Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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Determination of Elements in Indigenous Vegetables Using ICP-MS
No full textHeavy metal concentrations were determined in indigenous vegetables collected in Erbil city-Kurdistan region of Iraq. ICP-MS was applied to determine total concentrations of Al, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se and Zn in Malva parviflora, Gundelia tournefortii, Arum spp, Spinacia oleracea, Mentha longifolia, Beta vulgaris subsp, Apium graveolens, Lepidium sativum L, Allium Kurrat. Schweinf and Allium fistulosum after acid digestion of the samples with the aid of microwave using nitric acid/ hydrogen peroxide. The contents of heavy metals in vegetable samples varied between 40-451 for Al, 0.04-0.96 for Co, 53-247 for Fe, 3.37-11.58 for Mn, 0.26-5.53 for Ni, 0.09-0.98 for Se and 1.58-4.41 for Zn on the basis of dry weight. The methodology was validated by certified reference material (CRM) GBW10015-spinach and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. The levels of Al, Mn and Ni in some investigated vegetables are higher than the permissible limits for human consumption
Design of RF Frontend Unit to Avoid Intermodulation Using Arduino Uno
No full textDesigning a Radio Frequency (RF) front end is vastly realized for determining the level of integration that is required in the signal chain inside the receivers to be idealistic. The receivers is susceptible to harmful intermodulation due to nonlinear RF front ends. In this paper, intermodulation distortion is avoided by a selective prototype hardware design of RF fort end which is connected with the Arduino Uno for controlling the power levels. The measurements are tested out as a result of injecting a signals within x-band frequencies and chosen different power levels are assumed. These measurements is revealed an accepted results for the intermodulation avoidance
A Microbiological Survey of Ear Infections in Inhabitants of Erbil City
No full textthis study was carried out to indicate the number of infected individuals with ear infection from different genders and ages determine the antibiotic sociability for the ear swab bacterial isolates. A total of 82 ear swabs were obtained in Erbil City from various hospitals and labs. Males made up 48 (59%) of the 81 samples, while females made up 33 (41%). 0-10 years had the most bacteria isolated from ear swabs, followed by 11-20 years and then 21-40 years. Pseudomonas spp. were the most prevalent bacteria found in all of the swabs (43 percent). Pathogenic bacteria were found in 70% of the samples, while no growth was seen in 30% of the swabs. Many bacterial isolates were found to be sensitive to the antibiotic Amikacin, which was determined to have the best effect on 35 of them. Clotrimazole was shown to be the least effective antibiotic on numerous bacterial strains, with 19 being resistant
Different Concentrations of Honey's Antimicrobial Activity Against Staphylococcus Aureus by HPLC Determination
No full textHoney has been used in ancient times as a treatment. It is used for healing wounds and also can be used as antiseptic to kill bacteria and other microorganisms. The aim of this study was to examine the activity of honey as a bactericidal and bacteriostatic and to measure the most active compounds of honey with highly bacterial inhibition zone using HPLC technique. In this experiment and the honey was used to check whether the honey can be used as an antimicrobial agent or not. First by well diffusion method is done by adding different concentrations of honey (25, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, microliter). Th results showed a little inhibition zone for the three types of honey but in different size for each type. The industrial honey showed the largest effect. Different concentrations were used (10 %, 30 % 50%). The antibiotic sensitivity was applied, the result showed only two resistant antibiotics (Azithromycin and Erythromycin). The concentration of Catalase, Amylase, Invertase, Glucose oxidase in honey tested by HPLC and showed the concentration of each substance cons of catalase = (32877 ÷ 170253 ) x 20 = 3.862 u/ml; cons of amylase = (136985 ÷ 180849) x 20 = 15.149 u/ml; cons of Invertase = (58466 ÷ 193624) x 20 = 6.039 u/ml; cons of glucose peroxide = (105204 ÷ 163245) x 20 =12.889 u/ml. Moreover, the presence of gluconic acid ‘Organic acid’ gives the honey its acidic characteristic which is about 3.2 pH
The Impact of Academic Satisfaction as a Mediator on International Conferences
No full textScientists have lately discovered that the quality of services has a significant influence on academic satisfaction and academic loyalty. Universities in Erbil are competing attract academics by conducting international conferences. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the service quality in international conferences. A statistical analysis was provided based on data collected from 150 responses from academics at Cihan University-Erbil and other universities in the region. A structured questionnaire was conducted by the respondents in order to analyze their general expectations on conference services and the actual service performance they perceived with the conference. The study also assessed the impact of respondents’ past experiences on their expectations. The findings of this study show that we have positive effect between the total effect of (SQ) the independent variable on (CI) the dependent variable is highly significant with (t = 6.02, p< 0.05), also the effect of the mediator variable (AS) was significant with (t = 7.01, p< 0.05), and finally both the independent variable and the mediator variable (SQ) and (AS) have a significant effect on the dependent variable (CI). We found that the meditation effect was partial but not complete effect
