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MANAGEMENT OF A 71-YEAR-OLD PATIENT WITH COPD EXACERBATION, BRONCHIECTASIS, AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA COLONIZATION – CASE REPORT
No full textChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) frequently coexists with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB), creating a clinical overlap associated with persistent airway infection, frequent exacerbations, and accelerated functional decline. Among pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization confers a particularly unfavorable prognosis. We report a 71-year-old male admitted with severe dyspnea and productive cough with purulent sputum. Baseline arterial blood gases confirmed type II (hypercapnic) respiratory failure. Chest radiography excluded new focal consolidations. Bronchoscopy revealed abundant purulent secretions; bronchoaspirate culture grew P. aeruginosa susceptible to meropenem and colistin. In line with current practice and GOLD 2025 principles for acute exacerbation management, the patient received targeted antimicrobial therapy, short-acting bronchodilators, a short course of systemic corticosteroids, long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), and daily airway clearance. The hospital course was favorable with PaCO₂ decreasing and marked symptomatic improvement; at three months he re-presented with recurrent purulent cough and again had P. aeruginosa in culture, prompting extended inhaled colistin and consideration of prophylactic macrolide therapy. This case underscores practical aspects of COPD–bronchiectasis overlap, highlights decision points around eradication strategies for P. aeruginosa, and illustrates the role of individualized, multidisciplinary follow-up aligned with GOLD 2025 and ERS guidance
DEBUNKING THE MYTH OF COUNTERREVOLUTIONARIES: ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF THE BELA ACT ON SCHOOL GOVERNANCE AND LEADERSHIP IN SOUTH AFRICA
Get PDFThis study critically examines the impact of the Basic Education Laws Amendment (BELA) Act on school governance and leadership in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The BELA Act, which centralizes authority by shifting certain power from School Governing Bodies (SGBs) to provincial education departments, has generated considerable debate regarding its effects on local school autonomy and leadership. While proponents argue that the Act promotes equity and simplifies governance, opponents fear it may diminish the responsiveness of school leadership to unique local needs. Using the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) and Transformational Leadership Theory, this research explores how school leaders and SGBs perceive and implement the BELA Act, considering socio-economic challenges and community involvement. The findings suggest that while the Act may foster some degree of standardization, its centralizing effects pose challenges for schools in resource-poor areas, potentially undermining the adaptive leadership needed to address local disparities. The study contributes to the discourse on policy implementation and educational governance, offering insights into the implications for school leadership and community engagement in KwaZulu-Natal. The BELA Act marks a pivotal step in the transformation of South Africa’s education system. Its full implementation reflects the country’s commitment to providing equal educational opportunities for all children, in line with constitutional principles. The extensive consultations and subsequent consensus reached have paved the way for a more inclusive and equitable education system
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LAW IN THE SETTLEMENT OF CORRUPTION CASES
No full textCorruption has always been a disease for a republic, including Indonesia. The attention of the Indonesian government to resolve criminal acts of corruption has started since Indonesia's independence. Regulations regarding criminal acts of corruption start from the Criminal Code (lex generalis) to the Law. No. 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption (lex specialis). The fight against corruption advanced even further with the creation of a special commission through legislation No. 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission. However, in reality it has not been able to solve the problem of corruption. A new approach to solving corruption needs to be proposed. Economic Analysis of Law (EAL) sees that the settlement of corruption is not merely a moral issue that stops at right and wrong, far from that, EAL looks at the beneficial impact of solving corruption (cost and benefit ratio). This paper seeks to use microeconomic analysis to criticize the law enforcement of criminal acts of corruption, especially in the settlement of criminal acts of corruption through the Tipikor Law and efforts to provide solutions to the settlement of criminal acts of corruption through the EAL approach
THE IMPACT OF PERSONAL DATA ON MONGOLIA'S NATIONAL SECURITY
No full textPersonal data is not only a matter of citizen privacy but also a crucial resource for national security strategy and a fundamental requirement for ensuring state information security. This study explores the theoretical and practical implications of personal data breaches on Mongolia's national security, state secrecy, and the stability of its electronic infrastructure, drawing on international and domestic experiences. The research examines the enforcement of existing laws and policy documents in Mongolia and analyzes cases of data breaches in information systems critical for national security. A comparison is made between the legal and institutional frameworks for data protection in countries like the European Union, the United States, and Japan. The study highlights the importance of enhancing information security education in Mongolia, fortifying the national electronic infrastructure, and proposing enhancements to the legal framework for safeguarding personal data
SLEEP AND MENTAL HEALTH: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP DISORDERS AND DEPRESSION
No full textSleep disturbances are a core feature of depressive disorders, occurring in most patients during both acute episodes and remission. Insomnia is the most prevalent form and significantly affects treatment response and relapse risk. The relationship between sleep and depression is bidirectional—sleep problems may precede, co-occur with, or result from depression. Non-pharmacological approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) have proven effective in improving both sleep quality and depressive symptoms, especially when combined with antidepressants. Somatic interventions like chronotherapy, light therapy and sleep cycle manipulation also show promising outcomes. Recognizing and treating sleep disturbances as a primary therapeutic target can enhance the overall effectiveness of depression management and support long-term remission
RIGHT TO INTERNET ACCESS AS A MEANS OF ENSURING A DECENT LIFE
No full textThe rights of people to a decent life, which is a supreme goal in the constitutions of most countries of the world, are also reflected in many international documents. Though for a long time the system of decent life rights ruled the traditional fields, nowadays it is difficult to imagine the decent life rights of a modern person without digital trends and information society. For this, first of all, people should have unhindered access to the Internet. In the article, the content, theoretical elements and principles of Internet accessibility of the relative rights to a decent life were analyzed in detail by the authors, researches on digital rights were conducted. At the same time, the ideas that Internet access should be recognized as a universal right because it offers a meaningful accountability and influence channel in the global sphere, that it is an integral element of the system of modern human rights to a decent life, that free Internet access should be considered a human right, and that Internet access should be guaranteed to ensure access to open information have been put forward
THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON DEMENTIA IN ELDERLY AGE
No full textPopulation aging represents one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. As global life expectancy continues to rise, the number of individuals affected by dementia is steadily increasing. Dementia is currently the seventh leading cause of death worldwide and a major contributor to disability and dependence among older adults. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by the progressive decline of cognitive functions such as memory, thinking, comprehension, and planning.
