Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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Dynamic Power Allocation for Downlink NOMA
No full textDynamic Power Allocation for Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a critical research area in wireless communication systems. This study focuses on implementing and evaluating dynamic power allocation strategies in the context of downlink NOMA. We compare the performance of dynamic power allocation with fixed power allocation schemes to assess their impact on system throughput, interference management, and overall efficiency. Through extensive simulations and analysis in this paper using MATLAB, we demonstrate a comparison between dynamic power allocation and fixed power allocation, and the advantages of dynamic power allocation in adapting to changing channel conditions and user requirements, leading to improved system performance. Our results show the data rate and outage probability which provides valuable insights into the benefits of dynamic power allocation in downlink NOMA systems and highlight the importance of adaptive power management techniques in enhancing wireless communication networks
A Recently Formulated Individual Control Chart Designed for Quality Control Applications within the Health-care Domain
No full textQuality control charts are based on data that is also used for various statistical analyses, such as regression, time series analysis, and other types of analyses. This implies that the data used to create these charts may contain outliers, potentially compromising their accuracy. To eliminate any potential noise or pollution from the data, a researcher proposed using wavelet shrinkage with a threshold and comparing the resulting data with Shewart's individual chart. Based on this, a new quality control chart was proposed and built using a universal approach for assessing the level of thresholding, representing the individual chart for wavelet haar with soft and hard thresholding. Following that, a comparison was performed between them as well as with Shewart's individual chart. This letter's most significant conclusion is that, in addition to using two real data points—triglyceride, which was recorded by a laboratory blood analyzer in Al-Jumhuri and at the specialized Center for Cardiology Hospital in Erbil Governorate—it may be possible to use wavelet shrinkage with a threshold to address issues of noise or pollution when Shewart's individual chart was made and used. Moreover, the wavelet method effectively reduces deviation, as demonstrated in both sets of data
The Effect of Learners’ Self- directed Study on Willingness to Communicate
No full textSelf-directed study is a crucial need for learners to emphasize its central role in language education. Fostering and improving students’ ability to take initiative in their learning is considered crucial, for achieving success in both the present and future career. Additionally, recognizing the significance of being open to communication willingness to communicate works as a measure of learning, which can lead to attitudes, among students. This paper aims at finding out the relationship and the effect of learners’ self -directed motivation on willingness to communicate by answering the following questions. Is there any relationship between self-direction and willingness to communicate? Does self -direction have a positive impact on willingness? The paper examines willingness to communicate of 3rd grade students in English Department, from Collage of Basic Education at Salahaddin University –Erbil for the academic year 2022–2023. The participants are (60) students. The paper conducted through quantitative method. The data have been collected by a questionnaire and the tool adopted for analyzing the data is Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). It is concluded that the most common factors that influence on students’ willingness to communicate are motivation, reliance, and anxiety about making mistakes and challenging situations. Another concluding point is that, students were unwilling to utilize only English while expressing an idea or discussing a matter with classmates or teachers. Moreover, Students referred to linguistic factors represented as indicative of their preference in taking more foreign courses and feeling comfortable in the classroom
The Role of Social Media Platforms in the Increase of Harassment of Girls in the Kurdistan Region
No full textتوێژینەوەكان ئەوە پشتڕاستدەكەنەوە، كە هەراسانكردن دیاردەیەکە لە زۆرێك لەوڵاتانی دنیادا بەربڵاوە بەتایبەت لەسەردەمی تۆڕەکۆمەڵایەتییەکاندا، شێوازەكانی هەراسانكردن زیاتر هەستپێكراوترە، ئەم توێژینەوەیە بەدواچوونێک دەکات سەبارەت بەوەی کە چۆن پلاتفۆرمەكانی سۆشیاڵ میدیا لە هەرێمی کوردستاندا دەبنە سەکۆیەک بۆ زیادبوونی دیاردەی هەراسانكردنی كچان. ئامانجی سەرەكی توێژینەوەكەش بریتییە لەخستنەڕووی ڕۆڵ و کاریگەریی و لێێكەوتەكانی، پلاتفۆرمەكانی سۆشیاڵ میدیا لە تەشەنەکردنی دیاردەی هەراسانكردنی كچان لای بەكارهێنەری هەرێمی كوردستاندا، لەم توێژینەوە میتۆدی(وەسفی-بەرێگەی رووپێوی)بەكارهاتووە بۆ باس كردن وهەڵسەنگاندنی رادی كاریگەری پلاتفۆرمەكانی سۆشیال میدیا لە زیادبوونی هەراسانكردن ئەمەش لەڕوانگەی سامپڵێك لە كچانی نیشتەجێی سەنتەری شاری هەولێر, دەڤەری سۆران، كە ژمارەیان (255)كچە قوتابی بوون لە قوتابخانە ناوەندی و ئامادەییەكان. هەروەها توێژینەوەکە پەنجە دەخاتەسەر كاریگەریەكانی ئەو هەراسانكردنانە كە لەسەر ژیانی كۆمەڵایەتی و دەروونی كچان دروستی دەكات، لە دەرەئەنجامدا دەركەوتووە كە زۆرینەی كچان پلاتفۆرمەكانی سۆشیاڵ میدیا بەكاردەهێنن و تێیدا توشی هەراسانكردن دەبنەوە، بەتایبەت لە تۆڕی سناپچات بەهۆی ئەوەی بەربڵاوترینە لە بەكارهێناندا لەلایەن كچانەوە.
