Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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Application of Support Vector Machines Kernel Functions for Breast Cancer Detection and Classification: A Comparative Study
No full textThis study deals with the linear, polynomial, and radial basis function (RBF) kernel-based support vector machines (SVM) applied to the classification of breast cancer. It checks the efficiency of different kernel-based techniques for distinguishing benign and malignant tumors against medical datasets. This analysis is conducted on the public Wisconsin Breast Cancer Dataset borrowed from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, which consists of 569 cases, 357 benign and 212 malignant. It aims to develop the assessment necessary for each Kernel based on its accuracy, precision, recall, computational efficiency, F1 score, and area under the curve (AUC). The outcome reveals that, in general, the polynomial Kernel will provide top-ranking results across the various features, thereby enhancing accuracy (96.84%), specificity (97.76%), and AUC (0.9966) compared to the linear and RBF kernels for use in disease classifications of cancers. These findings indicate that the polynomial kernel adeptly captures complex, non-linear data relationships, making it a strong candidate for developing more accurate SVM-based breast cancer detection models
Adopting Discrete Wavelet Transformation with Mean Time Between Failure to Design a New Quality Control Chart
No full textThis study’s goal was to design a new individual observation chart for quality control by utilizing the discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) approach to calculate the mean time between reliability failures. The new chart’s effectiveness was demonstrated by comparing it to a classical chart. This aspect is crucial in addition to the conclusion that the production process is under control for both charts, with the new chart exhibiting a reduced standard deviation. The study’s main focus was on a new area for device monitoring and defect detection, which involves halting production and eliminating any potential causes of defects. One of the main elements that aid in achieving the goals of predictive maintenance is the individual control chart based on the mean time between failures with DWT of the operating time between failures
Artificial Intelligence in Social Media: Opportunities and Perspectives
Get PDFThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into social media platforms has revolutionized how individuals and organizations interact, communicate, and consume information. This literature review explores the multifaceted opportunities and challenges presented by AI in social media. It examines AI-driven technologies such as natural language processing, computer vision, and machine learning in the context of content moderation, personalized recommendations, sentiment analysis, and user engagement. In addition, the review discusses ethical concerns, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential for misinformation dissemination. By analyzing existing research and real-world applications, this paper highlights the transformative potential of AI in enhancing social media experiences while emphasizing the need for responsible and transparent AI development. The review concludes with perspectives on future trends, such as the rise of generative AI and its implications for content creation and authenticit
Exploring Online and Offline Factors Influencing Employee Motivation and Performance in Iraqi SMEs
Get PDFThis study examines the impact of online and offline factors on employee productivity and performance within the SME enterprises in Iraq. The study aims to evaluate how digital tools, training, remote work, and communication platforms as an online factor, as well as work environment, leadership, team dynamics, and physical conditions as an offline factors, influence employee performance. Additionally, the role of employee motivation as a mediating factor between these factors. A quantitative methodology was utilized, gathering data from 180 employees of SMEs across several sectors in Baghdad and Erbil using a structured survey. This sample encompasses many divisions within the SME sector, reflecting a comprehensive overview of employee viewpoints regarding elements influencing motivation and performance. The analysis is conducted using Smart PLS to test the structural equation model (SEM), assessing both direct and indirect relationships. The finding shows online and offline factors have significant effect on on employee motivation and performance, while the two indirect hypotheses showed a mediating effect of employee motivation on the relationship between workplace factors and employee performance. The findings are expected to provide insights into how online and offline workplace factors, along with employee motivation, contribute to overall employee performance in Iraq's working in SME enterprises, offering valuable recommendations for improving productivity and efficiency in the industry and in the context of Iraqi enterprise
