Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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The Role of Workplace Enviousness on Individual Productivity and Organizational Behavior
No full textAs a result of its negative consequences for college academics, workplace envy is one of the important areas to study and investigate its results. Thus, this study attempts to find out individuals’ productivity affected by envy in the workplace (CWBI) and organizational citizenship behavior directly benefi ts individuals (OCBI) in the context of Iraqi colleges. A survey was conducted among the lecturers at Baghdad University’s colleges in Iraq, with 182 lecturers representing a response rate of 50%. The researcher used two-step approach with partial least squares-structural equation modeling by Smart PLS to test the hypotheses. As anticipated, the research findings point that workplace envy positively influenced CWBI (accepting H1). Furthermore, results indicated that workplace envy negatively influenced OCBI (accepting H2). The results of this research have various implications for colleges in general and Iraqi colleges in particular. The scientific impact that the results of the present study will contribute to practitioners is demonstrated by highlighting the factors that lead to reducing CWBI and strengthening OCBI in colleges. To enhance the OCBI and minimize the CWBI in colleges, it is advised that the management should encourage academic cooperation and create a work environment suitable for the academics. This can be achieved by forming research teams to work on joint scientific projects and by allowing qualified academics to participate in teaching, supervising postgraduate students, and discussion committees. Providing positive organizational support can motivate the academics to perform better, exhibit responsible behavior, and become productive members of the college community
The Importance of Characteristic Performance Theory in Determining the Most Suitable Law for the Weaker Party in the International Labor Contract: An Analytical Comparative Study
No full textيحاول هذا البحث دراسة أهمية نظرية الأداء المميز في حماية العاقد الضعيف في العقود التي لا تتساوى فيها القوة التفاوضية بين طرفي العقد, على الرغم من تدخل القانون بقواعد قانونية آمرة لحماية العاقد الضعيف. ومن أبرز هذه العقود هو عقد العمل الذي لا تتساوى فيه القوة التفاوضية بين العامل وصاحب العمل, فيترتب على ذلك الإضرار بمصلحة العامل اذا ما تم تطبيق قانون الارادة أو القانون المختار على عقد العمل الدولي. فيبرز دور نظرية الأداء المميز في تحديد القانون الأصلح للعاقد الضعيف عن طريق الإسناد المرن للرابطة أو العلاقة العقدية المشوبة بعنصر أجنبي بدلاً عن الإسناد الجامد وفقاً لنظرية التركيز الموضوعي أو التوطين المكاني للعلاقة الخاصة الدولية, اذ يتم تطبيق نظرية الأداء المميز عن طريق نظرية التركيز الموضوعي, ولكن بواسطة الإسناد المرن وليس الجامد. This research is concerned with studying the importance of the characteristic performance theory in protecting the weak party in the contracts, in which the bargaining power is not equivalent between the contracting parties. In spite of the intervention of the law by imperative legal rules to protect the weak party. The most considerable among these contracts is the labor contract, featured by the non-equivalence of the bargaining power between the employer and employee. Which leads to the damage inflicted to employee's interests. If the chosen law or the law of will is to be applied on the international labor contract. Therefore the role played by the characteristic performance theory will be obvious in determining the most suitable law to the weak party by the flexible attribution or connection of the contractual relation intervened with a foreign element. Instead of the rigid attribution or connection, in accordance with the theory of objective localization of the international private relation. And the characteristic performance theory is applied by the latter theory, via the flexible but not rigid connection  
The Effectiveness of Politeness Achievements on Students’ Academic performance
No full textإنها لصفة رائعة أن تكون مهذباً. وهذا يدل على الانضباط والذي بدوره يعني معاملة الآخرين باحترام وتقدير. إذ يحتاج كل فرد إلى سماع الأشياء المفيدة ورؤية طرق رائعة للتصرف تجاه نفسه وتجاه الآخرين. نتيجة لذلك كان من الضروري معاملة الآخرين باحترام ولطف. وأن تكون مهذبًا ليس بقول الكلمات الطيفة للآخرين؛ بل يتضمن أيضًا كيفية تعاملنا مع البيئة والحيوانات. التهذيب موضوع حساس ، لكن حتى الآن لا توجد دراسات تركز على التهذيب. تركز الدراسة الحالية على تهذيب الطلاب في الجامعات العراقية. إنها دراسة نوعية لأنها أجرت عددًا من المقابلات المتعمقة مع كل من المحاضرين والطلاب. تظهر النتائج أن التهذيب يلعب دورًا في الأداء الأكاديمي للطلاب.A way to be polite is to be polite. It is a wonderful quality. It demonstrates discipline. It means treating other people with consideration and respect. Each individual needs to hear beneficial things and see great ways of behaving towards themselves. As a result, it's critical to treat others with respect and kindness. Being polite is more than just saying nice things to other people; it also includes how we treat the animals and environment around us. For the most part, individuals show graciousness to senior faculty, this is a perilous pattern in a humanized world. Politeness is a sensitive topic, but till now there are no studies focusing on the politeness. The current study focuses on the politeness of the students at the Iraqi universities. It is a qualitative study since it conducted a number of in-depth interviews with both lecturers and students. The results show that politeness does play a role in the academic performance of the students
