Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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Deviation as Defamiliarization Technique in Written Igbo Poetry
No full textDeviation in the literary parlance occurs when a speaker or writer deviates from the normal rules and standards of a language. By breaking the rule of language, poets create art from the language that a language group is familiar with. Previous studies on written Igbo poetry (WIP) focused mainly on the content of WIP, with little attention paid to the language of the modern Igbo poets (MIP). Consequently, there is a dearth of research on how deviation occurs in African literatures. Therefore, through the lenses of Shklovsky’s defamiliarisation theory, this study examines WIP, with a view to describing the techniques used by MIP in achieving deviation, for the purpose of defamiliarising language in their works. Data consists of twenty poems randomly selected from eleven Igbo poetic texts, written between 1975, when WIP debuted to 2015, a period that marks the fourth decade of its existence. The poems studied were subjected to a qualitative analysis that focuses on the use of language to achieve deviation. Findings show that four types of deviation feature in WIP scene: syntactic, lexical, phonological and graphological. Syntactic deviation is achieved through the use of end-weight, focusing and topicalisation. Lexical deviation is the achieved through the use of coinages, lexical borrowing and dialectal deviation. Only apocope phonological deviation feature in WIP, while graphological deviation is done to ease pronunciation with a view to achieving rhythmic effect
Proposed Capability Indices Based on Robust Estimation Compared with Classical Capability Indices
No full textA process capability study is a scientific and systematic procedure that uses control charts to detect and eliminate the unnatural causes of variation until a state of statistical control is reached. On the other hand, in order to meet the quality requirements of the final product, quality should be achieved at every stage of production. Another way of achieving good quality during production is to use statistical techniques at every stage of production. The purpose of this research is to apply it to process capacity indices in replace of the standard deviation estimator. The information, which is taken from the Coca-Cola/Erbil production process, illustrates the qualities of the beverage (750 ml). A Coca-Cola product's 100 observations are divided into 25 models. Employed both the standard deviation estimator-based and the robust Downton estimation-based process capability indices. It was determined that in this inquiry, the robust Downton estimation had better qualities than the standard division estimator because the robust Downton estimation process capacity index values were greater
Oral Participation in Class, Problems, and Solutions: A Case Study of the English Department at Cihan University-Erbil
No full textIn this paper, the focus is on oral participation during lectures. Oral participation refers to the active engagement of learners in the lecture by speaking, asking, giving comments, and participating in pair or group discussions. The students are supposed to participate and practice the language to improve their speaking skills. The main question in this study is: Why students do not speak and engage during lectures? Hence, the aim of the paper is to find out the factors that affect their performance. In this study, the researcher examined the main reason behind the lack of participation of English Foreign Language students in the English department at Cihan University-Erbil to find solutions for improving their speaking skills. A questionnaire was prepared based on the most common reasons affecting class engagement and it was divided into four sections: Personal factors, the role of the teacher, environmental factors, and linguistic factors. The participants were students at the English department at Cihan University-Erbil. After conducting the questionnaire, the researcher had an interview with the students and their teachers. The results showed that there are many reasons and factors that hinder learners from speaking and turn them into passive listeners. The personal factors and the effect of the teachers were the most prominent factors that had an impact on the learner’s performance.
 
Assessing EFL Students Speaking in the classroom from Kurdish Instructors’ perspectives
No full textNowadays, students are required to improve their speaking skill more than any other language skill. Since, speaking skill is difficult to develop in EFL classes teachers need to use effective strategies to teach and assess this skill. A student's ability to speak is determined by their ability to explain something or express themselves verbally. This paper aims at finding out Kurdish instructors ‘perspectives on their role on assessing EFL students in the classroom and the strategies used for assessing speaking in EFL classes. This paper tries to find out an answer to the following question: what is the Instructor’s role in the assessment process? Moreover, what are the strategies for assessing speaking in EFL classes from instructors’ perspective? Furthermore, the paper has been limited to instructors of Cihan University-Erbil and Salahaddin University-Erbil for the academic year 2022-2023. The population was (21) instructors College of Language, Education and Basic Education. The data has been conducted by questionnaire, the Tool adopted for analyzing the data is SPSS. It is concluded that the most common strategies applied by the instructors in assessment of speaking sessions were direct question and answer, interview and storytelling. Moreover, the data analysis presented that the main role that majority of the instructors gave importance to were objective assessment and rubric, taking into consideration the students interest in the topic, and the content of the conversation or discussion in addition to the interaction.
