Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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The Estimation of (Covid-19) Cases in Kurdistan Region Using Nelson Aalen Estimator
No full textIt is described how the Nelson–Aalen estimator may be used to control the rate of a nonparametric estimate of the cumulative hazard rate function based on right censored as well as left condensed survival data, furthermore how the Nelson–Aalen estimator can be utilized to estimate various amounts. This technique is mostly applied to survival data and product quality data similar to the incorporated relative mortality in a multiplicative model with outer rates and the cumulative infection rate in a straightforward epidemic model. It is shown that tallying measures produce a structure that permits to a brought together treatment of all these different conditions, and the main little and massive sample properties of the assessor are summarized. This estimator is a weighted average of the Nelson-Aalen reliability estimates over two time periods. The suggested estimator's suitability and utility in model selection are reviewed. And a real-world dataset is evaluated to demonstrate the proposed estimator's suitability and utility. This work proposes a simple and nearly unbiased estimator to fill this gap. The information was gathered from the Ministry of Health's website between October 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021. The results of the Nelson Allen Estimator demonstrated that the odds of surviving were higher during a short period of time after being exposed to the virus. As time passes, the possibilities become slimmer. The closer the estimate comes to value 1 from 0.5 upward, the greater the chances of surviving the infection
A Comparison between Brown’s and Holt’s Double Exponential Smoothing for Forecasting Applied Generation Electrical Energies in Kurdistan Region
No full textThe process of producing electricity from sources of energy is known as electricity production. Electric also isn't freely accessible in environment, thus it should be "manufactured" (i.e., converting another kinds of energy to electrical energy) by utilities with in electricity industry (transportation, distributing, and so on).Moreover, the objective of this study is to compared of Brown’s as well as Holt’s Double Exponential Smoothing also build a best forecasting time series model among two smoothing model forecasting, as well as focuses on optimizing characteristics to use the golden section technique. This exponential smoothing approach has been one of the time series forecasting methods that would be used to forecast (Generation Electrical) with in Kurdistan area. The issue that arises with this technique is determining the appropriate parameters to reduce predict inaccuracy. In addition, Data used in this paper are (Generation Electrical) in Kurdistan region for (132) months from 2010 to 2020. The study revealed that such data is trending modeled, indicating that a double exponential smoothing (DES) approach from Brown & Holt can be used with the (Stratigraphic & Minitab) software. There are the same results but the Result of analysis more depend on the R-program. The difference among the forecast findings acquired with optimum parameters as well as the assaying data was utilized to assess the feasibility of the forecast by completing normality and randomness tests. Ultimately, the outcomes of parameterization show that the optimal value of α that in DES Brown is (0.22) as well as the optimal MAPE is 9.23616 percent, whereas in DES Holt the optimal is (0.95) as well as the optimal β is (0.05) via the optimal MAPE of 8.08586 percent. This MAPE of a DES Brown technique is greater than the MAPE of a DES Holt approach. Feasibility experiments revealed that both approaches are capable of predicting. Depending on the value of MAPE as well as evaluation process, DES Holt's was recognized as the main prediction model
Implementing Analysis of Ordinal Regression Model on Student’s Feedback Response
No full textInstruction is a multidimensional procedure including a quantity of features, e.g., tutor qualities, that occasionally are hard to assess. In certain points, education efficiency, that is a part of instructing, is affected by a combination of teacher features for example, capacity and clarity to encourage the students to make them study of his subjects, capacity to establish the lesson also with trainings and lectures. These aspects are not only attributable to motivate students, but also age, gender, prior experiences, As more and more the effectiveness of teaching is becoming even more significant in school evaluation system, it is, indeed, essential to discover how to assess it and find the significant related factors for giving the best rank of feedback to their tutors. This paper focuses the assessment of teaching effectiveness forum from students’ perspective “Feedback”, examine the questionnaires provided to the students of Cihan University at the end of their courses and discover the most effected teacher’s characteristics. The outcome variable (Student’s Feedback) was recorded on well-ordered, five-point scale of Likert provided by the students, to