Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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The Green Network Panoramic Vision: Erbil City as a Case Study
No full textMost cities worldwide suffer from the unequal distribution of urban areas and country areas around them and the growth of dangerous environmental issues. One of the primary causes of the imbalance is the continued expansion of building blocks and urban development against the open spaces and green areas either in or out of cities. Furthermore, the natural landscape, in general, has a significant impact on protecting the climate from rising temperatures and pollutants. So the aim of this research is to identify a panoramic vision of a green network and get to use sustainable land in a strong and socially solid society. As a result, the research problem reads: there is dispersion and disintegration in urban open space planning and its development. To solve the research problem, a hypothesis is proposed stating that “the absence of a panoramic vision of green networks and disconnection with the surrounding region is one of the most important causes of dispersion in those spaces”. Erbil city is one of the Iraqi cities in the northern part, was chosen as a case study to examine the green network components or elements. The results showed that Erbil has many aspects of the green network. This study offers some suggestions to fulfill the missing parts of it
Detecting Denial of Service Attacks in Internet of Things Using Software-Defined Networking and Ensemble Learning
No full textThe Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel approach to automate connections between smart devices without involving humans. The utilization of this structure is growing, and its application range is continually expanding. We confront additional issues as the usage of these networks grows, such as the presence of attackers and combating their attacks. These networks' performance may be improved, and their development can be accelerated, with new solutions to these difficulties. A new method for improving IoT security is proposed in this research, which is based on software-based network and collaborative learning. The suggested solution divides the network domain into numerous subdomains, each with its own controller for exchanging security rules with other subdomains. All of a subnet's node traffic is routed through the subnet's control node in this topology. As a result, each controller node employs an integrated learning model to continually evaluate network traffic data and detect assaults. This learning model incorporates an artificial neural network, a decision tree, and a New Biz model that uses statistical information gathered from each data stream to identify the likely existence of assaults. NSL-KDD database data was utilised to assess the proposed method's performance, and its accuracy in identifying denial of service attacks was compared to earlier approaches
The Role of Job Bullying in Promoting Turnover Intention: An Exploratory Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Employees in the General Directorate of Tourism in Sulaimania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
No full textيهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة دور التنمر الوظيفي) الصراخ العلني، الحرمان من استخدام الموارد، النقد المستمر، الضغط الغير مبرر) في تعزيز نية ترك العمل من وجهة نظر عينة من موظفين في مديرية العامة للسياحة في محافظة السليمانية /اقليم كوردستان – العراق . ولتحقيق الهدف تم استخدام الاستبانة مكونة من (30) سؤال وزعت على مجتمع الدراسة مكونة من (280) مفردة و وزعت(200) اتمارة بالطريقة العشوائية قد اعيدت منها (170) استمارة ، منها (161) استمارة صالحة للتحليل الاحصائي. وقد توصلت البحث الى وجود علاقة ارتباط بين التنمر الوظيفي و نية ترك العمل ، و وجود أثر للتنمر الوظيفي في تعزيز نية ترك العمل، وبناءً على ذلك، فقد قدم البحث مجموعة من التوصيات و المقترحات و من أهمها ضرورة تشجيع الموظفين في المديرية العامة للسياحة على إمتلاك المعرفة القانونية بواجباتهم و حقوقهم و التنوع الثقافي وإستثمار مناخ البيئة الداخلية لحماية انفسهم من الاذى و الاستغلال .The aim of current study is to know the role of job bullying (public screaming, deprivation of the use of resources, constant criticism, unjustified pressure) in promoting the turnover intention from the point of view of a sample of employees in the General Directorate of Tourism in Sulaimania- Kurdistan Region – Iraq. To achieve this objective and answering the study question , the descriptive analytical method with linear regression model were applied , and the data collected through primary source that are from questionnaires of population consist of (287) individuals, and (200) forms were distributed in a random sampling method , of which (170) were returned, just (161) were valid for statistical analysis. The research concluded that there is a correlation between job bullying and the turnover intention, and the existence of an impact of job bullying in strengthening the turnover intention, and accordingly, the research presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to encourage employees in the General Directorate of Tourism to know Legal knowledge of their duties and rights, and realize cultural diversity, and the internal environment climate to protect themselves from harm and exploitation
Returning to Kant and Escape from Hegel: Dimensions and Prospects of Philosophy after Hegel's Death
No full textبعد موت هيغل، تأثرت الفلسفة(المثالیة) بتحولات وأسئلة جدیدة طرأت بسبب التطور في العلوم. وکان أحد الأسباب التي تحدی الفلاسفة هو مواقفهم تجاه العلم. ومن هنا ظهرت دعوة العودة الی 'کنت'. لکن اذا سألنا هنا: ماذا تعني العودة الی 'کنت'؟ هل أصبح قدیما أو منسیا بعد موته ولاسیما بعد هیمنة هیغل علی الحیز الفلسفي؟ أو أن فلسفته کانت وماتزال من الرکائز الفلسفیة لیس ضمن نطاق الفلسفة الألمانیة وحدها فقط، انما ضمن الفلسفة الحدیثةبرمتها. لذا یناقش البحث، أبعاد العودة الی فلسفة 'کنت' وظهورها الجدید الذي فتح آفاقا جدیدة في تأریخ الفلسفة. لقد کان ‘کنت’ مؤثرا وملهما لکثیر من الفلاسفة اللاحقین لهیغلومایزال. علما، بأن أحدی مدلولات العودة، تعني أن 'کنت' کان مرجعا لایستغنی عنە. أما المدلول الآخر، تدل علی أنە لا یتجاوز. أي لایسبق علیە- بسهولة ولایصبح قدیما بطریقة ما. وفي المقابل هناک دعوة للعودة الی هیغل في سیاقات ومراحل مختلفة أیضا. لذا، فخطاب العودة لایخص 'کنت' وحده، أنما هناک دوافع موضوعیةو ذاتیة یحفز الباحثین للعودة الیهما. احدی الدافع مثلا موقف کلا الفیلوسفین تجاه العلم وتبني النظرة العلمیة في التفکیر الفلسفي.