 
Personal Digital Marketing Influence on Successful Marketing Campaign in Today’s Digital Age
No full textPersonal digital marketing is an essential aspect of modern marketing campaigns. It involves using digital channels such as social media, email marketing, and content marketing to create a unique identity and promote it to a target audience. The article aims to examine the influence of personal digital marketing on successful marketing campaign. This study uses a descriptive and quantitative approach to test the effect of independent variables (digital personal marketing elements) on the degree of success in personal marketing campaign. The data were collected by a questionnaire distributed to 300 marketers, owners, and young entrepreneurs. A regression analysis was applied to test the study hypothesis. The results showed that personal marketing elements: branding, content creation, networking, social media management, personal website and personal development, directly affect the degree of success in personal marketing campaign
The Role of Beliefs in the Cooperation of the People in the Middle East: Analytical Study
No full textمشروع الابراهيمية هو مشروع لتوحيد أصول العقائد الدينية لشعوب منطقة الشرق الأوسط، وهو مشروع جديد وكبير يتعلق بمستقبل شعوب وبلدان عديدة ابرزها بلدان منطقة الشرق الاوسط، له دوافع معلنة تتحدث عن السلام، واخرى غير معلنة تقف وراها دول عظمى لها مصالح مهمة في منطقة الشرق الاوسط، فعندما ترعى الولايات المتحدة مثل هذا المشروع فهو دليل على انها تسعى في توظيف حل للقضية الفلسطينية يضمن توسع مصالحها ونفوذها عبر إقامة تحالف إقليمي في الشرق الأوسط في اطار " توحيد أصول ديانات مجتمعات المنطقة" والبحث هو محاولة اكاديمية في مفهوم " الديانة الابراهيمية التي تعدُ جوهر التوحيد" " وهو دراسة تحليلية مقارنة بين عوامل نجاح المشروع، وعوامل فشله ، ومحاولة لإثبات صحة فرضية البحث ومفادها اننا بحاجة اليوم لثقافة الابراهيمية في العيش المشترك السلمي وضمات حقوق الأقليات وحل القضيتين الكوردية والفلسطينية في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وما بعد ذلك يكون اندماج شعوب المنطقة في مشاريع تكاملية اقتصادية وسياسية وثقافية امراً قابل للتحقق، لذلك تم تقسيم البحث الى: ثلاث مباحث الأول لتحديد المعاني للمفاهيم الواردة في البحث، والثاني حول سيناريو نجاح المشروع، والثالث حول سيناريو فشل المشروع، ثم الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والخاتمة The Abrahamic Project is a project to unify the origins of the religious beliefs of the peoples of the Middle East region. It is a new and major project related to the future of many peoples and countries, most notably the countries of the Middle East region. This study is an academic attempt at the concept of the Abrahamic religion, which is the essence of unification. This research is a comparative analytical study between the factors of the project’s success and the factors of its failure, and an attempt to prove the validity of the research hypothesis, which states that today we need an Abrahamic culture of peaceful coexistence, guarantees of minority rights, and a solution to the Kurdish and Palestinian issues in the Middle East region, and after that there will be an integration of the peoples of the region. In economic, political and cultural integration projects, this is achievable, so the research was divided into: three sections: The first is to determine the meanings of the concepts contained in the research, the second is about the project success scenario, the third is about the project failure scenario, then the conclusions, recommendations, and conclusion
Palestinian Social Security Fund Obstacles and Expected Impacts on Achieving Sustainable Development: An Exploratory Study