a set of independent variables to teacher level. The major techniques elaborated in the model fitting for ordinal regression were stating which independent variables are most likely to be kept in the model and selecting the link function such as, (logit link, complementary log-log link, negative log-log link and probit link) which verified the model suitability. Further to that, several statistical diagnoses have conducted like the model fitting, classification accuracy and the validity assumptions of the model, which is parallel lines, were fundamentally calculated in choosing the best fitted model. The dataset implemented in the analysis entails of almost (21566) respondents to the formed questionnaire in relation to courses of Cihan University for the 2018 – 2019 academic year
The Fair Value Measurement Challenges Faced by the External Auditor: Kurdistan Region -Iraq
No full textThis study aimed to identify the most important challenges facing auditors when measuring fair value FVMs from three axes, namely identifying which challenges are most influencing auditors to direct attention towards them, and revealing the extent to which the inherent auditing risks are affected by fair value evaluation estimates. The third axis of this study raises discussions about the reliability of audit evidence relating to fair value and assures that disclosed and recognized fair values are guiding values. The field study was applied to a sample of external auditors in the West Bank, where the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach in the field side and used the inductive approach to test the study hypotheses. The study found a set of results; the most important challenge facing the auditor in auditing fair value estimates is the lack of access to recent amendments to the international auditing standards for fair value accounting estimates. The study results also confirmed the impact of auditing risks with fair value estimates and measuring them at higher rates in many cases, including (the absence of active markets, the presence of significant misstatements, and the difference in the basis for measuring fair value)
Supporting Sustainable Development Processes and Measuring the Impact of Financial Inclusion on Them
No full textسعت هذه الدراسة إلى توضيح الأهمية الحيوية للشمول المالي في الممارسات المصرفية الحديثة القائمة على ثلاثة محاور رئيسية: تقديم الخدمات المصرفية ، وتوفيرها لمجموعات مجتمعية متنوعة. من خلال القيام بذلك ، وجدت الدراسة أن البن العراقية يمكن أن تساعد في تعزيز عمليات التنمية المستدامة من خلال تقديم وتقديم خدمات مصرفية عالية الجودة لمختلف الفئات المجتمعية. تسعى البنوك في العراق ، بدافع الشمول المالي ، إلى تقديم أفضل الخدمات المصرفية ، لأن الوعي المتزايد لفئات المجتمع يعزز مفهوم الشمول المالي الذي يدعم تنمية البلاد من خلال تمكين ودعم المشاريع الصغيرة التي تبني النظام الاقتصادي. تتضمن التنمية المالية والمستدامة بالإضافة إلى اختبار فرضية البحث إنتاج استبيان مكون من 20 بندًا واستخدام البرنامج الإحصائي (STATA) لتقييم صدقه وموثوقيته. يتم أيضًا اختبار صحة وموثوقية الاستبيان من خلال اختبار وقياس معامل لغرض اختبار وقياس درجة المصداقية. وخلص البحث إلى أن استراتيجية الشمول المالي لها دور في تحقيق عمليات التنمية المستدامة التي تم على أساسها دعم الفرضية البديلة. من بين التوصيات ، الأهم هو أن الزيادة الكبيرة في فهم الفئات الاجتماعية للقطاع المصرفي ستساعد في تحقيق الشمول المالي ، الذي لديه القدرة على تحسين حياة الناس بطريقة مستدامة.In this study, the researchers wanted to make sure that current banking practices have the ability to include financial inclusion on three key axes: delivering banking services, and offering services to various community groups. In order to find out whether or not Iraqi banks are capable of promoting sustainable development processes, the researchers discovered that banks may assist by supplying and providing high-quality financial services to diverse socioeconomic groups. When it comes to banking in Iraq, the desire to help the unbanked is behind the push to provide the best services, because the increased recognition of specific groups of people encourages the concept of financial inclusion that contributes to the country's development by facilitating and supporting small-scale projects that build the country's economic system. Furthermore, a 20-item questionnaire and the utilization of the statistical program (STATA) are utilized to assess the validity and reliability of the research hypothesis. For the purposes of testing and evaluating the degree of dependability, the questionnaire's validity and reliability are also checked with a parameter test and measurement. Based on this research, we found that the financial inclusion approach has a positive impact on long-term development processes. One of the most essential recommendations is that a greater understanding of social groups in the banking sector would assist ensure the lasting success of financial inclusion
Improving Coronavirus Disease Tracking in Malaysian Health System
