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THE ROLE OF DIETARY PATTERNS AND METABOLIC FACTORS IN THE PREVENTION OF COLORECTAL CANCER – A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF RECENT META-ANALYSES
No full textIntroduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health concern, with a significant proportion of cases linked to modifiable lifestyle factors. The aim of this review was to consolidate the latest evidence from meta-analyses and systematic reviews to assess the influence of dietary patterns and metabolic factors influence CRC prevention.
Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted based on a PubMed search, encompassing 15 high-quality evidence studies published in the last year. The focus was on the quantitative assessment of risk associated with healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns (e.g., DASH, Mediterranean Diet, ultra-processed food), the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and key metabolic factors (obesity, glycemia).
Key Findings: Healthy, plant-based dietary patterns (DASH, Mediterranean, Planetary Health Diet) have been found to offer consistent and significant protection against CRC (risk reduction of 9-19%) ((Abbasi et al., 2025; (Ungvari, Fekete, Fekete, et al., 2025); (Wang et al., 2025)). This effect is strongly linked to a low Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), whereas a high DII increases CRC risk by up to 61% ((Wu et al., 2025)). Pro-inflammatory diets, characterized by high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and red/processed meat (18–30% risk increase depending on type) ((Ungvari, Fekete, Varga, et al., 2025); (Woon et al., 2025)), are key risk drivers. Furthermore, metabolic dysregulation, including hyperglycemia (CRC risk increases in the pre-diabetic state) (Teixeira et al., 2025) and obesity, acts as a powerful intermediary factor ((Fu et al., 2025); (Tin et al., 2025)).
Conclusion: Colorectal cancer prevention requires a strategy based on promoting healthy dietary patterns (high in fiber, plants, low in UPF and processed meat) to simultaneously reduce inflammation and optimize metabolic factors. The evidence for this association is classified as high certainty (Yin et al., 2024)
MODERN DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
No full textIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits in the absence of detectable organic pathology. While not life-threatening, IBS significantly impairs patients' quality of life and imposes a substantial burden on global healthcare systems. This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of modern diagnostic and therapeutic methods for IBS. The methodology involved a narrative review of scientific literature from major biomedical databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Key findings highlight the importance of the Rome IV criteria for diagnosis and classification based on predominant stool patterns. The pathophysiology is increasingly understood as a disorder of the gut-brain axis, involving visceral hypersensitivity, altered motility, immune activation, and microbiome dysbiosis. Consequently, treatment has shifted towards an individualized, integrative model. This includes dietary interventions like the low-FODMAP diet, evidence-based pharmacotherapies targeting specific symptoms and mechanisms, and psychological therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and gut-directed hypnotherapy. Emerging therapies based on microbiome modulation and digital medicine (e-health) show significant promise. The conclusion emphasizes that an integrated, patient-centered approach that considers the unique pathophysiological profile and personal needs of each individual is essential for effective IBS management
OVERVIEW OF CLIMBING INJURIES
No full textOver the past two decades, climbing has become a sport of rising popularity. It encompasses various types of indoor and outdoor disciplines, including lead climbing, bouldering, and speed climbing. A particularly significant increase in interest was observed after introducing this sport at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Simultaneously, a greater number of climbing-related traumas have occurred.
This review aims to improve our comprehension of injury characteristics and to summarize epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention of such injuries. Literature evidence demonstrates that the lower and upper extremities were most frequently affected as opposed to the spine and head (Buzzacott, 2019). Fractures, sprains, and strains accounted for the largest share of injuries. Overuse injuries predominantly involve the upper extremities, while acute traumatic injuries are more frequently sustained in the lower extremities (Lutter, 2020).
Due to a lack of standard procedures for evaluating climbing performance, further studies should prioritise the standardization of research methods. Furthermore, developing evidence-based preventive strategies and accounting for diverse risk factors for climbing-related injuries, such as eating disorders and neglecting the warm-up, are crucial to enhancing patient care
IMPACT OF SCREEN TIME AND MEDIA USE ON NEURODEVELOPMENT, EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES, AND MENTAL HEALTH IN CHILDREN
No full textDigital devices offer opportunities for learning and communication, but growing evidence links excessive screen exposure to negative cognitive, language, auditory, and psychosocial outcomes, as well as increased sedentary behavior. These concerns intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, when lockdowns and school closures led to substantial increases in screen use, as digital media became essential for remote learning, emotional regulation, and social connection. Moreover, emerging research suggests that these elevated screen habits may persist beyond the pandemic, underscoring the need for parental guidance and developmentally appropriate limits.