No full textهدفت الدراسة الى معرفة مدى تفعيل صندوق الضمان الاجتماعي الفلسطيني، وما المعوقات والآثار المتوقعة على تحقيق التنمية المستدامة (دراسة استكشافية) وذلك من خلال قياس الضمان الاجتماعي بعدة ابعاد، وهي بعد الجوانب القانونية والخدماتية والاستثمارية والثقة ،اما التنمية المستدامة فقد تم قياسها من عدة جوانب وهي (الاقتصادية، والاجتماعية، والخدمات الصحية). تم استخدام عينة مكونة من (270) موظف بمختلف القطاعات بفلسطين. توصلت الدراسة الى وجود أثر عند تفعيل صندوق الضمان الاجتماعي على تحقيق اهداف التنمية المستدامة بفلسطين، إذ ان واقع القرار بقانون الضمان الاجتماعي جاء له قبول بالتفعيل من اغلب عينة الدراسة، ومن جهة أخرى توصلت الدراسة الى ان يكون هناك دور لأنشاء صندوق الضمان الاجتماعي الذي بدوره يؤدي الى احداث تحقيق لأهداف التنمية المستدامة بفلسطين، ومن جهة أخرى توصلت الدراسة الى ان هناك علاقة إيجابية بين اهداف التنمية المستدامة وتطبيق القرار بقانون الذي اتى لأنشاء صندوق الضمان الاجتماعي الفلسطيني. وبناء على النتائج فإن الدراسة توصي بتعزيز التطبيق لقرار قانون الضمان الاجتماعي الفلسطيني، وان يتم تعميم تجربة الدول المجاورة على كافة المواطنين، وان يكون هناك توافق حزبي لقرار قانون الضمان الاجتماعي الفلسطيني الذي بدورة له اثر كبير في تحسين وتعزيز الفعالية على تطبيق قرار قانون الضمان الاجتماعي الفلسطيني، وان يتم إشراك شخصيات مشهود لها بالنزاهة والكفاءة والمهنية والاستقلالية في إدارة صندوق الضمان الاجتماعي الفلسطيني، و ان يتم انجاز قانون الضمان الاجتماعي بشكله النهائي بعد الاخذ بالتعديلات التي طرحت، ورفعه للقنوات الدستورية، وأن يتم ضمان تشغيل النظام ضمن مبادئ الحكومة، والاستقلالية، والشفافية.This study aims to recognize Palestine Social Security Fund: obstacles and expected impacts on sustainable development and to clarify whether there are statistical differences due to variables (social status, age, education level, monthly income, number of working family members, establishment nature of work and occupational category). To achieve the purpose of the study; the descriptive survey method was used and a questionnaire about Palestine Social Security Fund: obstacles and expected impacts on sustainable development was conducted. The questionnaire consisted of (58) items and the study sample which was selected using simple random sampling method consisted of (270) male and female private sector employees in Palestine. The results of the research show that the obstacles and expected impacts affecting the achievement of sustainable development in Palestine Social Security Fund are high. Results also show no statistical differences (a=0.05) due to social status, education level and family working members variables. However, there are statistical differences (a=0.05) due to age, monthly income, institution nature of work of and occupational category variables in favor of both the worker and the institution through which constant developmental level is achieved; the thing that maintains constant high income. The study recommends implementing the social security law and maintaining human resources in companies. It also recommends investing new human resources towards enhancing national economy and increasing the number of service establishments that contribute in creating sustainable development nationwide
Age of women as a parameter Affecting CA-125, TSH and CBC: A Correlation Study
No full textOne of the Cancer’s antigens is the CA125, which is a protein antigen, found at excessively high levels in females characterized with ovarian cancer. It is suggested for ovarian cancer screening of women that are at higher risk to get the disease, despite its limited sensitivity and specificity. This study is conducted to identify possible correlations between CA125 and TSH levels with parameters of hematological origin among women of different ages. This study included 44 healthy looking females. Most but not all patients were from Erbil. The study revealed that, CA125 and TSH levels were not associated. Also, the elevation of the CA125 levels in the females could be related to other non-cancerous factors such as menstrual cycle, or postmenopausal. Also WBC parameters and Hb levels were not affected by CA125. The only parameter that was affected by CA125 elevation was RBCs. The research recorded a significant difference of RBC between patient group and control group. Also recorded, no difference to be considered as an indication related to the difference in women age
The Effect of Hypericum perforatum Extract on Gastric Ulcer Development in Rat Models