After the death of Hegel, philosophy (idealism) was affected by transformations and new questions that arose due to the development in science. One of the reasons philosophers were challenged was their attitudes toward science. Hence the call to return to 'Kant'. But if we ask here: What does return to 'Kant' mean? Did he become old or forgotten after his death, especially after Hegel’s dominance of the philosophical space? Or that his philosophy was and still is one of the philosophical pillars, not only within the scope of German philosophy alone but within modern philosophy as a whole. Therefore, the research discusses the dimensions of the return to the philosophy of 'Kant' and its new appearance, which opened new horizons in the history of philosophy. 'Kant' has been influential and inspiring to many of Heglian’s later philosophers. Note that one of the connotations of return means that 'you' was an indispensable reference. As for the other indication, it does not exceed. That is, it does not precede it easily and does not become obsolete in some way. On the other hand, there is a call to return to Hegel in different contexts and stages as well. Therefore, the return discourse does not concern 'I was alone, but there are objective and subjective motives that motivate researchers to return to them. One of the motives, for example, is the attitude of both philosophers towards science and the adoption of the scientific view in philosophical thinking.
 
Settlement of International Electronic Contract Disputes by Determining International Jurisdiction for Consideration in Accordance with Iraqi Law
No full text إن الاختصاص القضائي الدولي هو ولاية المحاكم الوطنية في نظر المنازعات ذات العنصر الأجنبي. وقواعد الاختصاص القضائي الدولي للمحاكم العراقية هي مجموعة القواعد القانونية التي تحدد ولاية المحاكم الوطنية في نظر المنازعات ذات العنصر الأجنبي، تجاه غيرها من المحاكم الأجنبية للدول الأخرى، وتستند على مجموعة من الضوابط تعرف بضوابط الإختصاص القضائي الدولي للمحاكم العراقية. وجدير بالذكر فإن العقد الإلكتروني هو إتفاق يتلاقى فيه الإيجاب بالقبول على شبكة دولية مفتوحة للإتصال عن بعد وذلك بوسيلة مسموعة مرئية وبفضل التفاعل بين الموجب والقابل. ويتحدد الإختصاص القضائي الدولي لتسوية المنازعات المتعلقة به في القانون العراقي بضابط الإختصاص القضائي الدولي التقليدي الذي ينعقد به الإختصاص للمحاكم العراقية بمقتضى الفقرة (ج) من المادة (15) من القانون المدني العراقي. على الرغم من أننا حاولنا في هذه الدراسة أن نسند الإختصاص القضائي الدولي للمحاكم العراقية للنظر في تسوية منازعات العقد الإلكتروني الدولي إلى بعض الضوابط التي نص عليها قانون التوقيع الإلكتروني والمعاملات الإلكترونية رقم (78) لسنة 2012The international jurisdiction is competence of the national courts to decide the disputes containing a foreign element. Whereas the rules of the international jurisdiction of the Iraqi courts are the group of legal rules determining the competence of the Iraqi courts to decide the disputes of foreign element, against other foreign courts. And are based upon a group of standards or criteria, well-known as the standards of the international jurisdiction of Iraqi courts. It is worth bearing in mind that the electronic contract is an agreement through which the offer and acceptance are meeting in an open international online network of distance communication, by visual and audible means. Thanks to the interaction between offeror and acceptor. It is also worth-noting that international jurisdiction to settle the disputes of the electronic contract is determined by the traditional standard of the international jurisdiction, through which the jurisdiction of Iraqi courts is concluded, in conformity with the paragraph –C- of the article (15) of the Iraqi Civil Law No. (40) of 1951. Although we tried in this piece of research to attribute the international jurisdiction of Iraqi courts in the disputes relevant of international electronic contracts to some standards provided for by the electronic signature and electronic bargains No. 78 of 2012
Apply Binary Logistic Regression Model to Recognize the Risk Factors of Diabetes through Measuring Glycated Hemoglobin Levels
No full textThis study aimed to identify diabetes risk factors in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and explain why diabetes is rapidly spreading there, which examined some sociodemographic characteristics factors that might affect type 2 diabetes such as age, gender, alcohol consumption, and smoking, diabetes family history, and body weight. The data was collected from the hospital of diabetes named the center of diabetes in Sulaymaniyah city of Iraq, in which 218 diabetic cases were used for that purpose. According to the findings, some factors influence type 2 diabetes, such as Gender, Smoking, and Body Weight. For Gender, Females are more likely to have diabetes than males. Also, someone that smokes is more likely to have diabetes than those who do not smoke. Furthermore, with increasing each kilogram of body weight, the diabetes degree increases as well. On the other hand, regarding the results, some factors such as Age, Consumption of Alcoholic, and Diabetes Family History do not affect type 2 diabetes. Depending on the findings, it is recommended that people engage in regular physical activity and consume nutritious foods to minimize weight gain, which is one of the primary causes of diabetes as well as they should quit smoking