This review analyzed articles from the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, with particular emphasis on recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and cross-sectional studies investigating how screen time and media use affect children’s neurodevelopment, emotional and behavioral outcomes, and mental health.
During the pandemic, children frequently exceeded recommended screen limits. Across studies, prolonged early screen exposure was linked to increased risk of cognitive, language, and social delays, particularly among children with emerging ASD symptoms or higher genetic susceptibility to ADHD. Fast-paced content correlated with ADHD-related behaviors and video gaming with conduct problems, whereas interactive and communication-based media showed fewer negative associations. Language development appeared especially vulnerable: excessive mobile device use, background television, and parental “technoference” were associated with fewer conversational turns, reduced child vocalizations, poorer language outcomes, and weaker auditory responsiveness.
These findings highlight the importance of parent-focused strategies that promote balanced media habits, such as screen-free routines, time limits, and active monitoring. Future research should clarify the specific pathways linking screen time to developmental outcomes and identify effective intervention strategies that can help mitigate potential risks
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS- A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF MECHANISMS, ASSESSMENT, AND MANAGEMENT
No full textRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory condition associated with a markedly increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, approximately 1.5-2- fold higher than in the general population. Chronic systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and increased oxidative stress in RA contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiac remodeling. Conventional CV risk factors- such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking- are also more prevalent in RA, further amplifying vascular injury. Despite advances in understanding these mechanisms, CV disease remains the leading cause of death among patients with RA. Traditional risk assessment tools are often insufficient in RA, highlighting the need for improved risk stratification and preventive strategies. Current management focuses on early and aggressive control of inflammation using disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to achieve remission or low disease activity. According to recent European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations, coordinated multidisciplinary care involving both rheumatology and cardiology is essential for early detection and prevention of CV complications. Patient education, lifestyle modification, and stringent management of modifiable risk factors are key strategies that can significantly reduce CV events and improve long-term outcomes in RA.
Materials and methods: This narrative review aims to address current knowledge on cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis, including underlying mechanisms, assessment methods, and management strategies. A nonsystematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) was conducted in August 2025 using keywords such as “rheumatoid arthritis”, “cardiovascular disease”, “cardiovascular risk”, “atherosclerosis”, “disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs”. Studies published between 2000 and 2025 were considered. Peer-reviewed original research articles and systematic or narrative reviews written in English were included based on their relevance to the topic
AN ARTICLE ON DATAMINING IN GAMES AND THE SCHEMA SYSTEM
No full textData mining, the process of discovering patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data, has become an indispensable discipline in the 21st century. While its conceptual roots and the term itself emerged in the late 1980s and 1990s, the exponential growth in data generation and computational power has propelled it to the forefront of technology. Data mining is not a single method but a collection of techniques and algorithms used to transform raw data into valuable information and actionable insights. This practice has found a critical application in the video game industry, giving rise to the field of "game analytics." The ability to collect data on player behavior on a massive scale, especially with the rise of online and multiplayer games, allows developers to understand their audience, balance gameplay, and improve the user experience iteratively. This article provides an overview of data mining, traces its historical progression, and discusses its importance in modern game development. It concludes with a concrete example: an analysis of the schema system in Valve's Source 2 engine, which exemplifies how a modern game engine is architecturally designed to facilitate data-driven development and analysis
BEYOND THE CLINIC: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF DIGITAL BIOMARKERS FOR MONITORING PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS IN NATURALISTIC SETTINGS