The main objective of the study is to present the role, impact and consequences of social media platforms in the spread of harassment of girls among users in the Kurdistan Region, from the perspective of a sample of girls living in Erbil, Soran region The results showed that the majority of girls using social media platforms are harassed, especially on Snapchat because it is the most widespread among girls in use. Research confirms that harassment is a widespread phenomenon in many countries, especially in the era of social networks, harassment methods are more noticeable, this study investigates how social media platforms in the Kurdistan Region become a platform for the increase of harassment of girls
Antibacterial and Wound Healing Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella variicola
No full textThe increase in antimicrobial resistance and the absence of novel antibiotic development cause problems in controlling infections for wound healing. Antibacterial properties of nanomaterials have emerged as a potentially effective approach in the pursuit of superior alternatives, nevertheless, the toxicity associated with higher concentrations has emerged as a significant obstacle. According to this study, green nanoparticle synthesis is demonstrated to be both economical and biocompatible on account of the bioactive compounds present. In the present work, silver nanoparticles prepared by using Pistacia khinjuk gum, then, nanoparticle-based cream was prepared and compared with Fusidin and Vaseline creams via assessment in vitro antibacterial and in vivo wound healing activity on Wistar albino rats infected with multi drug resistant Gram negative bacteria which was newly recorded in Iraq, namely Klebsiella variicola. The findings revealed that the application of nanoparticle cream resulted in more rapid and effective wound healing (11 days), demonstrating a significant synergistic effect in comparison to Fusidin (16 days), Vaseline (20 days), and the untreated control group rats (32 days). The results indicated that green nanoparticles proved to be a significant strategy in the fight against multidrug resistant bacteria, without any toxicity concerns
A Comparative Study of Efficacy and Safety among Metformin, Sitagliptin, and Glimepiride Monotherapies in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
No full textEffective management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires lifestyle changes and suitable medications to enhance quality of life and prevent complications. Choosing the right treatment involves considering the patient's clinical profile, drug efficacy, side effects, and cost. This study compares the safety and efficacy of sitagliptin, glimepiride, and metformin in T2DM patients. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Diabetes Center of Layla Qasim, Erbil, Iraq, including 143 diabetic patients. They were divided into three groups: group A received glimepiride (N=50), group B metformin (N=48), and group C sitagliptin (N=45). Drug costs, therapeutic outcomes, and side effects were analyzed. Patients aged 30 to 78 participated, with a female-to-male ratio of 83:60. All groups showed significantly improved HbA1c levels (P=0.001). Total cholesterol (TC) and LDL levels were also significantly different (P=0.047 and P=0.010, respectively). Sitagliptin significantly increased triglycerides (TG) and HDL-C. Gastrointestinal side effects were prominent in the metformin group. When selecting medication for T2DM, factors like age, HbA1c, glucose levels, obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin secretion, and hypoglycemia risk should be considered. Both sitagliptin and glimepiride were well tolerated, with minimal hypoglycemia risk and no significant weight differences between groups. Glimepiride is an effective, safe, and weight-neutral adjunct to metformin, offering extrapancreatic benefits and remains a viable second-line treatment option for T2DM patients
International Electronic Arbitration and the Adequacy of Attribution Rules in Iraqi Civil Law
No full textThe electronic arbitration is applied by the agreement of the arbitration parties to submit their disputes arising from contracts concluded by electronic means to a third party to decide them according to based on the parties' agreement, by modern communicating means and electronic technologies different from traditional means used in traditional arbitration. The electronic arbitration will be international, if the legal relation which is the subject-matter of the arbitration, is a legal relation interspersed with a foreign element. Or a special international contractual relation. It is worth-bearing in mind that although Iraq did not issue an international electronic arbitration law, but this study tried hard to determine the applicable law to both the procedures and the subject of the international electronic arbitration in conformity with the legal provisions available in the Iraqi law. We tried hard, in order to perform this legal institutionalization, to resort to some texts of the Iraqi Civil Law No. (40) of 1951, the law of civil procedures No. (83) of 1969, and the law of the electronic signature and electronic bargains No. 78 of 2012
