Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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Series Solution for Single and System of Non-linear Volterra Integral Equations
No full textIn this paper, Taylor expansion has been used for solving non-linear Volterra integral equations (VIEs) of the second kind. This method allows us to overcome the difficulty caused by integrals and non-linearity; also, it has more precise and rapidly convergent to the exact solution. Two examples are presented for illustrate the performance of this method
Financial Technology and its Role in Achieving Sustainable Development: An Exploratory Study of a Sample of the Employees of the Iraqi Commercial and Trade Banks
No full textهدفت هذه الدراسة بشكل أساسي الى ايضاح دور التكنولوجيا المالية كتجربة مالية حديثة في القطاع المصرفي ودورها في تمكين هذا القطاع من تحقيق تنمية اقتصادية واجتماعية من خلال تمكين مختلف الفئات الاجتماعية من اقتناء الخدمات الالكترونية والاستفادة منها في تلبية حاجاتهم، اذ اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في دراسة الجوانب المجتلفة للتكنولوجيا المالية والتنمية المستدامة واختبار فرضية البحث من خلال عمل استبانة من 22 فقرة وقد تم تحليلها على وفق البرنامج الاحصائي spss فضلا عن قياس صدق وثبات الاستبانة من خلال اختبار درجة المصداقية بمعامل الفا كرومباخ وذلك لغرض اختبار وقياس درجة المصداقية في الاستجابات الواردة عن أ أسئلة الاستبانه، اذ تكمن مشكلة البحث في بيان دور التكنولوجيا المالية في تحقيق عمليات التنمية المستدامة، والتي على أساسها تم قبول الفرضية البديلة وقد توصل البحث الى ان هناك دور كبير للتكنولوجيا المالية في تحقيق جوانب تنموية اقتصادية واجتماعية مختلفة، كما توصل البحث الى جملة من التوصيات أهمها ان استخدام ابتكارات ومميزات التكنولوجيا المالية في تقديم الخدمات المصرفية يساهم بشكل كبير في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصاديةThis study aimed mainly to clarify the role of financial technology as a modern financial experience in th banking sector and its role in enabling this sector to achieve economic and social development by enabling various social groups to acquire electronic services and benefit from them in meeting their needs, as the study relied on the descriptive analytical approach in Study the various aspects of financial technology and sustainable development and test the research hypothesis by doing a questionnaire of 29 items, It was analyzed according to the statistical program (spss) as well as measuring the validity and consistency of the questionnaire by testing the degree of reliability in the alpha Krumbach factor, for the purpose of testing and measuring the degree of credibility (reliability) in the responses to the questionnaire, as the research problem lies in explaining the role of financial technology in achieving sustainable development operations, on the basis of which the alternative hypothesis was accepted and the research has concluded that there is a large role for financial technology in Achieving various aspects of economic and social development. The research also reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which is that the use of innovations and features of financial technology in providing banking services contributes significantly to achieving economic developmen
The Role of Housing Finance Policies in Reducing the Housing Shortage in Erbil 2005-2017
