Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
Not a member yet
439 research outputs found
Sort by
The Role of Leadership Style on Employee Voice Behavior and Satisfaction: The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy
Get PDFThis research examined a model linking leadership style to employee voice behavior, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction. Data from 125 employees in the selected ministries and agencies in Kwara State were analyzed using partial least square-structural equation modeling. Results demonstrated that empowering leadership style positively predicted employee voice. In turn, increased voice opportunities reinforced employee self-efficacy tied to enactive mastery experiences. Employees who had input opportunities gained confidence in their capabilities. Finally, elevated self-efficacy perceptions mediated a positive relationship between employee voice and job satisfaction, conveying perceived control and competence. Findings suggest that a supportive leadership foundation transforms an upward spiral wherein involvement shapes affirming self-perceptions, fuelling workplace satisfaction. This study quantifies mediating mechanisms flowing from leadership style through voice participation and efficacy in ultimately predicting work satisfaction essential forpublic sector human capital development and accountability
Capability Process to Optimize Specification by Impact of Wavelet Analysis
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of wavelet analysis on optimizing specification in the capability process. A new approach called the New Hybrid Capability Wavelet Approach (NHCWA) is proposed, which utilizes wavelet analysis to filter noise and outliers in the data. The study compares the NHCWA with the classical capability process using a dataset from a cake factory. The Coiflet 4 wavelet family and soft thresholding are employed to denoise the data. The results demonstrate that the NHCWA significantly improves the capability indices, achieving a 50% increase in Cp and a 30% increase in Cpk compared to the classical approach. Additionally, the NHCWA reduces the standard deviation of the process by 20%. These findings highlight the potential of wavelet analysis in enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of capability analysis, leading to improved quality control in manufacturing processes
The Impact of AI-Enhanced Digital Marketing Strategies on Consumers’ Purchase Intention for Lifestyle Products
Get PDFThe impact of Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered digital marketing practices on consumer purchase intention toward lifestyle goods is the focus of this research and aims at analyzing the mediating role of consumer motivation (CM) in the relationship between consumer attitude (CA) and purchase behavior (PB) toward lifestyle products. The study uses descriptive research design to understand CA, motivation, and PB. The study is based on 577 responses collected from Uttar Pradesh state (India). Structural equation modeling was carried out with the help of SmartPLS. Evidence shows a robust relationship between consumers’ attitude, motivation and PB, and an optimistic outlook on AI-driven marketing campaigns is likely to inspire more action, given the robust positive correlation between customer attitude and motivation. The study also emphasizes the importance of CM as a mediator in the relationship between CA and PB. It emphasizes the strategic tools for improving PB in the dynamic digital marketing landscape, which include cultivating a positive CA. The study contributes to the theory by highlighting CM as a critical mediator linking CA s to PB for lifestyle products, advancing understanding of the attitude-behavior relationship in consumer behavior models. Managerially, it underscores the importance of designing marketing strategies that enhance CM, such as personalized engagement, value-driven messaging, and emotional appeal. By fostering motivation, brands can effectively translate positive attitudes into stronger PB, driving sales and long-term consumer loyalty in the lifestyle segment. 
Bridging AI Marketing and Customer Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Perceived Value
No full textThis study investigates the influence of AI-driven marketing practices on customer loyalty, with a particular focus on perceived value as a mediating variable. By leveraging advanced AI technologies such as personalized recommendations, predictive analytics, and dynamic customer engagement strategies, businesses aim to enhance customer experiences and foster long-term loyalty. A total sample of 499 respondents was selected using a non-probability convenience sampling method due to accessibility and resource considerations. The hypotheses were tested utilizing SmartPLS statistical tool. The study identifies key dimensions of AI marketing that effectively create perceived value and examines their direct and indirect effects on customer loyalty. The result shows AI marketing influence customer loyalty. Also, customer perceived value influence loyalty. Finally, perceived value mediates the relation between AI marketing and customer loyalty. The findings offer actionable insights for businesses seeking to optimize their AI marketing strategies to strengthen customer relationships and sustain competitive advantage
The Relationship between Marginal Utility, Productivity and Profitability in Service Organizations