Fungal Contamination of Automobile Air Conditioner System with Reference to Aqueous Extract Effect of Dodonaea viscosa on Aspergillus fumigatus
No full textOne of the indoor environments where people spend a lot of time these days is public and private transportation, and there is more and more attention to explaining the correlation between human health and indoor air quality in transportation. The present investigation aims to identify the fungus species in car cooling dispensers and quantify the antifungal efficacy of an aqueous crude extract derived from Dodonaea viscosa leaves and seeds against Aspergillus flavus. Fifty swab samples were obtained in 8 h and then they were cultivated on Sabourad’s dextrose agar medium. The emerging fungi were Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., Ulocladum spp., Alternaria spp., and white and black mycelia. The occurrence, frequency, and importance value index were counted. The predominant isolate was A. fumigatus (importance value index = 36.2). In vitro, fungal growth suppression was evaluated using the hot water extract of D. viscosa seeds and leaves. 20% and 40% (w/v) concentrations were made. The results showed that seed extract (40%) presented the highest activity against the predominant isolate Aspergillus fumigatus
The Portrayal of Female Leadership in Caryl Churchill’s Top Girls
Get PDFThis study is an attempt to discuss the notion of feminism in Caryl Churchill’s Top Girls (1982). The plot mainly surrounds the success of women in a society in which they had been considered as the second sex, as described by the French feminist figure Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex (1949). Her theories on feminism and gender roles have been continuously applied to interpreting literary texts. Therefore, this article tries to integrate de Beauvoir’s theory on feminism into Top Girls. It explores how different generations of women are presented in the play and the way they have struggled with patriarchal rules. Moreover, it tries to explore how the play discusses the themes of; sisterhood, motherhood, abortion, socialism, and capitalism. The study shows how women are perceived in society when they choose a career over motherhood. It discusses the main character’s role as she reaches the top of her career, despite all the obstacles she faces as a female in a patriarchal society
Public Confidence in Commercial Banks in the Kurdistan Region: The Impact of Trust, Institutional Culture, Security and Government Role
No full textThis study examines the key determinants influencing public confidence in the banking sector of the Kurdistan Region. Using a quantitative descriptive survey involving 122 respondents, the research investigates four main factors: Fear of losing money, weak banking culture, security concerns, and political instability while acknowledging the overarching role of government support and regulatory effectiveness. Regression analysis revealed that all four determinants negatively affect public confidence, with fear of losing money emerging as the most influential factor. The findings highlight that restoring confidence requires improving institutional performance, enhancing financial literacy, and stabilizing the political and security environment. The study provides a holistic framework suited to post-conflict regions and offers actionable recommendations for policymakers and banking institutions
The Role of Social Media in Raising Awareness among University Students about the Anfal Genocide
No full textجینۆسایدی ئەنفال یەکێکە لە تاوانە تراژیدییەکانی مێژووی کورد کە لە كۆتاییەكانی سەدەی بیستەم و بەدیاریكراوی لە ساڵی 1988 لەلایەن ڕژێمی پێشووی عێراقەوە ئەنجام درا. ئەم تاوانە بەرامبەر گەلی کورد کاریگەرییەکی قووڵی لەسەر کۆمەڵگەی کوردی جێهێشتووە، بەڵام هێشتا ئاستی هۆشیاریی کەسانی جیاواز، بەتایبەتی چینی قوتابیان، دەربارەی ئەم پرسە مێژووییە سنووردارە یان کەمە. ئەم توێژینەوەیە هەوڵ دەدات لەم کێشەیە بکۆڵێتەوە لەڕێگەی دیاریکردنی کاریگەریی سۆشیال میدیا، جۆری ناوەڕۆکەکان، هەروەها پلاتفۆرمە جیاوازە بەكارهاتووەكان لەلایەن قوتابیانی زانكۆوە. توێژینەوەكە ڕێبازی وەسفی-ڕووپێوی بەكارهێناوە و كۆمەڵگەی توێژینەوەکە لە سەرجەم قوتابیانی زانکۆی جیهان-هەولێر بۆ ساڵی خوێندنی 2024-2025 پێکهاتووە. سامپڵی توێژینەوەکەش بریتییە لە 175 قوتابی لە بەشە جیاوازەکان كە بەشێوەی مەبەستدار هەڵبژێردراون. لە گرنگترین ئەو ئەنجامانەی كە توێژەران پێی گەیشتوون، سۆشیال میدیا ڕۆڵێکی بەرچاوی هەیە لە بەرزکردنەوەی ئاستی هۆشیاریی قوتابیانی زانکۆ دەربارەی