Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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A Psycholinguistic Sight on Autonomous Learners in Language Learning: Cihan University-Erbil as a Case Study
No full textIn the last two decades, autonomous learning has received an obvious concern from specialists in the field of education particularly in higher education in Western universities. Autonomous learners have been characterized as those learners who adopt certain strategies to help them get their own learning. In Europe, an autonomous learner has formally become part of the language education and language assessment domain. In this sense, and as a lecturer at Cihan University-Erbil, it has been noticed by the researcher that some students learn dependently whereas others are autonomous, self-dependent on their efforts to achieve a better learning outcome by the motivation they have to be positive participants with their English Language instructor through language learning classes. The purpose of this research is to investigate and develop learners' autonomy under the willingness and ability for second language learning in the higher education context. This is achieved in order to know to what extent students are aware of autonomous learning and what should they do to become successful autonomous learners. In this small-scale research, both qualitative and quantitative methods have been utilized in order to investigate and consider this phenomenon thoroughly from a psycholinguistic point of view. The results show that the majority of students are not autonomous learners as most of them depend on their instructors for learning English as a second language. This research comprises four sections. Section one is the introduction. Section two reviews some historical backgrounds and definitions. The third one illustrates the research methodology, questions, participants, and data collection. The fourth section accounts for a discussion of the findings of the study in addition to the conclusion at the end of the study
Assessment of Minor Disorders among Pregnant Women Attending Malafandi Primary Health Care Centre/Erbil-City
No full textMinor disorder are the discomforts as associated with the pregnancy such as nausea, vomiting, backache, heart burn, constipation, varicose vein, haemorrhoids, frequency of urination, fatigue, and leg cramps. Many women experience some minor disorder during pregnancy; these discomforts should be adequately as they may occur due to hormonal changes and postural changes. The aim of this study was to assess the minor disorder among pregnant women. A descriptive study was conducted in Malafandi Primary Health Care Centre, in December 2020 to January 2021, one hundred pregnant were taken and the data were collected by direct interview. The highest percentage of them within age group between 25–34 years old, graduated from high school with middle economic status. All of them had minor disorders as nausea and vomiting, backache, heart burn, leg cramps, varicose vein, haemorrhoids, fatigue, frequency of urination, constipation, and loss of appetite. There is a statistical significant association between age group with nausea and vomiting, and haemorrhoids (P- value ≤ 0.001 and 0.002 respectively). The findings of this study indicated that most common minor disorder in pregnancy came from fatigue while the lowest came from constipation
The Lack of Legal Actions in Common Law
No full textبعث فكرة إنعدام التصرفات القانونية في إطار القانون الخاص، و منه إنتقلت الى القسم العام من القانون، كالقانون الدستوري و القانون الاداري و حتى في إطار القوانين الإجرائية. إلا أنه سرعان ما تلاشت الفكرة في إطار القانون المدني، و أكتفى غالبية الفقه بالاعتماد على التقسيم الثنائي للبطلان و هي البطلان النسبي و المطلق. بعد أن كان يعتمد على التقسيم الثلاثي للبطلان وهو البطلان النسبي والمطلق وإنعدام التصرفات القانونية. وفي مجال القانون الدستوري فمع أن جانباً من الفقه أخذ به، إلا أنه لم يبقى للفكرة وجود في اطار القانون الدستوري، إلا أن القانون الاداري أخذ على عاتقه تطوير فكرة الانعدام، من حيث الطعن و المدد القانونية، و ظلت هذه الفكرة راسخة في إطار القانون الاداري حتى مع عدم وجود نصوص قانونية ينظم ذلك ، و الذي أخذ على القضاء الاداري على عاتقه تطوير ذلك. و في مجال المرافعات الادارية فإن القضاء قد نظم فكرة إنعدام الاحكام القضائية بكونها فكرة قائمة. فالإنعدم في مجال القانون الإداري وبالأخص في إطار القرار الإداري هو عدم إمكانية ترتيب آثار قانونية على القرار الإداري وإعتباره في مصاف الأعمال المادية، وبالتالي فهي غير قابل للتصحيح، ويجوز الطعن في القرار الاداري المنعدم دون التقييد بمواعيد الطعن المقررة للقرارات الإدارية. فإنعدام التصرفات القانونية هو عدم ترتيب الأثر القانوني للتصرفات وغير قابلة للإجازة و لا التعديل.The idea of the lack of legal actions within the framework of private law, and from it moved to the general section of the law, such as constitutional law and administrative law and even in the framework of procedural laws. However, the idea quickly faded within the framework of civil law, and the majority of jurisprudence contented itself with relying on the binary division of invalidity, which is relative and absolute invalidity. After it was based on the triple division of invalidity, which is relative and absolute invalidity and the lack of legal actions. In the field of constitutional law, although some jurisprudence was adopted, the idea no longer existed within the framework of constitutional law. However, administrative law took upon itself the development of the idea of nullity, in terms of appeal and legal terms, and this idea remained firmly established within the framework of administrative law. Even with the absence of legal texts regulating this, the administrative judiciary took it upon itself to develop it. In the field of administrative pleadings, the judiciary has regulated the idea of the absence of judicial rulings as an existing idea. The non-existence in the field of administrative law, especially in the framework of the administrative decision, is the inability to arrange legal effects on the administrative decision and to consider it in the ranks of material actions, and therefore it is not subject to correction. The lack of legal actions is the failure to arrange the legal effect of actions and is not subject to authorization or modification
