Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats
No full textBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous proliferation of the prostate tissue, predominantly impacting the transitional zone and periurethral area, resulting in lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly males. Chronic inflammation plays a widely acknowledged significant role in the etiology of BPH. Current pharmacological interventions comprise 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors and alphaadrenergic antagonists, both of which are linked to considerable adverse effects. Thus, there is an increasing demand for alternate therapy modalities with reduced adverse effects. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were initially developed for glycemic regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus while also providing benefits in diminishing significant cardiovascular incidents, enhancing heart failure results, and decelerating the advancement of chronic renal disease. Recent research indicates that SGLT2 inhibitors have antiinflammatory and antiproliferative properties. This study examines the impact of ertugliflozin and empagliflozin on testosterone-induced BPH in rats. BPH was induced in rats with the administration of testosterone enanthate. The treatment groups were administered ertugliflozin, empagliflozin, and finasteride. Prostate mass, prostate index, serum testosterone concentrations, and histological alterations were assessed. Ertugliflozin, empagliflozin, and finasteride significantly (P < 0.05) decreased mean prostate weight, prostate index, and blood testosterone levels. Histological investigation revealed a reduction of testosterone-induced BPH to mild prostatic hyperplasia in the ertugliflozin and finasteride groups. However, mild-to-moderate prostatic hyperplasia was observed in the empagliflozin group. Both SGLT2 inhibitors, ertugliflozin and empagliflozin, exhibited efficacy in alleviating BPH development, indicating a possible role in BPH therapy. Additional research is necessary to clarify their specific processes in BPH and clinical relevance
The Role of English Loanwords in Kurdish EFL Pronunciation Challenges
Get PDFThe present study aims at investigating the role of English loanwords in Kurdish English as a Foreign Language (EFL) pronunciation challenges while speaking English. To explore the pronunciation challenges and difficulties, a questionnaire is designed which consists of 20 items focusing on issues associated with the mispronunciation of English loanwords of Kurdish EFL learners. The questionnaire is given to the students at English department, College of Education, Charmo University and the collected data are analyzed statistically. A study hypothesizes that Kurdish EFL learners may have challenges and difficulties in pronouncing English loanwords when speaking English meanwhile the first language affects pronouncing the loanwords while they speak English. Hence, the students should avoid using pronunciation rules of the first language to pronounce the English loanwords while communicating in English. This helps the Kurdish EFL students pronounce the English loanwords correctly and communicate accurately. According to the findings and conclusion of the present study, it is suggested that Kurdish EFL students should be aware of pronouncing English loanwords and use the original pronunciation of the loanwords when speaking English
Grammatical Morphemes of Time in Kurdish and Turkish
No full textکاتێک هەر توێژێنەوەیەک هەوڵێک بێت بۆ شیکردنەوەیەک لە نێوان دوو دیاردەى زمانى لە نێوان دوو زماندا ، دەبیت پاساوێکت هەبێت بۆ ئەو بەرامبەرکردنە ، ئەم توێژینەوەیە بە ناونیشانى (مۆرفیمە ڕێزمانیەکانى کات لە زمانى کوردى وزمانى تورکیدا)یە ، شیکردنەوەیەکە لە مۆرفیمە دەمکاتەکانى نێوان زمانى کوردى و زمانى تورکی ، ئەوەش بەهۆى ئەوەى زمانى تورکى لە پۆلى زمانە نوساوەکانە ، زمانى کوردیش لە پۆلى زمانە تێکچڕژاوەکانە کە لە نێوان پۆلى زمانە دابڕاو و نوساوەکاندایە ، هەرچەندە زمانى کوردى وەکو زمانى تورکى بەشێکى دەچێتە چێوەى زمانە نوساوەکانەوە ، بەڵام بە شێوەیەکى جیاواز لە زمانى تورکى ، بە لایەنى کەم زمانى تورکى بۆ گەیاندنى مەبەستە ڕێزمانیەکانى تەنیا پەنا دەباتە بەرپاشگرەکان ، کەچى زمانى کوردى پەنا دەباتە بەر پاشگر و پێشگرەکان بۆ گەیاندنى ئەو مەبەستە ، لە بەر ئەوەیە خاڵى لێکچوون