How Language Creates Bonds among Cross-Cultural Communities
No full textThe objective of this thesis is to evaluate how the use of language creates bonds among cross-cultural communities. Language is an important aspect of human relationships because it is the primary way of communication. The use of language becomes more vital and intricate in cross-cultural communities due to the fact that language reflects culture. Another objective that will be evaluated is the challenges faced when using different languages in cross-cultural communities and how these barriers impact the bond created in cross-cultural communities. The significance of language in cross-cultural communities is becoming a more prominent topic in development literature and social studies on a global scale. The operational principles and mindset of a community are developed and expressed in their methods of thinking, behaving, and engaging with the outside world through language and culture. Language has an essential role in integrating economic, political, and social changes, as well as other developing towns, which are intertwined with the cultures of these communities. The concepts of cross-cultural communities are built on the interconnections of various cultural and environmental elements. Secondary data were used to gather information for the topic of interest in this thesis and content analysis was used to examine the data gathered. The preservation of indigenous languages is vital to many people today because it protects their cultural heritage, just as language has always been a significant force in communities as a means of preserving one's own culture or controlling other people groups
Interrogating Governance Challenges and Cadre Deployment in South Africa
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رسم الوزير السابق للحكم التعاوني والشؤون التقليدية ، الدكتور زويلي مخيزي ، صورة قاتمة عن حالة الحكومة المحلية. وذكر الوزير أن 87 بلدية - حوالي ثلث إجمالي جنوب إفريقيا البالغ 257 - ما زالت مختلة أو تعاني من الضائقة. كان سبب هذا الخلل الوظيفي هو سوء الإدارة بسبب عدم الاستقرار السياسي أو التدخل والفساد وعدم الكفاءة. ويؤدي ذلك بعد ذلك إلى ضعف تقديم الخدمات ، وبالتالي إطالة فترات التخلف وضعف الوصول إلى الخدمات الأساسية. تجادل هذه الورقة بأن نشر الكوادر قد أعاق تقديم الخدمات الفعالة في البلديات المحلية ، وبالتالي كان تأثير الدومينو هو أعمال الشغب والاحتجاجات والهدر في الإنفاق على مستوى الحكومة المحلية. ينتج عن هذا استبعاد تشاركي عندما يتعلق الأمر بالتنمية الجماعية. من خلال التحليل الدقيق للأدبيات ذات الصلة بالفساد ، ونشر الكوادر داخل مجال الحكومة المحلية في جنوب إفريقيا ، أصبح من الواضح أن السعي لتحقيق التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في المناطق الريفية يعتمد بشدة على الحكم المحلي بوجود موظفين أكفاء ومهرة من شأنه إعطاء الأولوية للخدمة وليس الولاء السياسي على حساب التنمية. ومع ذلك ، فإن السؤال الرئيسي للمضي قدمًا هو إلى أي مدى سيكون الولاء قبل الكفاءة في صميم الإدارة البلدية وما هي الآثار التي ستترتب على آفاق التنمية المستقبلية والحكم الرشيد وتقديم الخدمات؟The former Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, Dr Zweli Mkhize, painted a bleak picture about the state of local government. The minister stated that 87 municipalities – about a third of South Africa’s total of 257 – remain dysfunctional or distressed. Underpinning this dysfunctionality was mismanagement due to political instability or interference, corruption and incompetence. This then results in poor service delivery, thus prolonging the periods of underdevelopment and poor access to basic services. This paper argues that cadre deployment has hindered the effective service delivery in local municipalities, thus the domino effect has been riots, protests and wasteful expenditure at the local government level. This results in participatory exclusion when it comes to collective development. By strictly analysing relevant literature related to corruption, and cadre deployment within the local government domain in South Africa, it became evident that the quest for socio-economic development in rural areas is deeply dependent on local governance having competent and skilled personnel who would prioritise service delivery rather than political loyalty at the expense of development. Nonetheless, the main question going forward is to what extent will loyalty ahead of competence be at the core of municipal governance and what implications will this have for future developmental prospects, good governance and service delivery
The Russian-Chinese Strategic Competition and its Impact on the Structure of the International System
