Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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Factors Influencing Individual’s E-wallet Usage in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
No full textE-Wallets play a critical role in many ways people do cashless transactions. Technology innovations have made smartphone users carry out many transactions or payments using applications installed on their smartphones. The COVID-19 pandemic has boosted cashless payment awareness in numerous countries, including Iraq. The research objectives are to determine the factors that influence E-wallet usage in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. This study methodology uses a questionnaire distribution based on the structural equation model. Ninety-nine sets of valuable data were collected from lecturers who use the FastPay E-Wallet application at the University of Cihan-Erbil. The collected data have been analyzed using SmartPLS data analysis software. The current study revealed that perceived security, trust, ease of use, and usefulness strongly influence E-Wallet usage. A future study suggests researching different E-Wallet applications since this research only focused on FastPay
Hearing Testimony in English Law: Comparative Study with Islamic Sharia
No full textThis research aims to compare the hearing testimony of English law with hearing testimony in Islamic Sharia. The article uses comparative analytical descriptive method by comparing English law as a basis with Islamic law. The data were collected from secondary data extracted from books, scientific journal, and websites. the result showed that the testimony on hearing is not in place of the incident to be proven, but rather the opinion of the people in this incident. Also, English law defines several types of testimony on hearing, the most important of which are: Oral testimony on hearing, certificate written on the auscultation, and certification of tolerance through a specific behavior. The reserch provide some recommendations including the adoption of the testimony of tolerance in the Iraqi Evidence Law, in the manner of Islamic Sharia and by proposing a legal article as: It is permissible to accept the testimony of what people hear, in cases of lineage, death, and marriage, and in what the witness did not suffer. Finally, the witness’s testimony is accepted if he is told by two just men, or a man and two women, who he trusts.
The Importance of Developing Methods for Teaching the Arabic Language for Academic Purposes
No full textيحاول البحث الحالي الموجز أن يعرّف طرائق تدريس اللغة العربية لأغراض أكاديمية AAPعلى أنها أحد مكونات المنهج الجامعي العراقي، وأن يبين أهميتها في الارتقاء بتدريس اللغة العربية لأغراض أكاديمية، ويقف على واقعها في الجامعات العراقية، وأن ترسم بعض المسارات للنهوض بواقع برامج الترجمة في الجامعات العراقية. يستخدم البحث طريقة الملاحظة الموضوعية الوصفية لوصف التعليم العالي للغة العربية لأغراض أكاديمية في العراق. وتبرز طرائق تدريس اللغة العربية لأغراض أكاديمية كأحد أهم مكونات مناهج اللغة العربية لأغراض أكاديمية في التعليم العالي في العراق، إذ كان منهج اللغة العربية لأغراض أكاديمية قديماً مرادفاً للمقررات الدراسية ومقتصراً عليها ويرمي إلى تزويد المتعلمين بالمعارف والمعلومات دون الأخذ بالحسبان جوانب الشخصية الأخرى، وإنما كانت العناية فيه تقتصر على الناحية العقلية من نمو المتعلم، حتى إنه لم يكن يعنى بإنماء النواحي العقلية ذات الدلالة في مجتمعنا المعاصر كتنمية التفكير الابتكاري وإهمال الدوافع الموجهة للسلوك. أما المنهج حالياً فهو يتضمن جميع الخبرات التي تقدمها الجامعة إلى طلابها تحقيقاً لرسالتها الكبرى في بناء البشر وفق أهداف تربوية محددة، بما يساعد على تحقيق نموهم الشامل جسمياً وعقلياً ونفسياً وجمالياً وروحياً واجتماعياً وإنسانياً.This research paper attempts to define the teaching methods of the Arabic for Academic Purposes (AAP) as one of the components of translation programs at the Iraqi university curriculum, and to show its importance in improving the teaching of the AAP, and to determine its reality in Iraqi universities, and to draw some paths to advance the reality of translation programs in Iraqi universities. The research uses the descriptive objective observation method to describe higher education of the Arabic language for academic purposes in Iraq. Methods of teaching the Arabic language for academic purposes stand out as one of the most important components of the Arabic language for academic purposes curricula in higher education in Iraq. In the past, the Arabic language for academic purposes curriculum was synonymous with academic curricula and limited to them and aimed to provide learners with knowledge and information without taking into account other aspects of personality. Rather, care was In it, it is limited to the mental aspect of the learner’s development, to the point that it was not concerned with developing the mental aspects that are significant in our contemporary society, such as developing innovative thinking and neglecting the motives guiding behavior. As for the current curriculum, it includes all the experiences that the university provides to its students in order to achieve its greater mission of building human beings according to specific educational goals, which helps to achieve their comprehensive growth physically, mentally, psychologically, aesthetically, spiritually, socially and humanely
