الرشاقة الاستراتيجية، وتحقيقاً لأهداف البحث تم تصميم استمارة استبانة عَدّت لهذا الغرض ، ووزعت في المنظمات المبحوثة، على مجتمع البحث ممن هم بدرجة مدير عام، وبواقع (85) استمارة، في حين بلغت نسبة الاستمارات المسترجعة منها (%75). وبعد التطرق إلى المحاور النظرية، والتي هي: البراعة المنظمية، الرشاقة الاستراتيجية، وما يخص وصف عينته، تم تحليل البيانات المستحصلة من الميدان المبحوث باستخدام معامل الارتباط البسيط، ونماذج الانحدار الخطي البسيط أيضا، مما ساعد على التوصل إلى مجموعة من النتائج، التي تم في ضوئها بلورة جملة من الاستنتاجات من أهمها: أفرزت نتائج التحليل وجود علاقات وتأثير معنوية وقوية بين ابعاد البراعة المنظمية والرشاقة الاستراتيجية، وهذا يوضح مدى تحقيق الوزارات الرشاقة الاستراتيجية باعتماد ابعاد البراعة المنظمية. وضعف اهتمام الوزارات المبحوثة بأسلوب الادارة بالثقة وبناء العلاقات الاستراتيجية مع المواطنين وبين العاملين فيها. وفي ضوء الاستنتاجات، قدم البحث مقترحات عدة، ومن أهمها: الإستمرار في إستثمار المستويات العالية من البراعة المنظمية من أجل لفت أنظار المديرين العاميين في الوزارات المبحوثة الاهتمام بتهيئة بيئة عمل ملائمة تتوافر فيها الإمكانات المادية والمالية والبشرية والمعلوماتية والتقانية ونظم العمل والآليات المناسبة، وثقافة منظمية مساندة تشجع على التفكير الإبداعي الذي يقود إلى التفوق والتميّز والترشيق.The research aims at clarifying the role played by organizational ambidexterity in achieving strategic agility. In order to achieve the objective of research, a questionnaire prepared and distributed in the surveyed organizations to the sample of (85) general manager (10) questionnaire of them were not retrieved. After mentioning to the theoretical approach and description of sample, the data obtained were tabulated and then analyzed using the statistical method by means the SPSS package. the simple correlation coefficient and simple linear regression models were extracted. The results revealed that ther was statistical significance relationships between the dimensions of Organizational Ambidexterity and the strategic agility, this demonstrates the extent to the Ministries achieve the strategic agility through the adaptation of Organizational Ambidexterity. In the light of the results, the research concluded that the continuation in investing in highly levels of Organizational Ambidexterity of the general manager of the Ministries through providing an appropriate working environment concerning the financial, human, information, technology, working systems and the updated mechanisms supported by the organizational culture will encourage creative thinking leading to excellenc
An Overview of Signs and Symptoms to Determine Coronavirus and Omicron Patients in Primary Care and Hospitals
No full textCoronaviruses, a type of virus family, cause severe respiratory diseases in people. The coronavirus is most frequently linked to the common cold, but in persons with SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) virus infection, it can also lead to serious respiratory sickness. The spread of the coronavirus is by having direct contact with infected saliva, mucus, or blood. Infected surfaces, such as those in hospitals or other healthcare facilities, can potentially spread the infection when touched. Now spreading globally is the Omicron version of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). According to preliminary studies, the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a higher probability of re-infection. To recognize COVID-19 as well as omicron people in hospitals and primary health care, this review study focuses on the symptoms and indications. The data was collected and analyzed from more than one hundred high-impact original research papers to conclude their results and make a comparison between methods and findings