و جیاوازییان لە نێوانیاندا دەبێت ، بە تایبەتى لە ڕەفتارە سینتاکسیەکانى دەمکاتەکانى کار لە نێوان ئەو دوو زمانەدا ، هەرچەندە هەندێ دەمکات لە زمانى تورکیدا هەیە بە هەمان فۆرم و چێوەڕێژ لە زمانى کوردیدا بەدى ناکرێتWhen we seek to propose a Comparative Study of a linguistic Phenomena between two languages, there must be a logical justification to support that attempt , this is where our attempt lies . The research which entitled (Tense morphemes in Kurdish and Turkish languages), it is an attempt to appear some differences between these two Languages. Turkish language falls within the morphological Classification of Agglutinative language , while Kurdish language falls within the classification of incorporative language , which lies between the categories of agglutinative and isolating languages , which allows us to undertake this attempt. Kurdish language takes some features from the classes of agglutinative language similar to Turkish language , but with some differences that enable us to make this comparison between them , Turkish language to convey its grammatical goals resorts to suffixes with out prefixes , while Kurdish language resorts to both affixes to achieve its grammatical purposes. This researcher is to compare the morphological morphemes of tense in both languages, some morphemes or grammatical tenses. At other times the tenses may be similar in both languages
Awareness and Commitment to Infection Control Principles among Students of the College of Dentistry at Tikrit University, Iraq
No full textMany recent studies have shown that many dentists and dental students are at high risk of infection with several serious pathogens during working or training in dental clinics. These significant infections can be prevented by adhering to general safety precautions and applying infection control rules. This study aimed to assess awareness, attitudes, and practices of infection control techniques among senior dental students. Tikrit University, The questionnaire was contained of 20 questions regarding awareness about infection control practices, barrier techniques. The study revealed that 83.8% respondent students were aware of standard precautions within the health care setting. About 79% had adequate knowledge about hand hygiene, but 67% of responded participants were exposed to hand hygiene training course. Only 66% of students responded that they are committed to hygienic hand washing before and after contact with patients. 40.7% of responders responded that they wear their laboratory coat outside dental clinics, and 51% of female students wear jewelries and/or artificial fingernails during training in dental clinics. Results of this study highpoint the need of persistent education to develop awareness and commitment to infection control principles among students of the College of Dentistry at Tikrit University
Barriers Faced by Pre-service Teacher Trainees in their Practicum Experience
Get PDFThe study aims at highlighting the barriers encountered by 4th year students during teaching training practicum. These barriers faced by pre-service teachers need more investigation, although there are some studies in the literature in this regard. Further information about the benefits and barriers encountered by university students in school teaching practicum, especially in Kurdistan Region of Iraq, is necessary. The barriers that are focused on are related to interpersonal skills or related to teaching skills. While the interpersonal skills include pre-service teachers’ relationships with school principals and schoolteachers, teaching skills may include managing students in terms of language acquisition ability, low level of motivation, classroom activities, insufficiency of adequate materials, assessment, and students’ actions. The study involved 100 4th year students who completed a 30-day teaching training from English Department at Salahaddin University-Erbil during the academic year (2023–2024). They answered a questionnaire after teaching in 36 basic and high schools. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 25). The results indicated that the pre-service teachers encounter various barriers regarding interpersonal and teaching skills. However, they have few interpersonal barriers with schoolteachers and principals during their teaching practicum. This study may confirm existing ideas about teacher practicum and highlight gaps in how well pre-service teachers are prepared. Training can improve support, and schools can enhance mentoring for pre-service teachers prepare better by knowing the barriers before practicum begins