Impact of Textiled-Poly Bags as Economic and Environmentally Friendly Recycled Fibers on Mechanical Features of Soil
No full textNewly, the utilization of polypropene for packaging consumer products was populated significantly, which might make ecological problems. So, it is substantial to detect environmentally friendly techniques to recycle these waste substances without causing any environmental risks. One such technique could be the utilize poly wastes as stabilizer agents for soils. In the current investigation, textiled-poly bags (TPB) have been recycled and fabricated to be economy and environmentally-friendly fibers. The impact of utilizing different proportions and lengths of these fibers on the mechanical features of clayey soil has been evaluated. The investigation depended on four different fiber-proportions (1, 2, 3, &4)% of soil weight in two different lengths (1&2) cm. Geotechnical experimental test consequences demonstrated that the recycled fiber pieces minimize the optimum dry density (ODD) and the corresponding optimum water content (OWC) of the treated soil samples. Additionally, there was a notable increment in the uniaxial compression test results of the treated soil samples. Moreover, the consequences of California Bearing Ratio tests showed that the utilization of recycled TPB fibers in clayey soil samples enhances the resistance and deformation performance of the soils specially when utilizing 4% of recycled TPB fibers for both lengths (1 & 2) cm
Clinical Prediction of Blood Parameters Associated with Breast, Colon, Thyroid, Ovarian, and Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic Studies
No full textCancer is a cellular change caused by uncontrolled cell growth and division. This disease develops from the growth of abnormal cells that have the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between blood parameters (e.g., Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Haemoglobin (HGB), White Blood Cell (WBC), and Red Blood Cell (RBC)) and different types of cancer. Breast cancer, thyroid gland cancer, ovarian cancer, testicular cancer, brain tumors as well as other types of cancer are based on the cell of the tissue found on or in the body. Any of these types of cancer are associated with a variety of health issues that put the patient's life in danger. Performing the complete blood count (CBC) test prior to or after a cancer diagnosis is necessary as abnormalities in the body can cause blood component rates to either increase or decrease, depending on the type of cancer, the patient's physiological mechanism, and the structural component. Since the CBC test belongs to hematology, drawing a blood sample and putting it into the anticoagulant tube for testing were preferred. In this study, the blood components of almost all patients were normal except for a few of them which may be due to other medical and biological factors. There is a significant relationship between blood parameters and cancer types. 
Ethical Leadership Role in Job Embeddedness and Job Involvement
No full textThe aim of this article is to verify the relationship between ethical leadership (EL) and job embeddedness (JE) and job involvement (JI) in charity organizations in Erbil province, Iraq. Also, identifying the role of ethical leadership in enhancing job involvement and job embeddedness. The data were collected by questionnaire distributed to 320 staff working at charity organizations in Erbil, Iraq. The data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS 26 to test the hypothesis of the study. The outcome of this article showed a positive relationship between EL and JE and JI. Also, there is a positive effect between the EL and JE. The implication of the study point to the essential role of ethical leadership in changing employees’ attitudes positively toward job involvement and satisfaction
The Crime of Aggression between Recognition, Definition and Activation
No full textا’قرت جريمة العدوان في نظام روما الاساسي للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية (ICC) عام 1998 ولكن ا’رجىء تعريفها لحين نفاذ نظام روما بعد مصادقة (30) دولة عليه ، وهو ما تم عام 2002 ، ثم اتفاق جمعية الدول الاطراف في هذا النظام بعد مرور (7) سنوات على نفاذه وهو ما تم عام 2010 (مؤتمر كامبالا) بعد اجراء تعديلات على النظام ، وكذلك ارجىْ تفعيل هذه التعديلات لحين اتفاق جمعية الدول الاطراف في عام 2017 ، وقد تم الاتفاق على التفعيل ابتداءا من عام 2018 ، وبذلك اصبحت ال (ICC) مختصة بجريمة العدوان اضافة الى الجرائم الثلاث الاخرى ( جريم الحرب، جريمة الابادة الجماعية ، والجريمة ضد الانسانية ). وتناول البحث كيفية تعريف جريمة العدوان ومدى تاثر التعريف بقرار الجمعية العامة (3314) لسنة 1974 وماهية اركان هذه الجريمة وطبيعة تعديلات مؤتمر كامبالا وكيفية تفعيل هذه التعديلات ومدى الحاجة لاصدار اعلانات بموافقة الدول او رفضها لهذه التعديلات ، اضافة الى توضيح حدود اختصاص ال(ICC) على جريمة العدوان ، وماهية العلاقة بين المحكمة ومجلس الامن الدولي ومواقف الدول وبالاخص الاعضاء الدائميين فيه ، واخيرا بحث آثار الانسحاب من المحكمة ومدى شمولها باحكام اتفاقية فيينا لقانون المعاهدات لسنة 1969 .