No full textGastric ulcer is a serious condition that results from the wearing/tearing of the stomach mucosa. A physiological equilibrium is maintained between mucosal defense and aggressive factors. In this study, the effectiveness of medicinal plants (Hypericum perforatum) in the management of gastric ulcer was compared to that of omeprazole, a well-known drug for gastric ulcer. This study involved numerous study groups of male rats comprising of the following: the first group (control group exposed to H. pylori and fed with normal animal feed), the second group (rats exposed to H. pylori and treated with two doses {of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg} of aqueous H. perforatum), and the third group (rats exposed to H. pylori and treated with 20 mg/kg of omeprazole). The outcome of the study demonstrated that a high dose of H. perforatum prevents (50.65%) the development of stomach ulcers. The group treated with omeprazole revealed a formation of stomach ulcers (24.50%). A high dose of the aqueous plant extracts showed greater effectiveness in preventing gastric ulcer formation compared to the lower dosage
The Role of Environmental Media Studies to Develop Individual and Behavioral Awareness: A Sociology Perspective of Media
No full textڕاگهیاندنی ژینگهیی بهیهكێك له پایه سهرهكیهكانی پاراستنی ژینگه و هۆشیاركردنهوهی كۆمهڵگه دادنرێت، كه بههۆیهوه كار بۆ بڵاوكردنهوهی چهمك و بهها ژینگهیهكان دهكات، لهههمان كاتدا كار بۆ هۆشیاركردنهوهی تاكهكانی كۆمهڵ و دهسهڵات و لایهنه پهیوهندیدارهكان دهكات له پێناو پاراستنی ژینگه و پهرهپێدانی، لهم سهردهمهدا ڕاگهیاندنی ژینگهیی بهكۆی ئامرازهكانی دهتوانێ ڕۆڵێكی ئیجگار گهوره له چارهسهركردنی بابهته ژینگهییهكان و ئاڕاستهكردنی ڕهفتاری تاك له خزمهتی ژینگه بگێڕێ ، بهشێوهیهك دهبنه هۆی بهرزكردنهوهی ئاستی هۆشیاری و ڕۆشنبیری و پارێزگاریكردن له ژینگه. لهم توێژینهوهیهدا و ، لە ڕوانگەى کۆمەڵناسى ڕاگەیاندنەوە كار و ئهركهكانی ڕاگهیاندنی ژینگهیى گفتوگۆى زانستى لەبارەوە کراوە، لە ئەنجامدا دەرکەوتووە؛ ڕاگهیاندنی ژینگهی چ وهك چهمك چ وهك بابهت و زانست، مێژویهكی كۆنی نیه، بهڵكو یهكێكه له زانسته تازهكان و، لهگهڵ زۆربونی كێشهی ژینگه و تێكچونی هاوسهنگی ژینگه، پێویستی ئهم زانسته بۆ هۆشیاركردنهوهی تاكهكانی كۆمهڵگه و دهوڵهت دهركهوت. له كوردستان سهرباری بایهخدانی كهناڵهكانی ڕاگهیاندن بهژینگه، بهڵام بههۆكاری کەمى پسپۆڕی ئهكادیمی له بواری ڕاگهیاندنی ژینگهیی و كارنهكردنی كهناڵهكانی دیكهی پێگهیاندنی كۆمهڵایهتی وچهندین بابهتی دیكه، ژینگهی كوردستان و هۆشیاری ژینگهیی له ئاستی پێویستدا نیه ، چونکە ڕاگەیاندن لە کوردستان لە بوارى ژینگە زیاتر کارى لەسەر گواستنهوهی ههواڵى دۆخى كهش و ههوا ى ڕۆژ کرتوە، نەک باسکردن لە مەترسیەکانى تێکچونى ژینگە و خراپ مامەڵەکردنى تاک لەگەڵ پێکهاتە و ڕەگەزەکانى ژینگە.
Environmental Media Studies are considered one of the main pillars of environmental protection and raising awareness of society as they introduce environmental concepts and values. In addition, they raise awareness among individuals, government officials, and relevant authorities in order to protect and improve the environment. In the contemporary era, media tools play a critical role in tackling environmental issues and directing individual behavior to conserve the environment. In this case, media helps increase environmental awareness and enlightenment, and protect the environment. In this study, from a media sociology perspective, tasks and duties related to environmental media studies have been scientifically discussed. In conclusion, it was found that environmental media studies are recent areas of research study whether in terms of concept or in terms of topic for research. By raising environmental issues and the degradation of natural ecosystems, the need for these studies to heighten awareness among people and authorities has become more apparent. In Kurdistan, although the media has paid attention to the environment, Kurdistan’s environment and environmental awareness have not reached the satisfied standards due to the lack of academic expertise in the field of environmental media, the absence of other social media channels to educate society regarding the environment and many other issues. Environmental news in Kurdistan media has been limited to reporting the weather condition and the media has ignored spreading information on the dangers of environmental degradation and environmental abuse by individuals