Developing Multiple Paired Comparisons Model for Analysis of Variance Technique: Experimental Test
Get PDFA class of multiple paired comparison models can be developed for taste-testing experiments to evaluate several objects on a seven-point preference scale. This allows for calculating a preference score for each object using the two-way analysis of variance technique (ANOVAT). The primary objective of this research is to distinguish between different types of objects or items by calculating degrees of preference (scores), denoted as S j. These objects, represented by L, are evaluated through paired comparisons. Specifically, we consider six types of potato chips, labeled as A, B, C, D, E, and F. Each pair of chips is presented to two equal groups (2n) of judges or referees, where each group consists of n = 15 individuals. The goal is to determine which object or item is favored over the other. In these comparisons, judges or referees answer the question: Which do you prefer, Object Oj or Object Ok? Their responses are recorded on a seven-point preference scale. The data collected from these paired comparisons are organized using a tabulation method, as demonstrated in Table I. Various statistical methods, including the developed multiple paired comparison model and the two-way ANOVAT, were employed for analysis. The results, summarized in Table IV, indicate that potato chip type B is the most preferred, followed by types D and C, respectively. Type F was found to be the least preferred
Evaluating Power Usage Patterns: A Case Study on Time Series Modeling Forecasting in Erbil City 2015–2024
Get PDFPrecise electricity consumption predictions are essential for efficient energy management, resource allocation, and power system stability, particularly in expanding urban areas like Erbil. Time series models are crucial tools for capturing trends, seasonal variations, and structural shifts in energy use patterns. This study aims to forecast monthly electricity consumption in Erbil for 2025 using the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) approach. Historical monthly electricity consumption data from 2015 to 2024 (120 observations) were analyzed. Preprocessing involved logarithmic transformation to stabilize variance and appropriate differencing to achieve stationarity. Model selection prioritized evaluation criteria such as the Akaike information criterion and mean squared error (MSE). The SARIMA(1,1,1)×(0,1,1)12 model yielded the lowest MSE (0.0487347) and was identified as the optimal model, with statistically significant parameters. The resulting forecasts for 2025 indicate notable seasonality, with predicted monthly averages ranging from 955 MW in January to 916 MW in December. This study provides a validated time series model tailored to Erbil’s consumption dynamics, offering a robust foundation for improved energy demand forecasting and resource planning
Perceptions and Mindset toward Infection Control and Prevention among Medical Microbiology Students
No full textHealth care-associated infections HCAIs are significant public health problems. They can lead to high rate of morbidity and mortality, and raise the cost of health care services, in developed and developing countries. Simple and routine education for health care personnel, including students of medical colleges or departments about the main preventive measures and infection control can help them to enhance their hand-washing practices and adhere to necessary precautions to prevent the spread of infection and reduce incidence of HCAIs. The period of first stages of medical education is the suitable phase and proper time for getting the necessary information and skills about infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and attitude of students of Medical Microbiology Department in Cihan University-Erbil towards the guidelines and main practices of infection prevention and control. The study revealed variable levels of knowledge and awareness about infection control precautions among students, and also showed inadequate practical adherence to some important precautions among a significant percentage of students. To enhance the safety of students and patients, we believe that it is necessary to begin teaching the basic knowledge about infections and the principles of infection prevention and control precautions during the first period of study in the college