The Essential Pheromonal Elements of the Mouse Preputial Gland in Castrated Treated Mice
No full textThe present study investigated the 1effects of both castration and manipulation of castrated1 subjects with 0.1 ml of 50µg/kg/day of testosterone at 3 weeks of age for 6 weeks on the pheromonal and histological structure of male mice preputial gland. The preputial gland results from the control intact group showed that six essential pheromonal compounds are present, whereas the glandular structure revealed well-developed acini with basement membrane and connective tissue around most of them. These findings also showed that castration has deleterious effects on the essential pheromonal compounds which are reduced to two compounds only (the α.-Farnesene and 1- Tetradecanol) as well as the histological sections from such subject appeared many atrophied vacuolated acini. On the other hand, treatment of castrated animals with such dose of testosterone did not show any marked effects on the essential pheromonal compounds but it was able to restore the activities of acinar development as showed by many hypertrophied alveoli
The Use of Tobit and Logistic Regression Models to Study Factors that Affect Blood Pressure in Cardiac Patients
No full textThis research witnessed using the Tobit and logistic regression models to study the factors that affect blood pressure in cardiac patients. The data have been collected, from 500 patients with heart disease in hospital-heart center - Erbil. The two levels of blood pressure, low and high blood pressures, were taken from the patients, as dependent variables and some, independent variables (Gender, Age, Urea, Cholesterol, Creatinine, and Weight). The researcher found that the median of blood pressure by means of arterial pressure (MAP) equation contains each of high and low blood pressures differently because the threshold point was determined to be (99.33), which is equal to,12/8 mmHg, which is the normal amount of blood pressure. The aim of this research is to explain the main concepts and processes of Tobit regression analysis (Censored- and Truncated) and logistic regression analysis, which is used for knowing which factors of independent variables has more effect on the response variables (blood pressure), and to compare the outcomes of the two models (Tobit regression and logistic regression) in order to determine which of the models best fits our data in which AIC and BIC are used. The researcher reached a conclusion that the logistic regression model best fits our data compared with Tobit regression, and it arrived at the results obtained by utilizing the statistical packages in R programming, MATLAB and Statistical Packages of Social Sciences (SPSS) V.26, which was used to analyze data from our researc
Grid to Ground Solutions in Construction Projects
No full textNowadays, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) techniques are considered the cornerstones in the field of surveying and civil engineering industry. At present, a plethora of companies is employing GNSS in their daily activities. The engineering construction projects are designed based on ground distances although rapid static works on grid coordinate system, where the distances between points vary from the ground. The established control points should be compatible with the design by converting distances to ground. This study investigates the effect of the scale factor (SF) to reduce the linear distortion when grid is converted to ground. For this purpose, eight different distances from 64.858 m to 887.974 m were taken with rapid static method. The results reveal that whereas the distances are increased, the difference between the grid and ground is proportional, and for the smallest distance, the difference was 54 mm and for the largest was 398 mm. Besides, the grid distances were converted to ground distances using the combined SFs that works as a divider; the average difference was decreased from 175 mm to 45 mm, and the maximum difference was decreased from 398 mm to 85 mm
The Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Charity Organizations in Erbil in Iraq
No full textThe paper focuses on determining whether organizational justice has impact on the organizational citizenship behavior in charity organization in Erbil/Iraq. Correlation analysis analyzed (r =0.795**) was found between organizational justice and OCB, (r =0.424**) was found between Distributive and OCB (r =0.768**) was found between Procedural and OCB, (r =0.784**) e was found between Interactional and OCB. Simple Analysis concluded supported that there is linkage between organizational justice as an independent variable and OCB as a dependent variable (Adjusted R2 = 0.630, p <0.01). Multiple Regression Analysis concluded supported that there is linkage between dimensions of organizational justice as an independent variable as listed as Distributive, Procedural and Interactional with OCB as a dependent variable (Adjusted R2 = 0.654, p <0.05). Rely of the study outcome all hypotheses which are H1, H2, H3 and H4 were confirmed