The Effect of Lean Methodology on EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension Performance
No full textAs the demands of English language learners should be satisfied, the question of various teaching techniques has become contentious in classrooms. Lean, a cutting-edge approach, provides a successful way to learn a language. Teachers must employ efficient teaching strategies to accomplish their goals and excite learners. The current study looked into how teaching English as a second language affected students' ability to read comprehension. A control group and an experimental group were utilized in a pre-post-test quasi-experimental design. Following the pre-test, the experimental group received the treatment whereas the control group did not. For the analysis, 40 language learners from a language school in Erbil, Iraq, were taken into consideration. Lean was also disseminated to the participants to help them determine their aims before being applied as a teaching approach to the students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the statistical analysis (i.e., Independent samples t-test). In terms of how the two groups performed on the pre- and post-tests. It was discovered that the scores were different in a significant manner. This brand-new Lean education strategy has been demonstrated in this research conducted in the context of Iraq to improve learning outcomes (in this case, reading comprehension skills), complete the curriculum on schedule, and eliminate any specific waste
Fossilized Writing Errors of EFL Students: A Case Study of the English Department at Cihan University- Erbil
No full textThis study endeavors to investigate the fossilized writing errors of students in the English department at Cihan University, Erbil. Furthermore, the paper seeks to discern the underlying causes for these persistent fossilized forms and outline potential strategies to mitigate them. Twenty-five students were selected from the fourth stage in the English department to partake in three assessments conducted over the course of two semesters. Each assessment required the participants to write essays spanning 120–150 words about any subject. Subsequently, the writing samples from the initial two tests were scrutinized and corrected by the researcher then feedback was given to the students. The researcher categorized errors committed by learners of English based on three aspects; insights gleaned from previous studies, the errors in the tests, and interviews with English language instructors in the English department. The last test aimed to find out the fossilized or the persistent linguistic inaccuracies that continued appearing regardless of correction and feedback. The analysis revealed that students’ writing production is notably influenced by their mother tongue/first language and by faulty learning from the environment
Medical Error from the Perspective of the Iraqi Penal Code: An Analytical Jurisprudential Study
No full textئهم توێژینهوهیه به شێوهیهكی زانستییانه و به گرتنهبهری ڕێبازێكی شیكارییانه له ژێر ناونیشانی (ههڵهى پزیشك له ڕوانگهى ياساي سزادان لێكۆڵینهوهیهكى فیقهى شیكارى) دهپڕژێته سهر باسی و خواسێكی زور گرنگی ڕۆژگاری ئهمڕۆمان و تاوتوێی بهرپرسیارێتی ههڵه پزیشكییهكان و سزا و ئهو كهمو كوڕی و كهلێنه یاسایانهى له یاسای سزادان ههیه بەرامبەر بە هەڵە پزیشکییەکان کە لە کاتی نەشتەرگەری پزیشکی و چارەسەرەکاندا ڕوودەدەن، بهو پێیهی لە ئێستادا کە نەشتەرگەرییە پزیشکییەکان ڕۆژ لە دوای ڕۆژ زیاد دەکات و زور جار ههڵهی كوشندهی تێدا ڕوودهدهن و دهبنه هۆی تێكدانی تهواوی ژیانی كهسهكان کە کاریگەری لەسەر ژیان هەیە ، بۆیه، ئهم توێژینهوه شیكارى ئهم باسهی كردووه و بهو دهرهنجامه گهیشتووه كه ههڵه پزیشكییهكان، له ههندێك حالهتدا پزیشك بهرپرسیار نابێت و له ههندێكی تردا بهرپرسیار دهبێت، حالهتی بهرپرسیاریش چهندین ئاستی ههیه به گوێرهی ئاستی فهراموشكاری و گرنگی پێنهدانی پزیشك، بهرپرسیار بوون و نهبوونی پزیشكیش دهگهڕێتهوه بۆ ئاستی پهیوهست بوون و نهبوون به كۆمهلێك میكانیزمی دیاریكراو بۆ ڕێكخستنی كاری پزیشكی له یاسای سزادان له فیقهى هاوچەرخی ئیسلامى و شیكردنهوهى یاساى سزادان و ههڵسهنگاندن و دیاریكردنى كهموكوڕیهكان و پێشنیاركردن بۆ چارهسهركردنى ئهم گرفته.This study in a scientific way, according to an analytical method, and under the title (Ruling on Medical Errors from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence - An Analytical Study) sheds light on an important issue in our contemporary reality, where in the shade of the sources of Islamic jurisprudence and by making use of the total output of Muslim scholars in past centuries and the modern era, It discusses the issue of the doctor’s responsibility towards medical errors that occur during medical operations and treatments, as we see at the present time that medical operations increase day by day, and in many times serious errors occur that affect a person’s life in a large or small scale, and this study emerged after the investigation he conducted The researcher indicates that medical errors are diversified into two types: one type in which the doctor does not guarantee him, while another type the doctor is guarantor, and the second case does not have one level, but changes according to the case and the error that occurs, all of which is due to the doctor’s commitment or non-compliance with the standards Which scientists put for doctors to take into account in their work