The crime of aggression was approved in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 1998, but its definition was postponed until the Rome Statute came into force after 30 countries ratified it, which was done in 2002, and then the agreement of the Assembly of States Parties to this system after (7) years. On its entry into force, which was what happened in 2010 (Kampala Conference) after making amendments to the system, and it was also postponed to activate these amendments until the agreement of the Assembly of States Parties in 2017, and it was agreed to activate starting from 2018, and thus the (ICC) became competent in the crime of aggression In addition to the other three crimes (war crime, genocide, and crime against humanity). The research dealt with how to define the crime of aggression, the extent to which the definition was affected by General Assembly Resolution (3314) of 1974, what are the pillars of this crime, the nature of the amendments to the Kampala Conference, how to activate these amendments, and the extent of the need to issue declarations with the approval or rejection of these amendments, in addition to clarifying the limits of the competence of the (ICC) on The crime of aggression, and what is the relationship between the court and the UN Security Council and the positions of states, especially the permanent members of it, and finally a study of the effects of withdrawal from the court and the extent of its coverage of the provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969.
 
The Role of Palestinian Universities' in Reducing the Social Anxiety Associated with the Early Stages of COVID 19 Pandemic
No full text تقدّم هذه الدراسة تحليلاً لدور الجامعات في التخفيف من حدة الاضطرابات الاجتماعية المصاحبة لجائحة كورونا. حيث تناقش الدراسة ثلاثة جوانب رئيسة لدور الجامعات، وهي تقديم المعلومات الموثقة وذات المصداقية حول الفيروس وطرق الوقاية منه، وتقديم الخدمات الطبية المباشرة والمساندة للمواطنين، إضافة إلى استمرار التعليم عن بعد. اعتمدت الدراسة على المراجعة التحليلية لنتائج البحوث الميدانية والنظرية المنشورة حول الموضوع، إضافة لتحليل تجربة الجامعات الفلسطينية خلال الجائحة. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أنه كان للجامعات تأثير مباشر في التخفيف من حدة الاضطرابات الاجتماعية التي نتجت عن انتشار فيروس كورونا في المجتمع الفلسطيني وخاصة في المراحل الأولى من انتشاره. فقد بينت الدراسة أن الجامعات عملت على تقديم معلومات موضوعية وموثقة للمواطنين خففت من حالة الإرباك التي صاحبت ظهور الفيروس، وقدمت معلومات مكثفة حول طرق الوقاية من الفيروس، وقدمت خدماتها المباشرة وغير المباشرة للمواطنين. وأخيراً بينت الدراسة كيف أن استمرار الجامعات بتقديم الخدمات التعليمية عبر الوسائط الالكترونية أسهم في التخفيف من حدة الاضطراب الاجتماعي. وقدمت الدراسة مجموعة من التوصيات التي تعزز من الدور القيادي للجامعات في ظل الأزمات التي تواجهها المجتمعات المعاصرة.This study analyses the role of universities in alleviating the social anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The study discusses three main aspects of the role of universities, namely providing verified and credible information about the virus and ways to prevent it, providing direct and supportive medical services to citizens, in addition to continuing education through online learning. The study adopted the analytical methodology of literature review and results of previous empirical research, in addition to analyzing the experience of Palestinian universities during the pandemic. The study concluded that universities had a direct impact in alleviating the social anxiety associated with the spread of the Corona virus in Palestinian society by providing verified and credible information to citizens that reduced the confusion, providing extensive information about ways to prevent the virus, and providing direct and indirect services to citizens. Finally, the study showed how the universities' continuation of providing educational services through electronic media contributed to alleviating social anxiety. The study came up with a set of recommendations that enhance the leadership role of universities in crises.