The Influence of Individual, Environmental, Technology, and Manufacturing Factors on Iraqi Gas and Oil Companies: The Moderating Role of Agile
No full textImplementation of agile technology and its effects on individuals, the environment, technology, and manufacturing factors are the focus of this study, with a special focus on agile technology's moderating effect. Consequently, this study investigates a unique conceptual framework to extend the notions of agile technology implementation in order to address this research gap. This conceptual framework has been subjected to empirical testing, with 380 population-representative employees serving as participants. This study establishes the inclusion requirements for Iraqi oil and gas firms. Using a self-administered questionnaire, data are collected and analyzed using structural equation modelling (PLS). The finding shows that there are various factors that have a positive effect on oil and gas companies in Iraq. The implementation of agile technology also has a partially significant positive moderating effect on these factors, indicating that agile technology can amplify the positive impact of these factors. This can lead to profits and the ability for companies to achieve long-term goals and a competitive advantage in the business environment while achieving sustainability in the oil and gas field. These findings are significant, as they suggest that the implementation of agile technology can have a positive impact on the oil and gas industry in Iraq, leading to long-term sustainability and profitability
Inhibition of Rac 1 Protect Against Platelet Induced Liver and Kidney Injury in Diabetes Mellitus
No full textDiabetes mellitus both (Type 1 and Type 2) are one of the common causes for activation of platelet. Inflammation-induced abnormal platelet function contributes to chronic complications, which are the leading causes of death and morbidity among diabetics. Rac1 has been shown to regulate a variety of platelet functions; predicted Rac1could regulate platelet release of CXCL4, which leads to kidney injury in Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes mellitus' effect on Rac1 activation, a 21kD G-protein implicated in platelet activation, was investigated and platelet induced inflammation and kidney injury. Swiss albino male mice were pretreated with 5 mg/kg of a specific Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 and injected with (45 mg/kg body wt.) streptozotocin, twice for five days. Moreover, the concentration of serum chemokines CXCL4 were assayed using ELISA and histology score for kidney were examined. Our results showed that Diabetes mellitus was induced in mice by streptozotocin. In addition, platelet chemokines (CXCL4) were markedly higher in diabetic mice when compared to the sham (control) group. Moreover, pretreatment with NSC23766 decreased liver and kidney injury assessed by histology score, P-value <0.05. Our study reveals that Rac1 has a critical role in platelet chemokines secretion due to diabetes-induced inflammation in the liver and kidneys, targeting Rac1 could be a target for innovative treatment to control inflammation in diabetic individual. Targeting platelets involved in inflammatory pathways could be part of a strategy in order to control and manage diabetes and its consequences
Applying the Bayesian Technique in Designing a Single Sampling Plan
No full text The Bayesian sampling plans for production inspection are considered a technique of sampling inspection techniques for determining the characteristics of the sampling plan based on the assumption that the rate of defectives is a random variable that varies from one production batch to the next, resulting in a probability distribution f(p) that could be determined based on experience and the available quality information available. As part of this study, the parameters of a single Bayesian sampling plan (n,c) were derived by using the Beta-Binomial distribution and compared with those of other single sampling plans. Researchers have identified (ALA company for soft drinks), which handles product quality control. 120 production batches were selected, and the size of the batch and the number of defective items were used to determine the proportion of defective items, given that the variable varies randomly from one production batch to the next. Bayesian and decision-making models can be implemented to create a single sampling inspection process that is close to the actual quality level. The researchers discovered that when the decision-making model was used, the sample size was minimal compared to other inspection plans, leading to a low inspection cost
Apply Parametric Shared Frailty Models to Colorectal Cancer Patients