The Opinion and Awareness of Citizens on the Commitment of Bakers, Butchers, and Food Sellers to Health Instructions and their Application during COVID-19 Outbreak
No full textMany countries follow the recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) by practicing physical gathering avoidance as one health measure to decrease COVID-19 the spread. The current study identifies the opinions and awareness of citizens about the commitments of workers (bakers, butchers, and food sellers) to health instructions and prevention. This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in different premises in Kurdistan Region-Iraq from 20.9.2021 to 20.4.2022 using online platforms and printed forms. The study included socio-demographic characteristics, citizens' opinions, and commitment related-questions. A thousand copies were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the majority of citizens have positive opinions and awareness and agreed that workers (bakers, butchers, and food sellers) are committed to COVID-19 regulations. There was a significant correlation between the variables of opinions and awareness of the commitments of workers to the prevention of COVID-19. All professional workers have a good obligation to prevention from COVID-19 so that the population in the Erbil city has accepted those workers to deal with food and meat and with complete prevention from Covid-19. These perfect commitments of workers to prevention may help to break down the chain of COVID-19 infection which consequently reduces mortality and morbidity rate
Investigation Light Curve Analysis for Short Period Eclipsing Binary CN Andromeda
No full textIn this article research, drawing and analyzing the light curve of short period binary (SPB) star CN Andromeda (CN And) with B, V, R, and I. Light curve fitting and results for the trajectory parameters of the CN And were obtained and compared with those obtained by previous works. The author will determine the size, luminosity and masse of the Individual star as well as the orbital size and orientation of the binary system. Also calculate the bolometric magnitude, reflection coefficient and absolute parameters for short period binary star. These coefficients are needed when analyzing light curves for eclipsing binary stars analyzed to facilitate getting numerical values for their relative and absolute characteristics. Some parameters are also fixed or calculated during light curve modeling. The graph of the dimmer binary luminosity in one complete orbital period is known as light curve. Furthermore, calculating the bolometric magnitude, reflection coefficients, armpit, and absolute parameters for CN, and these terms are very important for understanding the properties of CN And
Teaching and Learning Phonetics Obstacles in EFL Classrooms: Cihan University-Erbil
No full text This study aims at finding out the main obstacles lecturers face in teaching pronunciation. It also sheds light on the stumbling blocks in pronunciation faced by EFL freshmen students at the departments of English and Translation, faculty of Arts and Letters, Cihan University-Erbil. The students at both departments study Phonetics at first stage over two semesters, so they have encountered different problems. Besides, this study tries to shed light on the main reasons lead to. The instruments used to accomplish this study are mainly two; observation and examining students on the transcription of monosyllabic and multisyllabic words. The freshmen are examined verbally and non-verbally on the consonants, short and long vowels, diphthongs, and triphthongs. Their answers have been analyzed following Sbss. The outcomes of this study reveal that some sounds are difficult to be taught due to their absence in the native language and the difficulty to deliver them to students. Moreover, it figures out which sounds are difficult for students to learn. In addition, this study also tends to pinpoint the reasons behind mispronunciation. The causes include mother tongue interference, demotivation, decontextualization, less trained lecturers, and others
Incitement to Commit Suicide in the Iraqi Penal Code
No full textهدف البحث للكشف عن تفاصيل هذه الجريمة وبيان أركانها وبيان العقوبة المقررة لها وحالات تطبيق هذه العقوبة، ومعالجة قضية مجتمعية مهمة متعلقة بأحد أهم المقاصد المعتبرة في كل الشرائع وهي حفظ النفس، من خلال معرفة مفهوم الانتحار وكذلك مفهوم التحريض عليه والتعرف على أركان هذه الجريمة في قانون العقوبات العراقي. اعتمد الباحث في منهجيته البحثية على المنهج التحليلي الوصفي فقام بتحليل النظام القانوني لجريمة التحريض على الانتحار في التشريع العراقي التي اهتمت بهذه الجريمة. توصل الباحث إلى أن فهم السياق التاريخي لظاهرة الانتحار يساعد لفهم التداعيات القانونية لجريمة التحريض أو المساعدة على الانتحار وإن انتشار ظاهرة الانتحار له تأثير سلبي على المجتمع ويهدد تماسكه، مما يعرض للخطر مكوناته الحيوية وكذلك جميع جوانب الحياة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية، كما توصل إلى أنه بموجب المادة (408) من قانون العقوبات، نص القانون العراقي على تجريم الإلهام أو المساعدة على الانتحار ومع ذلك، لم يشر إلى ما يشكل تحريضًا أو مساعدة على الانتحار، وترك الأمر للفقه.