No full textPsychotic disorders remain a major challenge in psychiatry due to their chronicity and symptom heterogeneity. Digital phenotyping - the passive accumulation of behavioural data via various sensors - offers a pivotal shift toward ecologically valid, continuous monitoring that episodic clinical interviews cannot capture. This review aims to synthesise current literature on digital biomarkers, evaluating their role in predicting disease trajectories and social functioning while addressing inherent methodological and socio-ethical challenges. To achieve this, a comprehensive search of major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore, was conducted to analyse key technological applications and clinical outcomes. We found that smartphones and medical-grade accelerometers remain the predominant tools for data collection, with GPS and mobility metrics serving as main proxies for monitoring symptoms. Simultaneously, next-generation technologies - such as AI-driven home EEG for sleep profiling, AI-driven audiovisual processing of patients’ affect and Natural Language Processing - are redefining the boundaries of what can be captured in the patient's daily environment. However, for these technologies to move beyond research pilots, future frameworks must address current methodological fragmentation through standardised reporting protocols. Ultimately, successful clinical implementation requires an evolution of consent models, ensuring that algorithmic precision is deployed within a user-centred architecture that prioritises patient autonomy and the therapeutic relationship
DIGITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY IN CENTRAL ASIA: USING SEARCH DATA TO MONITOR INFLUENZA-LIKE ILLNESS TRENDS
No full textSeasonal influenza continues to pose a substantial burden on health systems worldwide, with an estimated 1 billion infections each year, including 3-5 million severe cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. In Central Asia, this viral landscape is further complicated by the co circulation of multiple respiratory pathogens, heterogeneous climates and unequal access to laboratory diagnostics. At the same time, internet penetration and smartphone use have grown rapidly across the region, creating dense streams of search queries and other digital traces that potentially mirror population level concern about respiratory symptoms. Digital epidemiology uses such nontraditional data streams to complement, rather than replace, established surveillance networks. This article develops a regional framework for harnessing web search data to track influenza-like illness trends in Central Asia in close alignment with existing laboratory-based systems. The approach integrates global experience from search-based influenza surveillance with the specific institutional, linguistic and infrastructural features of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. The results present a structured set of design outcomes: a data source matrix, a multilingual query taxonomy, and a maturity index for integrating digital indicators into public health decision making. The article concludes that search data can enrich influenza-like illness surveillance in Central Asia if embedded in transparent analytic workflows, governed by robust ethical safeguards and continuously validated against clinical data
THE PROBLEM OF THE HERO AND INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM IN THE ROMANTIC ERA (BASED ON SPANISH AND AZERBAIJANI LITERARY AND ARTISTIC EXAMPLES)
No full textThe presented article is devoted to a comparative examination of heroism and individual freedom in the Romantic period through Spanish and Azerbaijani literary examples. It is noted that Romanticism introduced a new “world‐organism” concept in opposition to the mechanistic Enlightenment worldview, foregrounding the irrational depths of the human psyche and the role of chance. From the late 18th to the mid‑19th centuries, the theme of individual freedom and the figure of the hero became a hallmark of Romantic literature.
It is noted that the Napoleonic invasions, Ferdinand VII’s censorship, and the Carlist Wars (1833–1840) forced writers into exile and isolation, prompting them to place inner protest and the desire for liberty at the heart of their works. In Spanish Romantic drama, Ángel de Saavedra’s Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino (“Don Álvaro and the Force of Fate”) is analyzed: it is noted that fatalism (“force of fate”), the conflict between love and honor, and the motif of the curse serve as the principal elements shaping the hero’s tragic destiny.
Turning to Azerbaijan, it is noted that Romanticism there emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was intertwined with the spirit of national liberation. Beginning with Mirza Fatali Akhundzada, individual and social freedom were brought to the forefront of literary discourse. In Hüseyn Cavid’s tragedy Səyavuş, it is noted that the hero carries not only personal idealism but also a mission to alter his people’s fate and safeguard their national and spiritual identity.
The article concludes that both Spanish and Azerbaijani Romantic heroes struggle internally against constraints imposed by society, family, and inexorable fate. However, it is noted that Spanish examples tend to emphasize tragedy rooted in fatalism and curses, whereas Azerbaijani examples underscore national identity and collective freedom ideals. Thus, in the Romantic era, motifs of individual freedom and heroism are expressed in both traditions—under fatalism’s prism in Spanish theater and within the framework of national identity in Azerbaijani literature—through similarly resonant yet distinct artistic means
THE LEVEL OF HOPE-BASED THINKING AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
No full textThis study aimed to measure the level of hope-based thinking among university students and examine differences according to gender (male/female) and field of study (scientific/humanities). The sample consisted of 140 students selected through convenience sampling. A descriptive research design was adopted, and Snyder et al.’s (1991) Hope Scale was employed for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, with the following findings:
- University students demonstrated a high level of hope-based thinking.- No statistically significant differences were found according to gender.- No statistically significant differences were found according to field of study