Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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Emotionality and Attitude towards Body Size: A Cross-sectional Study among Adults in Mysore City
No full textObesity not only poses significant physical health risks but also deeply influences emotional well-being and societal acceptance. This cross-sectional study conducted in Mysore city, India, explores the relationship between emotionality and attitudes towards body size. A diverse sample of 444 adults participated, representing various age groups, genders, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain the data on body weight perception, emotional experiences, and attitudes towards weight loss. Results reveal that while a significant portion of participants (males-35.4%; females- 41.7%), particularly overweight and obese individuals, express dissatisfaction with their appearance, a prevalent desire to lose exists (P=0.001). However, the actual participation in weight loss programs remains low (male-21.1%; female-30.7%), indicating a gap between aspiration and action. Reasons for non-participation include a lack of education on weight management and insufficient motivation. Importantly, participants who did engage in weight loss programs reported high rates of relapse, with common reasons including reverting to previous lifestyles and lack of motivation. The study suggests a need for more effective weight regulation programs that incorporate education, exercise, and dietary interventions. Governmental and non-governmental efforts, alongside media campaigns, are essential in fostering a supportive environment for sustainable weight management and emotional well-being in Indian populations
Bisphenol A as a Potential Modulator of Biochemical Markers in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
No full textAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive behaviors, limited interests, and difficulties with social interactions. The purpose of this study was to measure the levels of bisphenol A (BPA), Vitamin D, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), body mass index (BMI), and some hematological parameters in children with and without ASD. For this study, 75 boys between the ages of 3 and 10 years were split into two groups: 40 children with ASD (ASD group) and 35 children without ASD (control group). The results of the present study show that the level of BPA is significantly higher in the ASD group, also the mean value of BMI significantly increased in the ASD group compared with the control group. Regarding the Vitamin D and calcium levels, the findings illustrate that Vitamin D and calcium significantly decline in the ASD group compared to the control group. On the other hand, the variations in the serum TSH, magnesium, and hematological parameters were insignificantly changed, except that the level of white blood cell was significantly elevated in the ASD group. BPA is the main factor lowering Vitamin D and serum calcium levels, as well as raising inflammatory cells and BMI of autistic children (children with autism)
Influence of Locally Sourced Recycled Tire Steel Fibers and Waste Aluminum on the Strength and Absorption Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
No full textThe study looks at how adding locally sourced recycled tire steel fibers (SF) and waste aluminum (WAL) affects the strength and absorption capacities of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC). FRC is a popular choice in sustainable construction because it improves strength, durability, and cracks resistance. However, the performance of FRC is influenced by fiber type, volume, and distribution. In this research, three SF volume fractions (0.5%, 1.25%, and 2%) and 10% WAL as a partial replacement for fine aggregate were incorporated into eight concrete mixes, including plain concrete, SF-enhanced concrete with varying fiber contents, WAL concrete, and combined SF-WAL mixes. Workability, density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and water absorption were determined after 28 days by the experimental program. Mechanical properties were found to increase by 1.25% SF, but strength decreased when the SF content was raised to 2%, as it caused fiber clumping. The experiment showed that when WAL is used alone, its effect is to boost workability, but it lowers the strength in compression and tension. Still, using 1.25% SF together with 10% WAL brought about a good balance, preserving the concrete’s strength. Using a moderate amount of SF limited water absorption, but when the concrete contained WAL, water absorption went up somewhat. According to this study, adding recycled SF and WAL to concrete improves its strength and supports sustainable construction
A Critical Analysis of the Liberal International Order: From Hegemony to Multipolarity
No full textPeople generally understand that the liberal international system came about after World War II and reached its peak around 1990. As the Soviet Union or what is called the Eastern campus fell apart, it paved the way for the US-led Western nations to take over and become the main driving force in international politics, changing the dynamics of the international system, and shifting the way things work on the global stage, moving from a bipolar into a unipolar system, making the United States the sole power. In addition, spreading the political and economic principles of liberal international order where the foundation of the system is shaped by these twofundamental pathways. However, over the last few years, the United States has encountered certain difficulties in upholding its dominance and advocating for its established system. The economic path might be manageable, but the political approach of democratic peace seems to be creating more divisions around the world. Difficulties, such as the emergence of influential regional players such as China and Russia, as well as the war in Ukraine, which is not just a regional conflict but a trial for the position of the existing global system. Therefore, the paper sheds light on the challenges confronting the current international order and the role of American leadership by analyzing historical developments, geopolitical dynamics, and ideological shifts, and the paper aims to illuminate the intricacies of this transition
The Relationship between Lecturers’ Teaching Styles and Students’ Motivation
Get PDFThis study seeks to examine the relationship between lecturers’ teaching styles and the level of motivation displayed by students in medical departments at Cihan University-Erbil. It aimed to analyze lecturers’ various teaching styles, assess students’ motivation, and examine their relationships. The researchers modified the Grasha-Riechmann (2002) survey, which included 20 statements divided into five styles: expert, formal authority, demonstrator, facilitator, and delegator. The survey was distributed to 25 lecturers and 247 medical students from diverse medical departments. Each style was classed based on its mean score, standard deviation, minimum score, and highest score. Students’ motivation levels were tested using a t-test. In addition, ten random classroom observations were carried out. The findings demonstrated that lecturers’ teaching styles varied according to their field, student cohort size, and educational environment. The most common style was expert (teacher-centered), followed by facilitator (student-centered), demonstrator (teacher-student), formal authority (teacher-centered), and delegator (student-centered). The implementation of various teaching styles by lecturers enhanced student motivation, indicating a correlation between teaching styles and student motivation levels
