Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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The Digital Uses in the Transnational Organized Crime System: Digital Currencies as an Example
No full textمنظومة الجرائم المنظمة قد دخلت العالم المتقدم والتكنلوجيا المتداخلة في ميادين الحياة البشرية من أوسع أبوابها، فلابد للمشرع الجنائي والمنظومة العدلية عموماً أن تواكب هذا التسارع غير معزول عن التطورات في ميادين العملات الرقمية أو أي جزئية أخرى من منتجات التقدم الرقمي والذكاء الاصطناعي، وتدخل بقراراته وتشريعاته من باب التعامل مع النتائج أو الحيطة والحذر من النتائج المحتملة، تهدف الورقة هذه التركيز على ماهية الاستخدامات الرقمية للعملات المشفرة في السلوكيات الاجرامية المختلفة وبصورة خاصة الجرائم المنظمة عبر الوطنية، وبيان منطلق الموقف الرسمي سواء على المستوى التشريعي أو الإداري و التنفيذي في التعامل مع العملات الرقمية خاصة في المؤسسات المالية، فليس بالإمكان تجاهل المنظومة التشريعية في عدم ابداء الموقف من هذا الواقع والانتشار المتزايد، فلابد من الإشارة إلى حقيقة الصراع بين السلطة وهيمنتها على النقد وإصدارها وإصدار النقد والتحكم بقيمتها من قبل الأفراد مباشرة دون التدخل من السلطة أو مؤسسات الدولة والمصرفية. منهجية البحث تكمن في التحليل والدراسة المعمقة في الدوافع والفلسفة التي تقف وراء إساءة استخدام العملات الرقمية، أو بالأحرى الدوافع التي تشجع الجناة على دخول عالم تكنلوجيا البلوكشين واستخدام العملات الرقمية في أعمالهم الإجرامية، فيجب على المشرع الجنائي على المستوى الدولي والمحلي أن يواجهوا المخاطر المحتملة لهذه الاستخدامات وإيجاد منظومة قانونية متكاملة منسقة بين الدول والمؤسسات المالية المعنية على المستوى العالم.
The organized crime system has entered the developed world and the intertwined technology in the fields of human life from its widest gates. The criminal legislator and the justice system in general must keep pace with this acceleration, not isolated from developments in the fields of digital currencies or any other part of the products of digital progress and artificial intelligence. Interfering with its decisions and legislation in terms of dealing with the results or being careful and wary of the possible results. This paper aims to focus on what the digital uses of encrypted currencies are in various criminal behaviors, especially transnational organized crimes, and to indicate the starting point of the official position, whether at the legislative, administrative and executive levels in dealing with digital currencies, especially in financial institutions, it is not possible to ignore the legislative system in not expressing its position on this reality and the increasing prevalence. It is necessary to point out the reality of the conflict between power and its dominance over cash and its issuance and issuance of cash and control of its value by individuals directly without interference from the authority or state institutions. and banking. The research methodology lies in the analysis and in-depth study of the motives and philosophy behind the misuse of digital currencies, or rather the motives that encourage offenders to enter the world of blockchain technology and use digital currencies in their criminal activities, so the criminal legislator at the international and local levels must face the potential risks of these uses And the creation of an integrated legal system coordinated between the concerned countries and financial institutions at the global level.
 
Modification of Adomian Decomposition Method to Solve Two Dimensions Volterra Integral Equation Second Kind
No full textIn this work, the adomian decomposition method is proposed for the first time to solve problems in two-dimensional Volterra Integral equations of the second kind. In addition, modification of this method is introduced to address this problem. Several new theorems are introduced and proven regarding contractive mapping and uniform convergence to support the method. Numerical problems are solved using the software Matlab to obtain results and demonstrate the efficiency and simplicity of the technique. The modified Adomian decomposition method performs faster than the adomian decomposition method for obtaining results
Knowledge and Awareness Towards Food Drug Interaction Among Pharmacists in Erbil City