No full textيهدف البحث إلى تحليل كفاءة سياسات التمويل الإسكاني، وآليات ووضع حلول للمشاكل التي تعاني منها مؤسسات الإقراض السكني في مدينة اربيل، واسباب عدم اللعب دور اساسي في تقليل العجز السكني في المدينة. في حين تكمن فرضية البحث في ان السياسات السكنية المتبعة في مدينة اربيل لم تتمكن من تقليل العجز السكني المتراكم بشكل كفوء. وان هناك مجموعة من الأساليب أو الإجراءات القادرة على وضع نظام تمويل إسكاني كفوء يقوم على أساس اشتراك القطاع العام والخاص ليساعد على حل مشكلة التمويل الاسكاني. ومع ذلك، يعاني مدينة اربيل خلال العقود الماضية وحتى الوقت الحاضر من وجود فجوة كبيرة بين الحاجة للوحدات السكنية وما معروض من هذه الوحدات. ويعود السبب في ذلك إلى عدم مقدرة الأسر على تلبية حاجتها من تلك الوحدات، لارتفاع أسعارها بشكل كبير ومحدودية التمويل أو الدعم لتلك الأسر ليساعدها في الحصول على شراء أو بناء وحدة سكنية، وخاصة الأسر محدودة الدخل أو متوسطة الدخل التي تشكل نسبة كبيرة من الأسر في هذة المدينة. إن عدم وجود نظام تمويل كفوء للإسكان وعدم مقدرته على توفير الدعم لتلك الأسر أدى إلى زيادة وتفاقم مشكلة العجز السكني وتراكم الحاجة السكنية للسنوات اللاحقة. وقد تم التوصل الى مجموعة من النتائج من أهمها الاسلوب المتبع في مدينة اربيل هو منح قروض بهدف بناء وحدة سكنية جديدة، حيث تمنح مبلغ من المال لبناء الوحدة السكنية الا انها لا تغطي كافة تكاليف البناء اي ان انخفـاض قيمة القروض السكنية التي تقدمها المؤسسات التمويلية التي لا تتناسـب مع كلفـة إنشاء الوحدة السكنية إذ إن القـرض الحالي لا يغطي سوى %50-%60 من كلفة البناء. وان احد اهم العوامل التي تؤثرعلى نجاح السياسات التمويل الاسكاني هي الاستمرارية على المدى الطويل لكي تحقق اهدافها. ففي مدينة اربيل لم تكن هناك سياسات مستديمة بشكل كامل بل اعتمد على ظروف البلد وامكاناتها في تمويل او توفير الاموال اللازمة، فعدم استمراريته اثرت بشكل واضح على مدى تحقيق اهدافها الاسكانية المخطط لها. وفي النتيجة لم يسـتطع سـوق السـكن في مدينة اربيل خلال المدة 2008- 2013 من تحقيق أكثر من %11 من الحاجة السكنية للمدة نفسهاThe purpose of this research paper is to analyze the efficiency of housing finance policies, mechanisms, and solutions to the problems experienced by the residential lending institutions in Erbil city, besides to find the reasons of not playing a role in reducing the housing deficit in the city. The research hypothesis is that the housing policies in Erbil city have not been able to reduce the accumulated housing deficit efficiently while there are several methods or procedures capable of establishing an efficient housing finance system based on the participation of the public and private sectors to help to solve the problem of housing finance. However, Erbil city has suffered during the past decades from a big gap between the housing demand and the housing supply. So, this is due to the inability of households to meet their needs of these units, because of the high prices and the limited funding or support for these families to help them to buy or build a housing unit, especially low-income or middle-income families, which constitute a large proportion of households in Erbil. The lack of an efficient housing finance system and its inability to provide support to these families has exacerbated the housing deficit problem and the accumulation of housing need for many years.
Further, this research has reached some results, the most important that the method used in Erbil city is granting loans for the construction of a new housing unit, but it does not cover all the costs of construction. The current loan covers only 50-60% of the construction cost. Also, one of the most critical factors affecting the success of housing finance policies is long-term continuity in order to achieve its goals. In Erbil city, there were no completely sustainable policies, but relied on the circumstances of the country and its potential to finance or provide the necessary funds, the lack of continuity has affected the extent to achieve its planned housing goals. As a result, found during the period 2008-2013, the housing market in Erbil could not achieve more than 11% of the housing needs for the same period.