وأوصى الباحث بأن يعاقب الجاني (المحرض) أو الشريك أو الشخص الذي تسبب في حدوث هذه الجريمة لمجرد قبوله دعما لنشاطه الإجرامي، سواء ارتكبت الجريمة أم لا، بسبب الخطر الجنائي الذي تشكله هذه الجريمة على الضحية والمجتمع.The aim of the research is to reveal the details of this crime, its elements, the punishment prescribed and the cases of application of this punishment, and to address an important societal issue related to one of the most important purposes considered in all laws, which is self-preservation, by knowing the concept of suicide as well as the concept of incitement to it and identifying the elements of this crime in the law Iraqi sanctions. The researcher relied on the analytical descriptive approach, so he analyzed the legal system for the crime of incitement to commit suicide in the Iraqi legislation that focused on this crime .The researcher concluded that understanding the historical context of the phenomenon of suicide helps to understand the legal repercussions of the crime of inciting or aiding suicide, and that the spread of the phenomenon of suicide has a negative impact on society and threatens its cohesion, which endangers its vital components as well as all aspects of economic, social and political life. (408) of the Penal Code, the Iraqi law stipulates the criminalization of inspiring or assisting suicide, however, it did not refer to what constitutes incitement or assistance to suicide, leaving the matter to jurisprudence. The researcher recommended that the perpetrator (instigator), partner or person who caused the occurrence of this crime simply because he accepted support for his criminal activity, whether the crime was committed or not, due to the criminal danger that this crime poses to the victim and society
Exploring the Strategies of Translating Cultural References in Kurdish Subtitling: A Case Study
No full textThe current study investigates the strategies of translating cultural references applied in the Kurdish subtitles of the American movie entitled ‘Scent of a Woman’. This research also determines the parameters that affect the application of translation strategies in the Kurdish subtitles on the movie. In doing so, the English audio scripts (i.e., source text) and their Kurdish subtitles (i.e., target text), were compared and interpreted in accordance with Pedersen’s taxonomy of subtitling strategies and parameters (2011). The results revealed that all the translation strategies proposed by Pedersen (2011) were used in the Kurdish subtitles. However, due to the consideration of the ‘monocultural parameter’, the subtitler most frequently used the strategy of retention in the Kurdish subtitles. On the other hand, he used the strategies of omission and official equivalence least frequently. It is also shown that the parameters affecting the application of subtitling strategies were monocultural, transcultural, infracultural, and polyesemiotics. In sum, the cultural differences between SL and TL made the subtitler adopt justifiable strategies depending on availability of specific parameters
Powers to Conclude International Treaties in the Constitutions of Federal States
No full textتشكل مسألة صلاحيات إبرام المعاهدات الدولية في دساتير الدول الفيدرالية، مسألة مهمة من حيث السلطات التي يخول لها الدستور بصلاحية إبرام المعاهدات و الاتفاقيات الدولية، فالمعاهدات الدولية التي تبرمها الدولة مهما كان نوعها فهي تعبير عن مصالحها يتطلب توحيد جهود الدولة، كما أنه التزام قانوي ينتج عنه مسؤولية قانونية دولية في حالة مخالفته. و لقد تركت قواعد القانون الدولي العام لدساتير الدول السلطة المختصة بالتصديق النهائي للالتزام بالمعاهدة. وبذلك يكون لدستور الاتحادي في الدولة الفيدرالية دورا مهما في تحديد طبيعة الشخصية الدولية للدولة الفيدرالية ومكوناتها؛ عندما توزع الاختصاصات بين الحكومة المركزية ومكونات الاتحاد .The issue of the powers to conclude international treaties in the constitutions of federal states is an important issue in terms of the powers that the constitution gives them the power to conclude international treaties and agreements. International legal responsibility in case of violation. And the rules of public international law have left the constitutions of states the authority to final ratify compliance with the treaty. Thus, the federal constitution in the federal state has an important role in determining the nature of the international character of the federal state and its components. When competencies are distributed between the central government and the components of the federation
Converting a DJI Tello Quadcopter into a Face-follower Machine Using the Haar Cascade with PID Controller
No full textDrones have been frequently used for photography in recent years at significantly cheaper rates. However, the most modern drones are exceedingly error-prone and require precise manual control to take high-quality photos or films. We suggest using the AI method of Haar cascades with a PID controller to give drones vision, enabling them to do autonomous tracking and detection. This project aims to improve photography fields. The proposed system tries to detect the face and track the person's movements. This system will help photographers and journalists upgrade their work, even if it is used in surveillance and the military. The algorithm's results show that the DJI Tello tiny drone's camera is capable of detecting and tracking faces. The micro drone was picked since it is lightweight and compact, making its use safe and enabling testing to take place inside. Additionally, the DJI Tello may be easily programmed using Python. The position of the drone is contrasted with the set point in the center of the image to identify errors, allowing control signals for calculating forward/backwards, right/left, and yaw movements. The proposed system results show that the drone can detect and track the face very well, and the PID values are stable