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PREMATURE HAIR GRAYING: INTEGRATING MECHANISMS, RISK FACTORS, AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
No full textPremature graying of hair (PMGH) is a phenomenon resulting from the interaction of genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, leading to melanocyte dysfunction in the hair follicle. This article discusses the key etiopathogenic mechanisms of PMGH, with particular emphasis on the roles of oxidative stress, micronutrient deficiencies, autoimmune processes, hormonal disorders, and metabolic alterations. Population data indicate that gender and ethnicity influence both the incidence and course of PMGH, while clinical observations suggest that it may serve as an early marker of endocrine, autoimmune, hematological, or cardiovascular disorders. Although the psychosocial burden varies, in many young individuals graying negatively affects their sense of attractiveness and overall mental well-being. Current therapeutic strategies include optimizing nutritional status, antioxidant supplementation, modulation of α-MSH pathways, as well as selected pharmacological treatments and phototherapy. Case reports confirm the possibility of partial or complete repigmentation. Despite a growing body of evidence, the pathogenesis of PMGH remains incompletely understood, highlighting the need for further research into the mechanisms underlying the reversibility of this process and the development of effective, targeted therapies
TELEMEDICINE IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: EVIDENCE, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CHRONIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT
No full textBackground: Telemedicine has emerged as a pivotal component of modern primary health care (PHC), particularly in the management of chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, asthma, COPD, and mental health disorders. The increasing prevalence of multimorbidity, combined with limited health system capacity, has accelerated the adoption of digital solutions capable of improving access, continuity, and clinical decision-making. Evidence accumulated during and after the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that remote monitoring and digital communication tools enhance patient engagement, support self-management, and enable earlier identification of clinical deterioration.
Methods: This review synthesizes findings from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cohort studies, and implementation research evaluating the role of telemedicine in PHC. The analysis focuses on clinical outcomes, patient-reported measures, system efficiency indicators, and the feasibility of integrating telemedicine into existing organizational structures. Special attention is given to chronic disease management, digital health literacy, algorithmic monitoring, and barriers related to interoperability, equity, and data security.
Results and Conclusions: Across 79 empirical studies, telemedicine consistently improves clinical control of chronic conditions, reduces avoidable hospitalizations, strengthens continuity of care, and enhances patient satisfaction. Remote monitoring of blood pressure and glycemic trends demonstrates significant improvements in disease stability, while telepsychiatry expands access to mental health services. Despite its demonstrated effectiveness, full integration of telemedicine requires investment in digital infrastructure, workforce training, and robust cybersecurity protocols. Overall, telemedicine should be regarded not as an adjunct, but as a fundamental pillar of future PHC systems
THE IMPACT OF INSTAGRAM ON BODY IMAGE AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS IN YOUNG WOMEN - A LITERATURE REVIEW
No full textIntroduction: Instagram, as a platform strongly based on visual content, plays a significant role in shaping appearance ideals, self-perception of body image, and health behaviors among young women. Exposure to idealized content, influencers, and fitspiration materials increases the tendency toward social comparisons and may influence self-esteem, eating habits, and physical activity.
Methods: This narrative review was based on searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2015 and 2025. The analysis included empirical works focusing on women aged 15–35, examining the impact of Instagram use on body image, social comparisons, health behaviors, and psychological well-being.
Results: Idealized content and fitspiration are consistently associated with increased body dissatisfaction, more frequent social comparisons, and a higher risk of eating disorders. Instagram may enhance motivation for physical activity; however, this motivation is often driven by appearance-related pressure, contributing to compulsive exercise. Body-positive content improves mood and body acceptance, although its influence on long-term health behaviors remains limited. Negative outcomes are intensified by factors such as psychological susceptibility and internalization of appearance ideals.