 
The Role of Participatory Management in the Effectiveness of Management Decisions: Analytical Study of Sample Opinions in Cork Telecom
No full textهدف البحث الى تعرف على دور الادارة التشاركية بابعادها الفرعية المتمثلة ب ( بناء فريق العمل ، تفويض السلطة ، تعزيز العلاقات الانسانية ) في فاعلية قرارات الادارية .قدم البحث اطاراَ نظرياً مفاهيمياً للمتغيرات الرئيسية والفرعية جرى اختيار شركة كورك تيلكوم مجالاً لاجراء الجانب اليداني للبحث ، تنبع اهمية البحث من اهمية المواضيع المبحوثة .انتهد البحث منهجياً وصفياً تحليلاً ، وحددت محموعة من الفريضات كإجابات تخمينية عن مشكلة البحث والتي جرى اختبارها بأدوات احصائية متعددة ، من خلال استخدام برنامج الاحصائي SPSS-V.22.واستخدمت الاستبانة كوسيلة للحصول على البيانات، حيث تم توزيعها على عينة من مديري الاقسام والشعب في الشركة وبلغ عددهم (55 ) استمارة ، وتم استرجاع (51 ) استمارة استبانة وكانت جميعها صالحة للتحليل. استنتج البحث وجود علاقة وتاثير لكافة ابعاد الادارة التشاركية في فاعلية القرارات الادارية واوصى البحث بتوظيف هذه العلاقة لخدمة الشركة المبحوثة والاستمرار في المحافظة على المستويات العالية لكل من ابعاد الادارة التشاركية ومؤشرات القرارات الادارية .The aim of the research is to identify the participatory role of the administration with its subdivisions (building the working team, delegating authority, strengthening human relations) in the effectiveness of administrative decisions. The research presented a theoretical and conceptual framework for the main and secondary variables. Korek Telecom was chosen as a field for conducting the research. The importance of the research stems from the importance of the topics examined. The research was systematically and descriptively analyzed, and a set of hypotheses was identified as probative responses to the research problem, which were tested using multiple statistical tools, using the SPSS-V.22 statistical program. The questionnaire was used as a means of obtaining the data. It was distributed to a sample of managers of divisions and divisions in the company. The number of managers was 55, and 51 questionnaires were retrieved and all were valid for analysis. The study concluded that there is a relationship and influence for all dimensions of participatory management in the effectiveness of administrative decisions. The research recommended employing this relationship to serve the investigated company and maintain the high levels of both dimensions of participatory management and administrative decision indicators
Predicting Breast Cancer Survivability: A Comparison of Three Data Mining Methods
No full textthis study concentrates on Predicting Breast Cancer Survivability using data mining, and comparing between three main predictive modeling tools. Precisely, we used three popular data mining methods: two from machine learning (artificial neural network and decision trees) and one from statistics (logistic regression), and aimed to choose the best model through the efficiency of each model and with the most effective variables to these models and the most common important predictor. We defined the three main modeling aims and uses by demonstrating the purpose of the modeling. By using data mining, we can begin to characterize and describe trends and patterns that reside in data and information. The preprocessed data set contents were of 87 variables and the total of the records are 457,389; which became 93 variables and 90308 records for each variable, and these dataset were from the SEER database. We have achieved more than three data mining techniques and we have investigated all the data mining techniques and finally we find the best thing to do is to focus about these data mining techniques which are Artificial Neural Network, Decision Trees and Logistic Regression by using SAS Enterprise Miner 5.2 which is in our view of point is the suitable system to use according to the facilities and the results given to us. Several experiments have been conducted using these algorithms. The achieved prediction implementations are Comparison-based techniques. However, we have found out that the neural network has a much better performance than the other two techniques. Finally, we can say that the model we chose has the highest accuracy which specialists in the breast cancer field can use and depend on
Characterization of Lactobacillus Isolates from Human Mouth and Feces as Probiotics
No full textProbiotics are live microbes that give many health benefits to human beings and animals, the most studied and commonly used probiotics are Gram-positive bacteria; lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. At nowadays, Lactobacillus spp. constitute more than two-thirds of the total numbers of probiotic species. The present study aimed to characterize Lactobacillus that locally isolated from human mouth and feces as probiotics. A total of three Lactobacillus isolates; Lactobacillus fermentum Lb2, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lb9, and Lactobacillus paracasei Lb10 were investigated in respect to acid and bile salts tolerance, antibiotics susceptibility, and cell surface hydrophobicity in vitro using bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons method. In comparison with the other two isolates, the isolate L. fermentum Lb2 was able to grow in all pH values and in the presence of different concentrations of bile salts. Antibiotics susceptibility profile showed that the tested Lactobacillus isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin, while they were resistant to the other antibiotics that used in this study. L. fermentum Lb2 exhibited high surface hydrophobicity (77.26%), while the other tested isolates; L. rhamnosus Lb9 and L. paracasei Lb10 revealed moderate adhesion abilities, 68.56% and 65%, respectively. L. fermentum Lb2 exhibited good probiotic behavior with respect to acid and bile salt tolerance as well as adhesion ability to hydrocarbons