The Impact of Different Doses of Nickel Chloride on Some Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in the Liver of Rats
No full textThe present study investigated the effects of different doses of nickel chloride (NiCl₂) on biochemical markers and liver histology. Twenty-one young male rats, aged 3–4 weeks and weighing 150 - 200 g, were randomly assigned to three groups (N=7). The control group received only tap water, while the other two groups were exposed to nickel chloride at concentrations of 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg in their drinking water for six weeks. The results indicated no significant differences in biochemical parameters between the treated groups and the control subjects. Histological examination of liver tissues from rats exposed to nickel chloride (100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) revealed significant pathological changes. Observed abnormalities included cellular swelling, nuclear pyknosis, degeneration, necrosis, and blood vessel congestion, with higher doses leading to more pronounced damage. These findings suggest that nickel chloride poses a potential risk to liver health even at low concentrations and short exposure durations
Indoor Airborne Fungal community in an Experimental Animal Hall and their Risks and Control Using Essential Oil Vapors
No full textAirborne fungi are a major concern in indoor environments, particularly in experimental animal housing facilities, where they pose significant health risks to both animals and humans. This study investigates the diversity, concentration, and health implications of airborne fungal species present in an experimental animal house at Cihan University-Erbil. Air samples were collected from both indoor and outdoor environments to assess fungal contamination levels. The results revealed that indoor air had a significantly higher fungal concentration (401 CFU/m³) compared to outdoor air (202 CFU/m³), with dominant species including Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria sp., and White Yeast. The study also evaluated the antifungal efficacy of Lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus oil vapor, which demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, suggesting its potential as a natural antifungal agent. The findings highlight the importance of proper ventilation and fungal control measures in animal housing environments to mitigate health risks. Future research should explore the long-term effectiveness of natural antifungal agents and optimize air quality management strategies
Evaluating the COVID-19 Lockdown’s Effects on Land Surface Temperature, NO2, and O3 in the Erbil City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
No full textHumans’ lifestyles were radically changed after the 2020 COVID-19 epidemic. To mitigate the effects of the disease, most countries have implemented lockout systems. This research aims to provide some recommendations for long-term, sustainable environmental management by analyzing how the COVID-19 lockdown affected nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3), the land surface temperature (LST), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Sentinel Hub data and LANDSAT 8 satellite imagery from 2017 to 2022 were used to create land use land cover (LULC), NDVI, and LST maps. Digital thematic maps of NO2 and O3 with figures that demonstrate the correlation between NDVI-LST and LULC-LST were derived using Arc geographic information system 10.8. The spatial analysis showed that LST and LULC are noticeably correlated, in addition to an inverse proportion between NDVI and LST, as well as between NO2 and O3. The lockdown in Erbil drastically decreased NO2 emissions by 54.5% and improved O3 levels by 7.6%. While the NDVI and O3 levels have increased significantly, the LST and NO2 levels have declined considerably due to the shutdown of all industrial and transportation activities during the lockdown. Although COVID-19 caused a lot of damage, the lockdown contributed to healthier conditions of the environment
Correlation between Klebsiella Species’ Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance from Erbil Hospital Patients
No full textThe primary cause of nosocomial infections is Klebsiella pneumonia, an environmental gram-negative, encapsulated, non-motile bacterium. Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation are two crucial characteristics that contribute to the pathogenicity of this bacterium. This research aimed to examine the relationship between antibiotic resistance and the capability of Klebsiella species isolated from Erbil hospital patients to produce biofilms. Therefore, in this study, 38 samples were collected from different laboratories and hospitals. At first, the samples were rejuvenated in Tryptic soy broth and then cultured on MacConkey agar. Gram staining and urease test were performed to identify the bacterial isolates while VITEK 2 system was performed to determine both the bacterial isolates and the antibiotic susceptibility. At last, Biofilm detection was assessed by the microliter plate technique as well as the Congo red agar method. The results revealed positive Klebsiella samples that were both resistant to some antibiotics and biofilm producers
A Linguistic-stylistic Analysis of Lewis Carroll’s Jabberwocky
No full textThis article attempts at conducting a stylistic analytical study of a renowned poem by Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky. It tries to unveil the variations and schemes of linguistic stylistics that can be found in the poem. Carroll’s famed poem captivates with its linguistic deviations and imaginative storytelling. This scholarly investigation embarks on a comprehensive stylistic analysis of the iconic poem, delving into its distinctive linguistic features. By exploring Carroll’s masterful manipulation of language, especially in the realm of linguistics and stylistics, this research aims at unraveling the poetic brilliance and esthetic allure of Jabberwocky. The inquiry commences with a meticulous examination of Carroll’s artful utilization of linguistic play, boldly challenging conventional language norms and stretching the reader’s comprehension. The poem’s unique blend of real and invented words creates boundless creativity. His language exhibits distinctiveness and versatility, employing a diverse array of grammatical and poetic devices to manifest his unique style, thereby adding depth and intrigue to the poem. The methodology entails a comprehensive stylistic analysis based on Geoffrey Leech’s eight models of deviations and schemes. Overall, this article will show how linguistic-stylistic bridges the gap between language and literature studies, enriching researchers’ understanding of poetry within applied linguistics by scrutinizing the poet’s linguistic devices, structures, and effects. The article will encompass a theoretical explanation within the domains of literary analysis, poetic language analysis, and cognitive poetry in the realm of linguistic analysis