No full text يتسم النظام الدولي الحالي بوجود العديد من المتغيرات التي تستحق الدراسة والبحث ولعل من ابرزها صعود القوى الدولية الجديدة على الساحة العالمية الامر الذي يغير بشكل مباشر من هيكلية النظام الدولي ويحرك الهرمية الدولية بشكل فاعل خاصة بعد سيطرة الولايات المتحدة على قمة الهرم الدولي منذ عام 1989 وحتى اليوم ،وتعد روسيا والصين في مقدمة الدول المرشحة لاحداث الحراك السياسي المرتقب وذلك لما تمتلكانه من قوى سياسية وعسكرية واقتصادية هائلة الامر الذي يستدعى باحثي السياسة والعلاقات الدولية التركيز على تحليل واقع الدولتين ومقوماتهما والتحديات التي تواجههما في طريقمها الى الهرم الدولي . ينطلق البحث من فرضية علمية مفادها ان العالم اليوم يعيش حالة القطبية المتعددة دون الاعلان الرسمي عن تأثير باقي القوى الدولية والتي تعد الصين وروسيا ابرزها.كما يحاول البحث حل اشكالية سياسية تتمثل باستمرار انفراد الولايات المتحدة برئاسة النظام الدولي دون وجود منافس استراتيجي قوي في وقت يحتاج فيه العالم الى توازن قوى دولية تساهم في اعادة هيكلة النظام الدولي وبشكل ينسجم مع المتغيرات الدولية الجديدة المتمثلة بالاقتصاد المعولم وازدياد تأثير المنظمات الدولية وتدخلاتها في سياسة الدولة مثل منظمة التجارة العالمية وصندوق النقد الدولي والبنك الدولي للانشاء والتعمير والشركات متعددة الجنسيةThe current international system is characterized by the presence of many variables that deserve study and research, perhaps the most prominent of which is the rise of new international powers on the world scene, which directly changes the structure of the international system and moves the international hierarchy effectively, especially after the United States took control of the top of the international pyramid since 1989 until today. Russia and China are at the forefront of the candidate countries for the expected political movement, due to their enormous political, military and economic powers, which requires policy and international relations researchers to focus on analyzing the reality of the two countries and their components and the challenges they face on their way to the international pyramid. The research stems from a scientific hypothesis that the world today is living in a state of multipolarity without an official announcement of the influence of the rest of the international powers, of which China and Russia are the most prominent). The world has a balance of international forces that contribute to the restructuring of the international system in a manner consistent with the new international changes represented by the globalized economy and the increasing influence of international organizations and their interventions in state policy such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and multinational companies
Proteinase Inhibitors of Pigeonpea cv. BSMR 736: Characterization and Bioefficacy Against Helicoverpa Armigera
No full textPigeonpea is an agriculturally important leguminous crop with high vulnerability to insect pest attack specifically, Helicoverpa armigera. The proteinase inhibitors (PIs) mediated host plant resistance against insect pests is a promising sustainable agricultural research practice. The current study was carried out to perceive biochemical characterization of proteinase inhibitors named PPTI in the pigeonpea (cv. BSMR 736). The purification of PPTI from crude protein seed extract was achieved by acetone precipitation, N-LP-IEF, and trypsin affinity chromatography. It was found to inhibit bovine trypsin and HaGPs in vitro. The optimal conditions for inhibition were pH 8 and temperature 40ºC. The PPTI showed four isoinhibitors bands on native, non-reducing and reducing SDS-PAGE in the range of 26.7–19.3 KDa. Upon resolution on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), PPTI produced nine pI variant spots having isoelectric point (pI) 6.6, 6.6, 6.3, 6.1, 5.9, 5.8, 5.7, 5.6 and 5.6. An artificial diet containing PPTI reduced the H. armigera larval weight about 69%, with 25% mortality. For eco-friendly sustainable agricultural practices, natural compounds like PPTI could be expressed in transgenic crops to prevent the invasion of H. armigera in pigeonpea
The Preventive Effects of Urtica dioica Extract and Nanoparticle on Oxidative Stress and Lipid Profile in Hyperlipidemic Male Rats
No full textCardiovascular diseases are the major factor in human premature death and disability and they are becoming more common worldwide. Individual atherosclerosis risk factors such obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and smoking all lead to an increase in oxidative stress. As a result, oxidative stress is thought to be a major factor in the development of atherosclerosis. Heart disease risk factors that have been well-documented include elevated blood lipid levels. Significant gaps in the treatment of CVDs still exist, in addition to making healthy lifestyle changes and using lipid-lowering medications as part of primary CVD prevention and therapy regimens. Natural extracts are a rich source of biomolecules that can be used as complex reagents for the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles as well as antioxidant medicines or dietary supplements. The current study estimates the anti-oxidant and protective activity of Urica dioica 200mg/kg extract water and ethanol with its silver nanoparticles 15mg/kg on lipid profile in induced hyperlipidemia rats feeding on high fat diet then evaluate lipid profile and MDA, SOD and GSH of the serum after 40 days, also characterization of AgNPs done by UV-Vis absorption, FTIR, XRD and SEM. The result demonstrates that the successful synthesis of NPs and Urtica dioica has a favorable impact on lipid profile and can function as a good antioxidant that can be employed as a protective agent against rising lipids and oxidative stress. However, further research studies need to investigate the safety and activity of different dose of AgNPS of Urtica dioica