The gradual loss of these abilities profoundly affects individuals’ daily functioning and quality of life, ultimately leading to increasing dependence, reduced autonomy, and social isolation. This imposes a significant burden not only on patients and their families but also on healthcare and social support systems.
In the absence of effective disease-modifying therapies, preventive strategies and the identification of modifiable risk factors have become a primary focus of research and public health policy. Physical inactivity is now widely recognized as one of these modifiable risk factors.
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the relationship between physical activity and the risk of developing dementia in older age. Other modifiable risk factors for this condition will also be highlighted. The paper will discuss both the biological mechanisms through which physical activity affects cognitive functions and the findings of epidemiological and interventional studies supporting its protective role. Recommendations for physical activity as a component of preventive strategies in aging populations will also be outlined.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed database, focusing on studies published between 2010 and 2025. Search terms included "dementia", "cognitive disorders", “elderly” and "physical activity". As part of our methodological analysis, we selected 27 publications that met the criteria of evidence-based medicine (EBM). The reviewed literature included studies based on meta-analyses as well as the most recent guidelines issued by leading international scientific societies. Relevant articles were selected and critically assessed to extract and evaluate key findings and conclusions.
Conclusions: Recent evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses underscores the critical role of modifiable risk factors in accelerating brain aging and cognitive decline. As life expectancy increases, there is a growing need to prioritize public health education and promote physical activity to prevent dementia and maintain quality of life in aging populations
THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
No full textBackground: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue, leading to inflammation, chronic pelvic pain and reduced quality of life. While hormonal and surgical treatments remain standard, interest in non-pharmacological interventions, including physical activity, has grown due to its potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and psychosocial benefits.
Purpose: To evaluate the impact of physical activity on the course of endometriosis
Material and Methods: Information was collected using the english language literature databases such as PubMed and GoogleScholar. The literature from 1985-2025 was reviewed to evaluate the pain management in endometriosis. Specific attention was paid to publications on the impact of physical activity and exercises on endometriosis associated pain and the quality of life.
Results: The reviewed literature consistently indicated that physical activity contributed to a reduction in endometriosis-related symptoms, most notably chronic pelvic pain. Despite methodological heterogeneity, all studies reported either clinical or statistically significant benefits of PA in endometriosis symptom management. However, several authors emphasized the need for further standardized, large-scale trials to determine optimal exercise type, duration, and intensity.
Conclusions: Physical activity appears to be a promising complementary therapy for managing endometriosis symptoms, particularly pain and fatigue, by modulating inflammation, stress responses, and hormonal balance. While current data are encouraging, further high-quality, longitudinal studies are required to establish standardized exercise protocols and confirm long-term benefits
THE IMPACT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF PATIENTS – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY WITH EXTENDED CLINICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
No full textBackground: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting up to 10% of reproductive-aged women. Beyond reproductive symptoms, PCOS is increasingly associated with mental health challenges, including depression, anxiety, and stress, often overlooked in routine care.
Aim: This study assessed the prevalence and severity of psychological symptoms in women with PCOS and identified clinical and behavioral predictors of poor outcomes, with emphasis on modifiable lifestyle factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 women aged 18–40 diagnosed with PCOS by Rotterdam criteria. Participants completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and a survey on sleep, physical activity, nutrition, and social support. Clinical indicators included BMI, menstrual regularity, hirsutism, and acne. Pearson correlations and regression models were used to analyze associations.
Results: Moderate to severe depression affected 62% of participants, elevated anxiety 54%, and high stress 38%. Higher BMI, irregular cycles, and hirsutism were strongly correlated with worse psychological scores. Protective factors included regular physical activity, sufficient sleep, and positive body image. Regression analyses confirmed both clinical and behavioral predictors were significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Women with PCOS experience a substantial psychological burden. Routine care should integrate mental health screening and multidisciplinary management. Lifestyle interventions focusing on exercise, sleep, and body image may significantly improve emotional well-being and overall quality of life
TIRZEPATIDE FOR CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REDUCTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
No full textBackground: Tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, shows promise beyond glycemic control for managing cardiovascular risk factors. Recent studies suggest that tirzepatide may also offer cardiovascular benefits by improving weight, glycemic control, blood pressure, systemic inflammation, and cardiometabolic risk factors.
Aim: Our review summarizes the current evidence on tirzepatide’s cardiovascular effects, mechanisms of action, clinical outcomes, and safety profile in populations at increased cardiovascular risk.
Methodology: We conducted a narrative literature review of tirzepatide and cardiovascular outcomes using PubMed and Google Scholar.
Conclusion: Tirzepatide appears to be a promising therapeutic option for reducing cardiovascular risk, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and heart failure. Current data support its positive effects on multiple cardiovascular risk factors. However, further confirmation from large clinical trials is needed to fully establish its long-term benefits and safety