No full textتبحث هذه الدراسة في العلاقات بين المنفعة الحدية والربحية وإنتاجية الخدمة في الجامعات الخاصة العراقية. وقد استطلعت الدراسة آراء 400 محاضر في الجامعات الخاصة في أربيل، كردستان العراق. وتم تطبيق نموذج المعادلات الهيكلية لتحليل البيانات واختبار الفرضيات. وتؤكد النتائج أن المنفعة الحدية تعزز إنتاجية الخدمة، ولكنها قد تقلل من الربحية، مما يسلط الضوء على مقايضة محتملة. ومع ذلك، تعمل الربحية على تحسين إنتاجية الخدمة بشكل كبير وتتوسط العلاقة بين المنفعة الحدية ونتائج الخدمة. ولهذه النتائج آثار عملية على مسؤولي الجامعات، حيث تؤكد على الحاجة إلى تحقيق التوازن بين تحسين الموارد والاستدامة المالية. كما تقدم الدراسة مساهمات نظرية من خلال تحدي الافتراضات التقليدية حول تأثير المنفعة الحدية على الربحية، مما يشير إلى أن البحوث المستقبلية يجب أن تستكشف نماذج أكثر دقة لتخصيص الموارد والإدارة المالية في مؤسسات التعليم العالي. وتشمل القيود تركيز الدراسة على الجامعات الخاصة العراقية والنطاق القصير الأجل للتحليل. وينبغي للبحوث المستقبلية أن تأخذ في الاعتبار السياقات الأوسع والتأثيرات الأطول أمداً لتعميق الفهم في هذا المجالThis research investigates the relationships among marginal utility, profitability, and service productivity in the context of private universities in Iraq. Data were collected from 400 lecturers in Erbil, within the Kurdistan Region, and analyzed through structural equation modeling to evaluate the study’s hypotheses. Results reveal that while marginal utility can improve service productivity, it may come at the expense of profitability highlighting a potential trade-off. In contrast, profitability has a direct positive impact on service productivity and acts as a mediator in the link between marginal utility and service performance. These findings provide practical insights for university leaders, emphasizing the need to strike a balance between efficient resource use and financial viability. The study also advances theoretical understanding by questioning conventional assumptions about the marginal utility–profitability relationship, calling for more nuanced models in higher education resource and financial planning. Limitations include the narrow focus on Iraqi private universities and a short-term analysis; future research should broaden the scope and explore long-term implications
Ethical Abortion among Pregnant Women Attending Abortion Decision-making Committee in Erbil Maternity Teaching Hospital
No full textIn the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, abortion is legally permitted only to save a woman’s life, requiring approval from a medical committee and spousal consent. This restrictive framework raises public health concerns by pushing women toward unsafe alternatives. The aim of this study is to characterize women applying for legal abortion in Erbil, identify determinants of committee decisions, and document pregnancy outcomes. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 pregnant women who applied to the Ethical Abortion Committee at Erbil Maternity Teaching Hospital (September 2024–August 2025). Data from interviews and records were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. The results show the committee approved 121 (60.5%) of 200 requests. Decisions were significantly influenced by the indication for termination (P < 0.001). Requests for severe fetal anomalies were frequently approved, whereas requests citing maternal health conditions – the sole legal ground for abortion had a low approval rate (36.6%). Consequently, 116 pregnancies (58.0%) were terminated. Second-trimester requests were significantly more likely to be approved and terminated than first-trimester requests (P < 0.001), reflecting a system driven by the timing of anomaly detection. Under the KRG’s restrictive law, the committee pragmatically expanded its remit to approve terminations for lethal fetal anomalies while being overly cautious in applying the explicit maternal life exception. With nearly 40% of applicants refused care, the findings highlight an urgent need for policy reform, including clearer clinical guidelines for maternal health indications. This study contributes empirical evidence to global debates on the application of abortion law, ethics, and practice in restrictive settings
The Use of the Results of Facial Recognition Technology as an Operational Investigative Activity in Contemporary Criminal Proceedings: A Comparative Critical Analysis of the Iraqi Cybercrime Project
No full text بصمة الوجه الرقمية في علم الاجرام الخوارزمي تعد دليلا رقميا مفرزا من الثورة الصناعية الرابعة واستخدام خوارزميات الذكاء الاصطناعي للتعرف الى الوجه رقميا، بالاستعانة بكاميرات الرصد والمراقبة والتقنيات الحديثة الاخرى. فمن بين تفاصيل التي يتضمنها هذه البصمة، ملامح الوجه (الاذنين والفم والشفتين والعينين والذقن والوجنتين)، وهذه الملامح بدورها منفصلا تعد هي الاخرى من الادلة العلمية التقليدية في الاثبات الجنائي. من المعلوم، بانه حاليا يتم استخدام هذه التقنية في مختلف المجالات، للتحقق من شخصية الفرد (الهوية الشخصية) في مراكز التفتيش في المطارات ونقاط الحدود وماكينات الصرف الالي. وتتمثل اشكالية الدراسة في استخدام التقنية المذكورة كنتيجة لنشاط تحقيقي عملي في الاجراءات الجنائية المعاصرة، وبالتحديد في الاثبات الجنائي. ومن ثم ابراز قيمتها الثبوتية في الاجراءات الجنائية المعاصرة، بالاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي. وتهدف الدراسة الى معرفة تقنية بصمة الوجه الرقمية من منظورها القانوني، ومن ثم بيان اهمية استخدام نتائج هذه التقنية كنشاط تحقيقي عملي في هذه الاجراءات الجنائية المعاصرة، مستعرضا حجية الاراء المؤيدة والاراء المعارضة لاستخدام نتائج هذا النشاط. وفي الخاتمة، توصلت الدراسة الا ان لبصمة الوجه الرقمية دور بارز في مجال الاثبات الجنائي، بالاضافة الى دورها الوقائي (التنبؤي) في مكافحة الجريمة في مجال الضبط الاداري. كما وتوصي الدراسة على انه يجب ان يكون غاية ووسيلة استخدام نتائج بصمة الوجه الرقمية مشروعة وتم أخذها في مكان عام، مراعيا حق الفرد في الخصوصية