A Post-colonial Approach to Displacement and Home in “At the Border” by Choman Hardi (1974) and “Home” by Warsan Shire (1988)
Get PDFThis study examines the themes of displacement and home from post-colonial and psychological perspectives in two poems; “At the Border” by Choman Hardy (1974) and “Home” by Warsan Shire (1988). Both poems illustrate the harrowing experiences of refugees, emphasizing the emotional and psychological ramifications of compelled travel. This research employs a comparative analysis that merges post-colonial theory with psychological insights on trauma and identity, investigating how Hardy and Shire employ literary techniques, narrative voices, and symbolic representations to convey the intricacies of exile, belonging, and selfhood. The results indicate that both poets utilize vivid imagery and fractured structures to depict the dissolution of home and identity within the framework of post-colonial displacement. Hardy’s depiction of borderland pain underscores the political aspects of migration, illustrating the colonial legacy that influences the refugee experience, whereas Shire’s art accentuates the psychological anguish and communal longing for home. The study illustrates how both works contest Western notions of home and identity, providing a critical examination of the lasting psychological effects of colonialism on displaced individuals
The Structure of the Kurdistan Region and the Reflection of Social Cohesion in Digital Media
No full textهەرێمى کوردستان کە پێکهاتە نەتەوەیی و ئایینى دیکەی تێدا دەژى، بەرهەمى شۆڕش و خەبات و هەوڵى دەیان ساڵەى بزافى ڕزگاریخوازى گەلى کوردستانە، بەردەوام ڕووبەڕووى ئاڵنگارییە جۆراوجۆرى ئابووری و سیاسی و ئایینى بەردەوام بۆتەوە، لە ئێستاشدا مانەوەى زۆنى زەرد و سەوز، کە بۆتە هۆى دابەشکارى لەسەر ئاستى کارگێڕى و سیاسى و زمانەوانى...هتد، یەکێکە لەو ئاڵنگارییە بەردەوامەى ڕوبەروى بوارە جیاکانى ژیان بۆتەوە، ئامانجى ئەم توێژینەوەیە تێگەیشتنە لە پەیوەندى نێوان میدیاى دیجیتاڵى و یەکانگیرى کۆمەڵایەتى، هەروەک ئەوە ئاشکرا دەکات، کە چۆن پلاتفۆرمەکانى میدیاى دیجیتاڵى کاریگەرییان لەسەر یەکانگیریی کۆمەڵایەتی لە هەرێمی کوردستان هەیە، بۆ ئەو مەبەستە توێژینەوەکە پشتى بە ئامرازى تێبینى و شیکردنەوەى ناوەڕۆک بە ستووە، لە کۆتاییدا گەیشتۆتە کۆمەڵێک ئەنجام و، دەرکەوت میدیای دیجیتاڵی ڕۆڵێکی بەرچاوى لە داڕشتن و بەهێزکردنى بنەماکانى یەکانگیرى کۆمەڵایەتی، بە هەردوو لایەنى ئەرێنی و نەرێنی لەسەر پێکهاتەکانی هەرێمی کوردستان هەیە، لەلایەک لە ڕێگەی پیشاندانى بەها و مێژوى هاوبەش، هۆشیاری و ناسنامەی کەلتووری بەرزکردۆتەوە، لەلایەکى دیکە و، بەتایبەت لە بوارى سیاسى دابەشبوونی سیاسی و کۆمەڵایەتی گەورەتر کردوە، بە دیاریکراوى لە پەیوەندى نێوان گروپە نەتەوەیی یان سیاسییە جیاوازەکان، هاوکات نەبوونى هۆشیارى یاسایی میدیاکاران سەبارەت بە چۆنیەتى مامەڵەکردن لەگەڵ پایەکانى یەکانگیرى کۆمەڵایەتى یەکێکى دیکەیە لە کێشەکان، کە لە ئەنجامى توێژینەوەکەدا بۆ توێژەر دەرکەوتووە.The Kurdistan Region, characterized by its diverse ethnic and religious communities, emerged from decades of revolution, struggle, and the efforts of the Kurdish people's liberation movement. This study seeks to explore the intricate relationship between digital media and social cohesion, the research further elucidated the influence of digital media platforms on social cohesion within the Kurdistan Region. The study employed content analysis tools to achieve this objective. Ultimately, a series of conclusions were drawn. Social unity manifests a duality of effects within the communities of the Kurdistan Region, encompassing both beneficial and detrimental outcomes. On one side, it has enhanced cultural awareness and identity by highlighting shared values and historical narratives. The study's findings reveal that various ethnic and political groups, coupled with journalists' insufficient legal awareness regarding the fundamental aspects of social cohesion, present significant challenges