جینۆسایدی ئەنفال، بەوپێیەی زۆربەی بەشداربووان ڕووبەڕووی ناوەڕۆکی پەیوەست بە جینۆسایدی ئەنفال دەبنەوە لە سۆشیال میدیادا و بە سەرچاوەی سەرەکی زانیارییەکانیان دەزانن. ناوەڕۆکی بینراو، بەتایبەتی وێنەی مێژوویی و چیرۆکی کەسیی، کاریگەرترین فۆرماتن بۆ تێگەیشتن لە جینۆسایدی ئەنفال. لە كۆتایی توێژینەوەكەشدا چەند پێشنیار و ڕاسپاردەیەك خراونەتەڕوو.The Anfal Genocide is one of the tragic crimes in Kurdish history, carried out in the late twentieth century, specifically in 1988, by the former Iraqi regime. This crime against the Kurdish people has left a profound impact on Kurdish society. However, the level of awareness among different individuals, particularly university students, about this historical issue remains limited or low. This research attempts to examine this problem by identifying the impact of social media, the types of content, as well as the various platforms used by university students. The study employed a descriptive-survey methodology, and the research population consisted of all students at Cihan University-Erbil for the academic year 2024-2025. The research sample comprised 175 students from various departments, selected purposively. Among the most important findings reached by the researchers is that social media plays a significant role in raising awareness among university students about the Anfal Genocide, as the majority of participants encounter content related to the Anfal Genocide on social media and consider it their primary source of information. Visual content, particularly historical images and personal stories, are the most effective formats for understanding the Anfal Genocide. At the end of the research, several recommendations and suggestions were presented
Evaluation of Pineal Gland in Patients with Schizophrenia
No full textRecent advancements in neuroimaging techniques have facilitated the identification of numerous structural brain alterations associated with schizophrenia, potentially serving as valuable biomarkers. This study aimed to explore the volumetric changes in the pineal gland correlated with schizophrenia symptoms, employing standard brain segmentation methodologies. The study encompassed 135 participants, comprising 82 controls and 53 patients, all of whom provided voluntary consent. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was conducted using the magnetization prepared rapid acquisition protocol, and the acquired images were processed through BrainSuite software. Statistical analysis was done to determine the significance of volumetric differences in the pineal gland between patients and controls. In addition, it assessed any correlations with demographic variables, such as age and sex. The control group’s mean age was 29.28 ± 6.03, while the patient group was 31.32 ± 6.44. No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of sex or age distribution, with P = 0.583 and 0.064, respectively. The average pineal gland volume in patients with schizophrenia was 48.82 ± 20.39 cm3, markedly lower than the 64.23 ± 26.51 cm3 observed in controls. The findings indicate that individuals with schizophrenia possess smaller pineal glands compared to the general population. It is concluded that MRI is a viable tool for assessing structural brain changes linked to schizophrenia, and the pineal gland may play a contributory role in the disease’s pathogenesis
Moderating Effect of Application of Accounting Technology on Audit Quality: Empirical Evidence from Southwest, Nigeria
No full textThis study examines the moderating effect of accounting technology (AT) on audit quality. Primary data were sourced from hundred and fourteen auditors in private practice using a questionnaire drawn on a four-point Likert scale. Both the internal reliability and validity of the instrument were established. Three hundred and eighty-nine participants filled and returned, while three hundred and sixty two were found valid for the study and subjected to analysis using a regression model to test hypotheses one and two while the third hypothesis was subjected to LSM-SEM. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive significant (R2 = 0.554, Pvalue = 0.000) moderating effect of AT on the technical quality of audits and on the service quality of audits (R2 = 0.840, p-value = 0.000). The joint moderating effect of AT was found to have a substantial, positive, and significant effect (adjusted R2 of 0.849, Pvalue = 0.000) on audit quality, while Q2 of 0.540 established the fact that there is a large degree of relevance of the structural model employed for the joint effect. It is therefore recommended that standard-setting boards provide the necessary guidelines to drive audit quality in this era of accounting technology. Additionally, there is a need to conduct studies with a wider scope across regions