Association of Total Dietary Fats and Its Subtypes with Risk of Breast Cancer
No full textSpecific classes of dietary fatty acids may be important modifiers of breast cancer (B-Ca) risk. Aim of this study was identification risk of subtypes of dietary fat for B-Ca. This case–control study carried out in Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil city. Data collected by interview questionnaire and included demographic and reproductive properties; anthropometric measurements; and medical history. Dietary data collected by food frequency questionnaire. They were analyzed by program for Mosby’s Nutritrac Nutrition Analysis Software, for calculation intake of dietary; fiber, total fat, and its subtypes, energy intake, acceptable macronutrient distribution range, and antioxidant nutrients. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS program. Polyunsaturated fats decreased risk of B-Ca while saturated and monounsaturated fats (Cis form) increased risk among all and postmenopause obese women, respectively. Risk of cancer increased significantly in high percentage of energy intake from monounsaturated fats, cooking oil, and dietary red meats. The study concluded that total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decrease risk of B-Ca among obese menopause woman. Increase risk of B-Ca by cooking oils and animal origin diet may due to increased intake of saturated monounsaturated and specific PUFA. These subtypes of dietary fats may promote hormones imbalance and inflammation
The Impact of Human Resources on the Banking Sector Performance in Syria
No full textThis research deals with the relationship between some of the general characteristics of human resources in the Syrian banking sector, such as the level of education, training and experience, and the operational financial efficiency of this sector. The data for the human resources is collected from the employees of several private banks in Syria, then testing the relationship with the financial data derived from the annual financial statements published by those banks for year 2019, the same year of data collection. This study is the cornerstone of complementary studies, which is more specialized in the field of human resources and financial performance. The study concluded that there is no effect of the human resources efficiency on financial performance for year 2019, which raises the urgent need of conducting similar research for a range of years and more comprehensive study on the factors that effect financial performance whether in the Syrian market or other markets as a part of behavior analysis on financial market
Detection and Evaluation of Effective of Digital Communication of Drug on Human Body
No full textNowadays, there is a wide using of mobile and internet from various ages, due to some bad systems which they work to send signals(sound wave frequency) within the music or will be spread to affect the brain of the humankind. Therefore, this paper expresses thedetection and evaluation of (the signal of sound frequency) which influence the human brain, it has been measured some frequency byprogramming in the mobile and found a trend to detect such frequencies and a way to produce a human being from it
Effect of Drinking Water Hardness on Kidney Stones Formation in Ranya District
No full textThis study was conducted in Rania District, Raparin University, during September 2018–March 2019, to test the relation between water hardness and kidney stone formation. The investigation depended on questionnaire form which was distributed on 100 person in Raparin (Rania, Hajiawa, and Chwarqurna) and patients whom vested the Rania clinical during December 1, 2018–January 22, 2019 which were 238 patients and only 20 of them had kidney stones developing which represent 8.4% of the total kidney diseases. The results indicated to significant effect of gender at level of significant 5% on kidney stones formation, 10% of male, and 18% of female having kidney stones. The results of Chi-square test indicated to highly significant effect of age on kidney stone formation at level of significant (0.001). The kidney stone formation increased from 19.23% to 75% with an increase in age class from (14–34) to (54 or more) year. The negative correlation coefficient value of (r = −0.63*) was recorded between water hardness and stone risk index due to the high magnesium content of drinking water in the studied area