No full text Colorectal cancer is a combination of colon and rectal cancer that indicates an abnormal growth of cells in either the colon or rectum and is named according to its original location. After treatment, cancer may return to the primary site of the original tumor or to a different location in the body once or more, which is called recurrent. This paper aimed to model this type of data from 128 colorectal cancer patients collected at Hiwa hospital in Sulaimani considering the gamma shared and inverse Gaussian shared frailty models for analyzing the patient’s survival times with colorectal cancer recurrence and estimate the prognostic factor’s impact on their survival. Comparison of the results of these models with those without a frailty model using Weibull, log-logistic, and lognormal as a baseline distribution. To identify the best model for the data the (AIC) Akaike Information Criterion and (BIC) Bayesian Information Criterion were also used. Results showed that the cancer stage was the only significant factor affecting survival in recurrent events, as well as evidence of existing heterogeneity in colorectal patients. According to (AIC) and (BIC), the Weibull as baseline distribution with shared Gamma frailty model proved the most efficient model for the colorectal recurrent data. In Conclusion, the shared frailty model is better than no frailty when analyzing this type of data
Study of the Reality of Psychological Flow among Students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil
No full textيعد التدفق النفسي من أحسن حالات الذكاء الوجداني لأنه يمثل اقصى درجة في تعزيز الانفعالات التي تخدم الاداء والتعلم ، فاذا استطاع الطالب دخول منطقة التدفق فان انفعالاته تكون إيجابيه مليئة بالطاقة والحيوية وتنظيم قواها مع ما يجري من نشاط راهن واذا أصاب الطالب الملل أو الاكتئاب والتوتر فان ذلك يحول دون تدفق المشاعر وبالتالي ينخفض مستوى اداءه العملي والدراسي. ونظراً لأهمية التدفق النفسي في المجال الرياضي هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على درجة التدفق النفسي لدى طلبة قسم التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة/ جامعة جيهان-اربيل والكشف عن ما إذا كانت هناك فروقا في مستوى التدفق النفسي لدى أفراد العينة تعزى لمتغير (المرحلة الدراسية). فقد اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي بالاسلوب المقارن، وتكونت العينة من(50) طالباً وطالبةً من طلبة قسم التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة/جامعة جيهان-أربيل وللمراحل الدراسية الاربعة، تم اختيارهم بطريقة عمدية، و تم تطبيق مقياس التدفق النفسي الذي وضعه ( جاكسون ومارش). أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطات درجات الطلبة للمراحل الاربعة في مستوى التدفق النفسي تعزى لمتغير (المرحلة الدراسية)، فقد حصل طلاب المرحلة الأولى على أعلى درجة من التدفق النفسي مقارنة ببقية المراحل الدراسية، وكان طلبة المرحلة الثانية من اقل المراحل الدراسية تدفقأً، لونتيجة لذلك أوصت الدراسة بضرورة إقامة دورات وبرامج لتنمية التدفق النفسي، ونشر ثقافة علم النفس الإيجابي لدى طلبة الجامعة، وضع برامج تعليمية إرشادية تعمل على ترسيخ وتطوير ابعاد التدفق النفسي.وتبني الجامعة إقامة الدورات والبرامج لتنمية وتطوير التدفق النفسي لدى الطلبة.Psychological flow is one of the best cases of emotional intelligence because it represents the maximum degree in enhancing emotions that serve performance and learning. It prevents the flow of feelings and thus decreases the level of his practical and academic performance. Given the importance of psychological flow in the sports field, the current study aimed to identify the degree of psychological flow among students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Cihan University - Erbil, and to reveal whether there are differences in the level of psychological flow among the sample members due to the variable (university stage). The study followed the descriptive approach in a comparative method, and the sample consisted of (50) male and female students from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Cihan University - Erbil and for the four academic stages, they were chosen in a deliberate manner, and the psychological flow scale developed by (Jackson and Marsh) was applied
The Representation of Gender Identity in the Persian Translations of “Pride and Prejudice”
No full textThis paper investigated how the gender identity of the female protagonist in the English novel Pride and Prejudice (Austen, 1813) and its two Persian translations was represented under the influence of the dominant ideology in Iran`s pre-and post- Islamic Revolution eras. In so doing, Baker`s analytical model (2006) was applied by which the ST and the TTs were analyzed at micro-and macro-levels. In this regard, the configurations of features of narrativity in all versions (i.e., both ST and TTs), and the influence of Iran`s ruling systems on these configurations were investigated. As a result, it was revealed that the representation of the protagonist`s gender identity was SL oriented in the pre-Islamic Revolution translation, and it was TL oriented in the post-Islamic Revolution translation. These findings affirmed Baker`s claim that a translation as a different version of a foreign narrative disseminates the favorite social reality in the TL society.  