Conclusions: Instagram significantly affects body image and health behaviors in young women. Appearance-focused content is linked to poorer well-being, whereas messages promoting body acceptance may offer protective effects. Further longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and develop effective health-promoting interventions
INTEGRATING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTO THE RECOVERY PATHWAY AFTER BREAST CANCER – A NARRATIVE REVIEW
No full textBreast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide. Although surgical approaches, being the first-line treatment in most cases of breast cancer, such as mastectomy and breast-conserving therapy (BCT), often combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), are critical for disease management, they are often accompanied by a range of physical, psychological, and functional challenges that persist well beyond the perioperative period. Throughout recent years, structured physical activity has gained recognition as a non-pharmacological intervention aimed in reducing adverse effects adverse effects of surgical intervention in breast cancer. This narrative review summarizes findings from studies published between 2002 and 2025 about the role of physical activity in breast cancer treatment, focusing specifically on the postoperative period. The findings show a range of physical activities and how some of them can support recovery after surgery. They can improve lymphatic and musculoskeletal function. They also help reduce cancer-related fatigue, pain, and emotional distress. Of note, the extent of benefit varies depending on the type of surgical procedure. For example mastectomy patients generally requiring more extensive rehabilitation than those after regular BCT. Despite all these differences, individualized exercise programs have been associated with significant improvements across diverse clinical contexts. Given its proven efficacy and safety, physical activity should be regarded as a intrinsic element of integrative breast cancer care, included in both perioperative protocols and long-term survivorship plans. Future studies should focus on developing precision-based exercise models. They should also explore the biological mechanisms that connect specific movements to recovery and resilience
DRY EYE DISEASE: CURRENT GUIDELINES AND EMERGING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES
No full textBackground: Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic, multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface characterized by loss of tear film homeostasis, resulting in ocular symptoms and heterogeneous clinical signs. It affects both elderly and working-age populations, with increasing prevalence related to environmental exposure, digital device use, and lifestyle changes. Advances summarized in the TFOS DEWS II reports have substantially improved understanding of DED pathophysiology, highlighting the roles of tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, chronic inflammation, meibomian gland dysfunction, and neurosensory abnormalities.
Methods: This narrative review analyzes current international guidelines and peer-reviewed literature published between 2015 and 2025. PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched using keywords related to dry eye disease, ocular surface disease, TFOS DEWS II, meibomian gland dysfunction, diagnostics, and treatment. Consensus reports, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews were included.
Results: Evidence indicates that DED is a heterogeneous condition requiring an individualized, phenotype-based diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Contemporary guidelines recommend combining symptom assessment with objective diagnostic testing to guide management. Stepwise treatment strategies emphasize patient education, environmental modification, tear supplementation, and targeted anti-inflammatory therapy. Recent advances include immunomodulatory agents, therapies for meibomian gland dysfunction, evaporation-reducing agents, neurostimulatory approaches, and biological treatments for severe or refractory disease.
Conclusion: Dry eye disease remains a complex clinical challenge. Implementation of updated diagnostic criteria and stepwise, phenotype-oriented treatment strategies enables improved disease control and quality of life. Continued research into inflammatory and neurosensory mechanisms, along with development of novel therapies, is essential for further optimization of personalized DED management
THE ROLE OF ERGONOMIC RESEARCH IN ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF EDUCATIONAL STAFF THROUGH PREVIOUS STUDIES
No full textThis paper focuses on the application of ergonomics in the educational field by emphasizing the role of ergonomic design in enhancing the educational performance of all participants in the educational process as an integrated system. The focus is placed on several areas, such as the design of educational programs and curricula, instructional design, and the evaluation of educational performance, among others. The study also highlights the role of educational and school ergonomics based on the general system, which revolves around the design of school buildings and the physical environment in which they are located, due to its impact on the performance of the participants in the educational process. Particular attention is given to teacher performance, such as classroom design and equipment, as well as student behavior in daily activities, especially their interaction with school bags, including their weight and its impact on overall health, particularly back pain and musculoskeletal disorders
CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE TEACHING AS AN INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY IN THE TEACHING OF ECONOMICS EDUCATION