No full textIn the evolving landscape of healthcare, understanding the potential interactions between pharmaceutical drugs and food is imperative yet often overlooked. This study aimed to assess pharmacists' knowledge of food-drug interactions (FDI) in Erbil city, focusing on comprehension, risk factors, counseling practices, and familiarity with drug databases. Conducted through a survey-based approach, the research involved 100 pharmacists from varying educational backgrounds, sampled purposively from Doctors Street in Erbil. Data collection occurred over two months via a self-administered questionnaire comprising 34 questions covering basic FDI awareness and advanced topics. Results indicate a correlation between higher education levels and a deeper understanding of FDI, particularly in recognizing specific drug-nutrient interactions. Nonetheless, knowledge gaps persist, underscoring the complexity of FDI comprehension. Intriguingly, pharmacists with institute certificates exhibited nuanced understanding in certain scenarios, challenging assumptions about the linear relationship between education and awareness. The study emphasizes the necessity for targeted interventions in pharmaceutical education to address these nuances effectively. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on FDI awareness among pharmacists, highlighting the importance of continuous education to ensure optimal patient care, treatment efficacy, and safety
The Domestic Developments and their Impact on Security Stability in Central Asia after 2001
No full text ئهم توێژینهوهیه تیشك دەخاتە سەر گرنگى پەرەپێدانە ناوخۆییەکان و گرنگیان لە ناوچەیەکی جوگرافی گرنگی جیهان ، ئهویش ئاسیاى ناوهراستە ، وێراى ئهوهى كه ناوچهیهكى پهنگخواردووى جوگرافییه له دیدگاى جوگرافیناسانهوه بهوهى كه ناكهوێته سهر هیچ دهریایهكى كراوهو و خاوهن دهرچهى ئاوى كراوهنییه بهلام ناوچهیهكى گرنگى جیۆ سیاسیی و ستراتییژیی گرنگه لهو روانگهیهى دهكهوێته چهقى دڵى جیهانهوه و هاوسنووره لهگهڵ چهندان دهوڵهتى خاوهن ههژموون وكاریگهریی ناو سیستهمى نێودهوڵهتی . وێستگهیهكى گرنگى پێكهوهبهستنى ئاسیا و ئهوروپایه ، به بارێكى دیكهدا وێستگهیهكى گرنگى پهیوهندى رۆژههلاتى ناوهراسته به ئهوروپاوه. ئاسیاى ناوهڕاست جیا له باره جیۆپۆلۆتیكیهكهى ناوچهیهكى گرنگى جیۆ ئیكۆنۆمییه ، دهولهمهنده بهسامانى سروشتى و جۆرهها كانزا ، لهگهڵ ئهو دهوڵهتهكانى ئهم ناوچه جوگرافییه دهوڵهتى تازه لهدایك بوون ، تهمهنى سهربهخۆبوونیان له سێ دهیه تێپهرناكات ، به واتایهكى دیكه ههڵگرى گرفتى بونیادین لهوهى كۆمهڵگهى نایهكانگیرى كۆمهلایهتین و خاوهن سیستهمێكى سیاسی جێگیر نیین ، ئابوورى و كایهى سیاسیی ئهم ناوچهیه له دۆخێكى شلۆق دایه ، تهواوى دهولهتهكانى ، ویراى جیاوازى ئاستیان ، بهقۆناغى راگوزهر دا گوزهردهكهن.This research sheds light on the importance of domestic development in a remarkable geographical region of the world, which is Central Asia. Although it is a closed geographical area from the geographers’ perspective since it does not fall on any open sea, it is an important geopolitical and strategic area at the heart of the world and borders with many dominant and influential countries in the international world system. It is also an important link between Asia and Europe as well as an important link between the Middle East and Europe. Central Asia, despite the fact that it is a geopolitical area, is an important geo-economic region rich with natural resources and different minerals, and the countries are in the process of developing since their independences do not exceed three decades. In other words, Middle east countries have political and social instability and, despite their differences, they have a fragile economy
A Philosophical View on Love and the Concept of Soulmates in Paulo Coelho’s Brida
No full textPaulo Coelho’s novel Brida (1990) takes readers on a transformative journey of self-discovery and spiritual exploration. This paper delves into the novel’s profound themes of love, the protagonist’s quest for personal authenticity and the concept of soulmate. Brida, the young and curious protagonist, embarks on a voyage to uncover her true self and find her place in the realm of magic and spirituality. Throughout her encounters with wise mentors and spiritual experiences. This abstract examines how the concept of soulmate and love intertwines with Brida’s self-discovery, allowing her to shed societal constraints and discover her authentic identity. By analyzing the novel with applying Jean Paul Satre’s philosophical theories concerning love and existentialism. The study focuses on intricate narrative and poignant insights, it sheds light on the transformative power of finding the love for the being and the profound impact of self-discovery on one’s journey towards personal authenticity.