The American Position on the Syrian Missile Crisis in Lebanon 1981
No full text الهدف من البحث هو تحديد موقف الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية من أزمة الصواريخ السورية في لبنان أو التي تعرف بـ"ازمة زحلة" في عام 1981 . جاءت الأزمة بعد أشهر قليلة من وصول الرئيس الأمريكي رونالد ريغان إلى كرسي الرئاسة في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية20 كانون الثاني 1981، وكان للرئيس ريغان توجهات جديدة ليس على مستوى لبنان ومنطقة الشرق الأوسط فقط، بل لكل مناطق الصراع على النفوذ مع الاتحاد السوفيتي، وجاءت التوجهات كأمر طبيعي بسبب تراجع سياسة ونفوذ واشنطن في عهد الرئيس جيمي كارتر من خلال سقوط نظام الشاه في إيران والتدخل العسكري السوفيتي في أفغانستان سنة 1979. وكان هذا التوجه الجديد واضحاً على مستوى السياسة الأمريكية تجاه الشرق الأوسط ، وتجاه ما كان يحدث في لبنان أيضاً ، ويدل على تغيّر السياسة الأمريكية. وصلت المواجهات العسكرية بين القوات السورية و ميليشيا الجبهة اللبنانية إلى ذروتها مع بداية شهر نيسان 1981 في مدينة زحلة، وشددت القوات السورية الخناق والحصار على زحلة مما أعطى مبرراً للقوات الإسرائيلية للتدخل بحجة حماية المسيحيين. وانتقلت المواجهات إلى مرحلة جديدة عندما نشرت سوريا صواريخ سام في سهل البقاع للتصدي لسلاح الطيران الإسرائيلي ، عندها سارعت الولايات المتحدة للتدخل لاحتواء الأزمة ومنع تطورها إلى حرب بين سوريا وإسرائيل تكون لها تداعيات خطيرة على عملية السلام الجارية بين العرب وإسرائيل برعاية الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية ، فضلاً عن احتمالات استغلالها من قبل السوفيت لزيادة نفوذهم في المنطقة ، وقد نجح التدخل الأمريكي في تهدئة الوضع نسبياً ، لكن عوامل الصراع بقيت كامنة .The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the American attitude towards the Syrian Missile Crisis, also known as Zahle Crises, in 1981. This crisis came after some months from the beginning of Regan administration in January 20. 1981. President Regan had new orientations, not on Lebanese and Middle Eastern level alone, but also on the level of American – Soviet rivalry on influence in other regions. The new orientation was very clear from American policy towards the Middle East and what was going on in Lebanon. The armed confrontations between the Syrian and the Lebanese Front militia reached their climax at the beginning of April 1981 at the city of Zahle. The Syrian forces tightened the siege on the city, which gave a justification for the Israeli forces to intervene under the pretext of protecting the Christians. The Israeli intervention resulted in increasing tension between Syria and Israel, and the confrontation moved to a new stage when Syria deployed Soviet made SAM missiles in the Bekaa valley to confront Israeli war planes. At this point the USA intervened to contain the crisis and prevent it from developing into a Syrian – Israeli war that would have a serious repercussion on the peace bet p Arab – Israeli peace process sponsored by the USA