الشخصية وحرمة الحياة الخاصة، كما وتوصلت الدراسة الى اهمية التثقيف الرقمي لرجال الضبط القضائي والتحقيق (رجال انفاذ القانون) وتلقينهم تقنيا عن طريق عقد دورات تقنية-قانونية متخصصة من قبل المختصين في مجال العلم القانوني البيني (اي مابين علم القانون وعلم التكنولوجيا الرقمية). Facial recognition technology (FRT), an application of artificial intelligence algorithms using surveillance cameras and contemporary technology, functions as digital evidence in algorithmic criminology. FRT captures facial characteristics such as ears, mouth, eyes, chin, and cheeks, which are then treated as conventional scientific evidence in criminal investigations. Its current applications include identity verification at border crossings, airports, and ATMs. The study examines FRT's problematic application in contemporary criminal proceedings, particularly in criminal evidence, using descriptive and analytical approaches to highlight its relevance. The research aims to legally understand FRT and demonstrate its importance as an operational investigative activity in modern criminal proceedings, reviewing arguments for and against its use. The study found FRT plays a significant role in criminal evidence and has a preventive function in administrative control. Recommendations include ensuring the legitimacy of FRT's purpose and methods, usage in public spaces, and consideration of individual privacy rights. Furthermore, the study stresses the necessity of digital and technical training for judicial and investigative officers through specialized courses bridging legal science and digital technology. The study recommends amending the Iraqi draft cybercrime law to include safeguards protecting individuals' privacy. It asserts that facial recognition technology in investigations must align with constitutional guarantees overseen by public prosecution and judicial supervision
Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Hot Climates via Wall and Roof Insulation Techniques
No full textIn last two decades, energy consumption worldwide has increased by more than 30%. The limited thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials is currently receiving significant attention in hot-weather countries where temperatures reach high levels. This leads to a significant decrease in the demand for energy in HVAC systems and reduces the negative effects on the environment. The purpose of current study is to define the optimum construction techniques for buildings to enable energy savings while occupying minimal space. This research dedicated on the role of wall and roof materials in the energy efficiency of a building by exploring different options, including variations in materials and construction methods. The study employed mathematical calculations to determine the U-value of wall and roof insulating materials. The results indicated that cavity walls with insulation material and cavity roofs with an air gap and insulation material are optimal solutions for improving energy efficiency in buildings. This study recommended considering long-term energy savings to substantiate the effectiveness of these materials in conserving energy for buildings
Microbial and Heavy Metal Contamination Assessment in Restaurant Foods: A Quality Assurance Study from Erbil City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
No full textDuring this study, six different restaurants located in Erbil city were categorized, and a total of 96 samples were collected from them. Samples were gathered, and microbial and chemical tests were performed to evaluate fungal contamination and the presence of lead and cadmium as heavy metals. Final results indicated widespread microbial contamination across all food types tested. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were among the most frequently isolated bacteria, detected in over 70% of samples. Fungal contaminants, including Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Candida species, were also commonly found, with contamination rates exceeding 50% in specific food categories. Heavy metal analysis revealed high levels of lead and cadmium in staple foods. Rice samples from some restaurants contained lead concentrations up to 1.56 ppm and cadmium up to 1.75 ppm, both exceeding international safety limits. Meat-based dishes also showed elevated cadmium levels reaching 1.52 ppm, while salads consistently tested below detectable limits. These findings underscore the urgent need for stricter hygiene protocols, routine screening for microbial and heavy metal contaminants, and targeted training for food handlers to reduce contamination and protect public health
Strategic Planning in the Age of Mobile Food Delivery Apps: A Roadmap for Success
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the effect of strategic planning on businesses' performance in the context of companies that use mobile food delivery apps in Erbil. The research observes how the various components of strategic planning (mission and vision, internal and external factor analysis, implementation, controlling and evaluation strategy) relate with the performance of companies that use mobile food delivery platforms. A survey questionnaire was distributed among 95 managers and team supervisors of (Lezzoo, Talabat, Talabatey, and TipTop) and 72 valid responses were obtained (75.78% response rate). Data were analysed with SPSS (version 26) using descriptive analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. These results indicate a positive and significant association between strategic planning variables and business performance, thus confirming the four hypotheses