No full textIn today's multicultural and varied educational environment, culturally responsive teaching (CRT) is a crucial learner-centered approach. Creating inclusive learning communities, overcoming cultural barriers, and taking into account a variety of learning styles, it promotes and improves learners' educational experiences. Nevertheless, little research has shown how CRT affects economics instruction. Through a thorough evaluation of the literature, this study sought to close this gap. Data was gathered from 55 academic, peer-reviewed publications that examined CRT as a teaching method for economics classes and were published between 2020 and 2024. Data was analyzed using the thematic content analysis approach, and findings were theorized following asset-based pedagogy (ABP). Four themes for incorporating CRT into economics instruction were identified by the study. These strategies include using culturally responsive teaching materials and resources, encouraging learner-centered learning and discussion, integrating diverse cultural perspectives and experiences into economics curricula, and fostering collaboration between schools and community members, including indigenous knowledge holders. The study highlights the need for educators to recognize and value students' cultural backgrounds, contributing to fresh insights in the integration of CRT in economics education
LEVERAGING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS IN ALGERIAN ENTERPRISES: A CASE STUDY OF VENUS COMPANY
No full textThis study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing the competitiveness of Algerian companies through its integration into digital marketing strategies. The research focuses on the case of Venus Company, which has adopted several AI-based tools such as data analytics, predictive modeling, and personalized advertising systems. Using a descriptive-analytical methodology supported by quantitative data, the study reveals that AI technologies significantly improve marketing performance indicators, including customer engagement, cost efficiency, and market adaptability. The findings demonstrate that AI enhances decision-making precision, facilitates customer relationship management, and strengthens the company’s competitive positioning in an increasingly digitalized market. The research concludes with recommendations for Algerian enterprises to invest strategically in AI-driven marketing innovations and develop internal competencies capable of leveraging these technologies for sustainable competitive advantage
EXERCISE-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS: CURRENT INSIGHTS FROM THE LITERATURE
No full textBackground: Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening disorder triggered by physical activity. Its food-dependent form (FDEIA), most frequently associated with wheat and ω-5 gliadin, is the most prevalent subtype. Despite increasing recognition, both EIA and FDEIA remain underdiagnosed due to their heterogeneous presentations and multifactorial pathogenesis.
Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted, focusing on publications from 2023–2025 retrieved through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Emphasis was placed on recent clinical trials, case reports, and mechanistic studies addressing epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Results: Recent evidence highlights the interplay between allergens, exercise, and cofactors such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol, and infections in lowering the threshold for reactions. While wheat and ω-5 gliadin remain the dominant triggers in FDEIA, newly described allergens, including banana, shellfish, and soy, broaden the clinical spectrum. Advances in molecular allergology, particularly component-resolved diagnostics, enhance sensitivity in identifying culprit allergens, although accessibility remains limited. Management continues to rely on trigger avoidance and the availability of self-injectable epinephrine. Promising developments include hypoallergenic wheat formulations, biologics such as omalizumab, and experimental approaches targeting mast cell signaling, notably Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Conclusion: EIA and FDEIA are clinically significant disorders with diverse presentations and considerable diagnostic challenges. Progress in molecular diagnostics and biologic therapies suggests a shift toward proactive, disease-modifying strategies. Future priorities include standardized diagnostic protocols, validation of emerging therapies, and enhanced clinical awareness to improve patient safety and quality of life
THE ROLE OF CREATINE IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
No full textCreatine, widely known as a performance-enhancing supplement for athletes and bodybuilders is increasingly recognized for its potential neuroprotective properties. Beyond its well-established role in energy metabolism and muscle physiology, creatine appears to influence brain function by supporting ATP homeostasis, reducing oxidative stress, and stabilizing neuronal membranes. Recent studies have suggested that creatine supplementation may benefit individuals with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, preliminary findings indicate a potential role for creatine in mitigating the effects of acute brain injuries and mood disorders, including major depressive disorder. Despite promising experimental data, the clinical efficacy of creatine in neurological settings remains under investigation, with inconsistent results across human trials. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the neuroprotective effects of creatine and critically assess the quality of available evidence