 
The Protective Rolls of Taraxacum officinale against Carbone Tetrachloride Infarction in the Liver
No full textCarbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a liquid that is colorless, transparent, inflammable, and volatile. Its central carbon atom is surrounded by four Cl- atoms. As a result, the objective of this effort was to estimate the anti-oxidant properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) made utilizing aqueous plant extracts from Taraxacum officinale leaves. A green synthesis of AgNPs using a synergistic aqueous extract from T. officinale leaves was tested against liver damage in rats caused by CCl4. The rats were randomly distributed into seven groups: Group 1: Control group, Group 2: Olive oil group, Group 3: AgNPs-treated group (100 mg/kg BW.), Group 4: AgNPs-treated group (200 mg/kg BW.), Group 5: CCl4 + Olive oil group, Group 6: (CCl4 + Olive Oil) + 100 mg/kg of AgNPs-treated group, and Group 7: (CCl4 + Olive oil) + 200 mg/kg of AgNPs-treated group one a week for 6 weeks. This study demonstrated a sustainable method for synthesizing AgNPs utilizing T. officinale leaf (TOL) extract. To characterize the synthesized T. officinale leaf-silver nanoparticles (TOL-AgNPs), various microscopic and spectroscopic methods were used. The effectiveness of the biosynthesized TOL-AgNPs against CCl4 was tested to assess their antioxidant potential. The antioxidant properties of synthetic TOL-AgNPs were also evaluated. Histopathological research showed that all groups treated with nano-extract had less severe inflammatory responses. Our findings demonstrated that AgNPs synthesized using the leaves of T. officinale possess a potential anti-oxidant activity against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats
The Use of Clustering and Classification Methods in Machine Learning and Comparison of Some Algorithms of the Methods
No full textIn this article, two machine learning methods such as classification and clustering are used for decision tree (DT), artificial neural network (ANN), and K-nearest neighbors algorithms. The datasets were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the clustering method and the data mining tool. Weather data were used to compare algorithms and methods in the study. This study showed that the best model was DT according to accuracy and precision measures but the best model according to F-measure and receiver operating characteristic curve area measures was ANN. Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis, a data mining tool, is utilized in this paper to carry out the clustering
Difficulties of Simultaneous Interpreting from Translation Students' Perspective
No full textThe present study is a survey that explored the difficulties of simultaneous interpreting (SI) for translation students. The survey addressed the senior translation students in the Kurdistan Region, asking them about the troubles of SI from English into Kurdish or Arabic in the classrooms. Relying on the available models in interpreting studies reviewed by Pöchhacker (2004), this study assessed the students` difficulties in SI from the linguistic, cultural, cognitive, interactional, and translational aspects. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the students, covering the issues relevant to the cited dimensions. Sixty respondents participated in the survey, whose responses were statistically analyzed and discussed in this paper. The results revealed that the cognitive issues- i.e., comprehending fast speaking, concentration, memorization, controlling stress, encyclopedic knowledge, and strategic thinking- formed the highest degree of difficulty (22%) for the students. In sum, working on all aspects of SI should be emphasized by the translation teachers in the classroom to pave the way for developing the students` skills and abilities in these respects
The Extent to which the Tax Departments Depend on the Financial Statements Audited by the Chartered Accountant in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
No full textتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على مدى ثقة مراقب الدخل (المخمن) في البيانات المالية المدققة المقدمة إليه من قبل المكلف في اقليم كردستان و التعرف على أسباب رفض مراقب الدخل للبيانات المالية المدققة من قبل المحاسب القانوني, ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم القيام بدراسة ميدانية من خلال إنشاء استبانة تم توزيعها على عينة من مراقبي الدخل في مديرية ضريبة أرباح الشركات في أربيل, ومن ثم تحليل النتائج واختبار فرضيات البحث باستخدام البرنامج الإحصائي SPSS, وانتهى البحث إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها إعتبار استقلال مدقق الحسابات بمثابة العمود الفقري لمهنة التدقيق بصفة عامة، كما تبين وجود الكثير من العقبات والتهديدات التي تواجه استقلالية المحاسب القانوني مثل ضغوط المكلف على المحاسب القانوني باتجاه تحديد الأتعاب، وإقامة علاقات مالية بين المدقق والشركة المدَقَقة، أو قبول هدايا ذات أهمية من المكلف, و يعتبر التزام المحاسب القانوني بقواعد وآداب العمل المهني من العوامل المؤثرة في رفض البيانات المالية خاصة قيام المحاسب القانوني بجمع أدلة الإثبات اللازمة و بذل العناية المهنية اللازمة لفحص البيانات قبل إبداء الرأي فيها.This study aims to identify the extent of the income auditor's confidence (the evaluator) in the audited financial statements submitted to him by the taxpayer in the Kurdistan region and to identify the reasons for the income auditor's refusal of the audited financial statements by the chartered accountant. To achieve the objectives of the study, a field study was conducted by creating a questionnaire that was distributed to a sample of income controllers in the Corporate Profit Tax Directorate in Erbil, and then analyzing the results and testing the research hypotheses using the SPSS statistical program. The research concluded with the following results: The independence of the auditor is considered the backbone of the audit profession in general, and it was found that there are many obstacles and threats facing the independence of the chartered accountant, such as the taxpayer’s pressure on the chartered accountant towards determining fees, establishing financial relations between the auditor and the facility, or accepting Significant gifts from the taxpayer. The compliance of the certified accountant and the rules and ethics of professional work are among the factors affecting the rejection of the financial statements, especially the certified accountant collecting the necessary evidence and exerting the necessary professional care to examine the data before expressing an opinion on it
Electromagnetic Field Pollution Level Measurement for Mobile Phone Networks at Cihan University-Erbil
No full textThe health effects by impact of radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) have become of increasing concern. We conducted a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) study and measurements of wireless and mobile phone networks to evaluate the hazard of RF radiation limit. Our measurements have been carried out at different locations on the campus of Cihan University – Erbil. The RF strength level measurement of a base station on site was done by using spectrum analyzer with a dipole antenna and Electro Magnetic Field detector (EMF) application in the handsets for mobile networks, then comparing our measurements with the international slandered SAR’s levels.