 
The Chinese-American Conflict over the South China Sea: A Future Analytical Vision
No full textان جوهر الصراع بين الولايات المتحدة والصين المتمثل بالهيمنة على حيز بحر الصين الجنوبي لا ينفصل عن استراتيجية الطرفين الشاملتين حول بقاء او تغيير النظام الدولي الحالي، ان الولايات المتحدة تسعى للمحافظة على الوضع القائم وترتيباته الأمنية وتوازن القوى الإقليمية في بحر الصين الجنوبي من ضمن استراتيجيتها الكونية الشاملة في منع أي تغيير يرتب تهديد لمصالحها في هذه المنطقة ولمكانتها العالمية، وفي المقابل تجتهد الصين في إحداث تغيير في محيطها الإقليمي يشكل انطلاق لتغييرات في أقاليم أخرى من العالم يرتقي الى مستويات التحولات الكبرى التي تدفع في تغيير النظام الدولي الحالي الأحادي القطب الى نظام جديد متعدد الأقطاب.The essence of the conflict between the United States and China over hegemony over the South China Sea is inseparable from the two sides' comprehensive strategy regarding the survival or change of the current international order. The United States seeks to maintain the status quo and its security arrangements, and the balance of regional powers in the South China Sea within its strategy. In return, China is striving to bring about a change in the vicinity of its region that constitutes the beginning of changes in other regions of the world that rises to the levels of major transformations that drive the change of the current unipolar international order into a one. New multipolar international order
The Expectations of Generation X & Y for Balancing Life and Work
No full textبعد ملاحظة تراجع الهياكل التنظيمية في الإدارات الحكومية وتراجع مواردها البشرية، ارتبطت هذه الظاهرة بفتح فرص التعيين لمواجهة البطالة المستمرة في العراق، ورغم أهمية هذا الدافع، فإن النظرة الاستراتيجية تستدعي تحديد هذه الهياكل وجهود تحسينها وتطويرها لتتناسب مع الأدوار الجديدة للمؤسسات الحكومية. يهدف هذا البحث إلى فهم أفضل لتحقيق الموازنة بين الحياة الشخصية والعملية الذي يتطلع إليه جيل الثمانينات والتسعينات من القرن العشرين عندما يتولون مواقع العمل. تُعرف الموازنة بين الحياة والعمل بأنها النسبة المثلى بين الوقت الذي يقضيه الفرد في العمل والوقت الذي يقضيه في غير موقع العمل. لقد استخدم الباحث عينة تضم 300 مشاركاً من مواليد الأعوام 1980 و 1993 استقصاءً تناول جوانب مختلفة من توقعاتهم الحالية والمستقبلية المتعلقة بتحقيق الموازنة بين الحياة والعمل، وقد وُجد أن هذا الجيل يتوقع أن يحصل على ساعات عمل مرنة، وهو على إستعداد للمشاركة في العمل عن بعد، وعموماً، تبين أن هذا الجيل يركز تركيزاً كبيراً في الحصول على الموازنة المثالية بين الحياة والعمل.After observing the decline of organizational structures in government administrations and the reduction of their human resources, this phenomenon became associated with the opening of job opportunities to confront the ongoing unemployment in Iraq. Despite the significance of this driving force, a strategic outlook necessitates identifying and improving these structures to align with the new roles of governmental institutions. This research aims to gain a better understanding of achieving work-life balance, which was sought by the generation of the 1980s and 1993s when they assumed job positions. Work-life balance is defined as the optimal ratio between the time an individual spends at work and the time spent outside of the workplace. The researchers utilized a sample of 300 participants born between 1980 and 1993 to conduct a survey that addressed various aspects of their current and future expectations regarding work-life balance. The findings indicate that this generation expects flexible working hours and is open to remote work opportunities. Overall, it appears that this generation places a significant emphasis on attaining the ideal work-life balance