No full textThis paper proposes Covid-19 Tracing System (CTS) acts as a portal for the health center to update and track their patients' contacts and collect data for further analysis. All of the content is handpicked, filtered, and selected to the best of our ability by assigned individuals (mostly medical staff) to ensure that sources are credible and free of hoaxes for the public's benefit. This application likewise means to assemble information for the top to the bottom investigation (for example, time arrangement to screen the development, in-house patients) and synchronization with a contact following application, for instance, MySejahtera that was created and set up by the Malaysian government and utilized from one side of the country to the other. For simplicity of clients' understanding using Graphic visualizations and dashboards are incorporated
Immunohistochemical and Molecular Studies of p53 and KRAS Protein and Their Relations to Colorectal Carcinoma
No full textThe study inc1uded 50 tissue blocks embedded in paraffin wax (16 females and 34 males), obtained from a patients group with (CRC) colorectal cancer , as well as 35 Tissue blocks that were embedded in paraffin wax from norma1 co1on (ulcerative co1itis) as controls. A relatively few oncogenes and most prominently tumor-suppressing genes, Kirastien rat sarcoma virus (KRAS), and P53 genes have been mutated into a significant part of CRCs, and a broad collection of mutated genes has been defined in CRC subsets. Current findings showed very significant differences between patients and control subjects in the p53 positive rate (P<0.001). TP53 Pro/Pro genotype positivity was higher in the contro1 group I than in the patient group I and this was a significant difference (Pi<0.001) with an odd ratio of less than one. The genotype Pro/Pro was considered to be protective against colorectal carcinoma preventively fractured 0.767. The positive rate of p53 Arg/Arg genotype in patients was more frequent and statistically significant (P <0.01), because the odd ratio was more than one. The genotype Arg/Arg would be considered a colorectal carcinoma risk factor. We conclude that p53 over expression is used as an indicator of p53 mutation (as identified by immuno-historic chemistry) and KRAS protein expression was negatively impaired for all the patients in the current study
Automatic Classification of Covid-19 Chest X-Ray Images Using Local Binary Pattern and Binary Particle Swarm Optimization for Feature Selection
No full textNovel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a type of pandemic viruses that cause respiratory tract infection in humans. The clinical imaging of Chest X-Ray (CXR) by Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) plays an important role to identify the patients who infected by COVID-19. The objective of this paper presents a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) method for automatically classify 110 frontal CXR images of contagious people according to Normal and COVID-19 infection. The proposed method contains of four phases: image enhancement, feature extraction, feature selection and classification. Gaussian filter is performed to de-noise the images and Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) for image enhancement in pre-processing step for better decision-making process. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features set are extracted from the dataset. Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) is considered to select the clinically relevant features and developing the robust model. The successive features are fed to Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifiers. The experimental results show that the system robustness in classification COVID-19 from Normal images with average accuracy 94.6%, sensitivity 96.2% and specificity 93%
Exploring Investigation of the Impact of Studying Statistics at Enhancing Mathematical Skills during Years of Faculty
No full textSubject of statistics has always known as field related to mathematics and because statistics is commonly taught in schools as part of the mathematics curriculum, it is regarded as a mathematical. In Salahaddin University, entering to department of statistics is limited to students who graduated from science department at high school. Thus, we anticipating students with good knowledge in mathematical level. Students from all stages of the department were encouraged to participate in the exam and their scores were recorded. The objective of this study are to explore whether there is substantial difference between male and female as well as to discover whether the more higher stages enhance their mathematical level of knowledge. Normality test was done on the dataset and if failed to meet it, non-parametric test such as Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test at significant level 0.05
Solution of Multi-order Fractional Differential Equation Based on Conformable Derivative by Shifted Legendre Polynomial
No full textThe aim of this article is the way for finding approximation solution of multi-order fractional differential equation with conformable sense with use approximated function by shifted Legendre polynomial, the method is easy and powerful for get our results of the linear and non-linear equation, the background idea behind this method is finding system of algebra after achieving messing variable is that mean obtain approximate solution, a few examples illustrates for presented how much our method is capable